Composición química, contenido mineral y digestibilidad in vitro de raigrás (Lolium perenne) según intervalo de corte y época de crecimiento

El objetivo fue evaluar la calidad nutritiva del forraje raigrás (Lolium perenne) a diferente madurez (0, 7, 14 y 28 días) en tres épocas del año, otoño (O), invierno (I) y primavera-verano (PV), en un diseño experimental completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 4x3. La madurez del forraje aumentó de forma lineal y cuadrática el contenido de materia seca, fibra detergente ácido y lignina ácido detergente, y de forma cuadrática la fibra detergente neutro; la materia orgánica (MO) bajó de forma lineal y cuadrática, y la proteína cruda (PC) disminuyó linealmente al madurar el forraje. La MO y PC fueron mayores en PV (P<0.01). La producción total de gas, degradabilidad y producción de gas relativa, bajaron de forma lineal y cuadrática (P<0.05) al madurar la planta; la degradabilidad y producción de gas relativa fueron mayores al día cero y en la época PV; el volumen de gas por efecto del intervalo de corte, en las tres épocas, disminuyó con la edad del forraje. El tiempo de retardo de incubación fue mayor (P<0.01) en PV. El contenido mineral del forraje se afectó (P<0.05) por el intervalo de corte y época del año; el mayor aporte fue al día cero y en PV. Los niveles de P, Ca, K, Mg y Zn del forraje no cubren los requerimientos de vacas en producción en las distintas épocas y edades de corte evaluadas. El forraje tuvo mayor calidad en la época PV, antes de 28 días de edad

In Vitro Study of Antiamoebic Activity of Methanol Extracts of Argemone mexicana on Trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica HM1-IMSS

Infections caused by parasites in humans represent one of the main public health concerns. Amoebiasis, a parasitic infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica), is considered endemic in Mexico, where Argemone mexicana (A. mexicana) has been used in traditional medicine to treat intestinal parasitic diseases. ,e objective of this work was to evaluate the potential biological activity of A. mexicana on E. histolytica. For this purpose, a methanolic extract was prepared from A. mexicana leaves, and a differential fractionation was carried out with solvents of different polarities. The inhibitory capacities of the extract and its fractions were evaluated in vitro using HM1-IMSS, a strain of Entamoeba histolytica. A. mexicana extract was found to have a growth-inhibiting activity for E. histolytica, showing IC50 = 78.39 μg/mL. The extract was characterized phytochemically, and the methanolic extract fractions were analyzed by liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). Berberine and jatrorrhizine were present in the active fractions, and these compounds may be responsible for the antiparasitic activity. The identification of amoebicidal activity of A. mexicana on E. histolytica gives su pport to the traditional use. Further studies withberberine and jatrorrhizine will be carried out to understand the mechanism involved

Antimicrobial consumption at the hospital level in latin america. Similarities and differences according to each country

One of the main problems for health service around the world is the antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Objective: to describe the antimicrobial consumption (AMC) at hospital level in Latin American countries and compare the amount and type of antibiotics usage among them in order to guide local public health actions towards AMR prevention.Design: A descriptive study of antimicrobial consumption at hospital level among six health institution in Latin America with an analytical comparative stage. Antimicrobials included corresponded to the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system subgroups: J01, A07A and P01AB. Methods: WHO GLASS methodology was applied for surveillance of AMC, using the ATC classification based on Defined Daily Dose (DDD) and DDD/100 hospital discharges as standard unit of measurement. Antimicrobials consumed were also classified according to the WHO AccessWatch-Reserve (AWaRe) classification. Results: The quantitative data, measured in DDD/100 hospital discharges, showed a wide range of consumption (182.48 - 2260.95). Qualitative analysis according to the AWaRe classification also showed a wide range in terms of consumption of Access (38.14% - 73.64%), Watch (24.93% - 60 .53%) and Reserve (0.31% - 3.55%) groups expressed as a percentage of the total consumption.Conclusion: Great heterogeneity and arbitrariness exist in the selection of antimicrobials for hospital use. Although this situation might be explained on local antimicrobial resistance, the history of prescription, local pharmaceutical promotion, and pharmacological education of health professional in each country, particular habits and distinctive culture may justify the differential consumption patterns observed in each institution in this study.Fil: Marin, Gustavo Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Giangreco, Luis. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Hernández, Yago. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Dorati, Cristian. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Mordujovich Buschiazzo, Perla. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Bay, María Rosa. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos San Roque - Mb Gonnet ; Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires;Fil: Gonzalez, Gladys María Adriana. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos San Roque - Mb Gonnet ; Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires;Fil: Aldunate, Francisca. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: López Peña, Mónica. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social; ColombiaFil: Martínez Parra, Adriana. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social; ColombiaFil: Ching Fung, Shing Mi. Costa Rican social security; Costa RicaFil: Alfonso Arvez, María José. Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare; ParaguayFil: Mantilla Ponte, Hilda. General Directorate of Medicines, Supplies and Drugs; PerúFil: Marin, Danini. General Directorate of Medicines, Supplies and Drugs; PerúFil: Rojas, Robin. General Directorate of Medicines, Supplies and Drugs; PerúFil: Castro, José Luis. Pan-American Health Organization; Estados Unido

Indicadores de prescripción racional de medicamentos: factibilidad de aplicación en instituciones de las Américas

Objetivo. Evaluar la factibilidad de monitorear la calidad de la utilización de medicamentos en instituciones sanitarias de países de la Región de las Américas mediante indicadores de prescripción racional. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de utilización de medicamentos durante el período 2016-2018. Se desarrollaron y seleccionaron indicadores de prescripción racional de acuerdo a referencias internacionales y a la mejor evidencia disponible para: 1) antiinflamatorios: porcentaje de prescripción de ibuprofeno y/o naproxeno sobre prescripción total de antinflamatorios no esteroideos; 2) antidiabéticos orales: metformina como porcentaje de todos los antidiabéticos prescritos, metformina y/o sulfonilureas como porcentaje de todos los antidiabéticos prescritos; 3) insulinas: insulina cristalina y NPH como porcentaje del total de insulinas prescritas y 4) medicamentos antihipertensivos: porcentaje de inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina (IECA), antagonistas de los receptores de la angiotensina II (ARA-II) y diuréticos tiazídicos sobre el total de antihipertensivos prescritos. Se empleó la dosis diaria definida (DDD) por 1 000 habitantes y día (DHD) como medida del consumo por institución. Resultados. La prescripción de metformina con relación a todos los antidiabéticos fue menor al valor del indicador de referencia (27,9%-67,6% vs. 88%), mientras que la prescripción de metformina y/o una sulfonilurea fue comparable con dicho valor (80,9%-97,5% vs. 88%). Los valores de insulina NPH, cristalina y NPH/ cristalina con relación a las insulinas prescritas fueron variables frente al valor del indicador de referencia (37,1%-100% vs. 75%). La prescripción de ibuprofeno y naproxeno estuvo por debajo del valor del indicador (20%-50% vs. 80%). El porcentaje de IECA, ARA-II y tiazidas respecto a todos los antihipertensivos osciló entre 65,2%-77,2% vs 65%, acorde al valor del indicador propuesto. Conclusiones. Se demostró la factibilidad de aplicar los indicadores de prescripción racional seleccionados y construidos, que proporcionan información útil para analizar la calidad de la prescripción en las instituciones sanitarias de países de la Región y representan una herramienta útil para su monitoreo periódico.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad

Acta de congresoLa conmemoración de los cien años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 se presentó como una ocasión propicia para debatir el rol de la historia, la teoría y la crítica en la formación y en la práctica profesional de diseñadores, arquitectos y urbanistas. En ese marco el VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad constituyó un espacio de intercambio y reflexión cuya realización ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración entre Facultades de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional y la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, contando además con la activa participación de mayoría de las Facultades, Centros e Institutos de Historia de la Arquitectura del país y la región. Orientado en su convocatoria tanto a docentes como a estudiantes de Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial de todos los niveles de la FAUD-UNC promovió el debate de ideas a partir de experiencias concretas en instancias tales como mesas temáticas de carácter interdisciplinario, que adoptaron la modalidad de presentación de ponencias, entre otras actividades. En el ámbito de VIII Encuentro, desarrollado en la sede Ciudad Universitaria de Córdoba, se desplegaron numerosas posiciones sobre la enseñanza, la investigación y la formación en historia, teoría y crítica del diseño, la arquitectura y la ciudad; sumándose el aporte realizado a través de sus respectivas conferencias de Ana Clarisa Agüero, Bibiana Cicutti, Fernando Aliata y Alberto Petrina. El conjunto de ponencias que se publican en este Repositorio de la UNC son el resultado de dos intensas jornadas de exposiciones, cuyos contenidos han posibilitado actualizar viejos dilemas y promover nuevos debates. El evento recibió el apoyo de las autoridades de la FAUD-UNC, en especial de la Secretaría de Investigación y de la Biblioteca de nuestra casa, como así también de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la UCC; va para todos ellos un especial agradecimiento

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries