Propuesta de un repositorio temático para aumentar la visibilidad de las publicaciones del Centro Nicaragüense de Derechos Humanos (CENIDH) en Managua

El presente proyecto está orientado a crear una propuesta para la implementación de un repositorio temático en el Centro Nicaragüense de Derechos Humanos (CENIDH), que permita difundir la información sobre derechos humanos de Nicaragua a todo el mundo. Se aborda la filosofía de Open Access (acceso abierto) que propone tres rutas de acceso como son la ruta dorada, la ruta verde y la ruta hibrida y se realiza una síntesis en la extensión de la ruta verde en tres puntos a manera mundial, centroamericana y a nivel nacional por ser aplicable a los repositorios de acceso abierto, en donde se describen diferentes universidades que cuentan con repositorios y que utilizan el software EPRINTS. Asimismo, se discute sobre diferentes temas y reflexiones que tiene la puesta en práctica de la iniciativa del acceso abierto, en particular las diferentes maneras de promover la ruta verde a través de los repositorios, los cuales pueden ser: repositorios de datos, repositorios de documentos administrativos, repositorios de objetos de aprendizaje, repositorios multimedia, repositorios de audio y podcast, repositorios de tesis y disertaciones, los Repositorios Temáticos (RT) y los Repositorios Institucionales (RI). Se reflexiona sobre la importancia de los distintos tipos de softwares que existen en el mundo para el desarrollo de repositorios de acceso abierto, los cuales son: DSPACE, EPRINTS, DIGITAL COMMONS. Además, se expresa un análisis de EPRINTS, sus características generales y ventajas que tiene para cualquier organización en la creación de repositorios de acceso abierto sin tener conocimientos avanzados de programación. Se realiza el estudio de una máquina virtual y su funcionamiento, para llevar a cabo una prueba piloto como práctica para el conocimiento de lo que es instalar y desarrollar un repositorio temático con el software EPRINTS para el Centro Nicaragüense de Derechos Humanos (CENIDH). También se hace referencia sobre la utilización del programa de Mendeley para la correcta aplicación de las normas APA sexta edición en las referencias bibliográficas en el proyecto

Propuesta de implementación de un sistema de salud ocupacional en Corpochivor, con énfasis en gestión del conocimiento

El presente trabajo fue realizado como requisito para obtener el título de administradoras de empresas, de acuerdo a lo establecido en el curso del Diplomado de profundización en gerencia del talento humano. La investigación realizada fue de tipo cualitativo y su desarrollo se describe en cinco capítulos de la siguiente forma: En un primer capítulo se planteó el problema con base a la salud ocupacional para la entidad Corporación Autónoma Regional de Chivor -Corpochivor, el segundo capítulo contiene las teorías relacionadas con la temática; literatura que sirvió de base para la argumentación y descripción del trabajo, en el capítulo tres se describe los procedimientos y elementos utilizados para la recolección de datos objeto de estudio, en el capítulo cuarto se presentan y describen los resultados obtenidos de la ejecución de los procedimientos del capítulo tres. Finaliza con el capítulo cinco, en el que se hacen las recomendaciones del caso frente a los hallazgos encontrados, luego se plantea la propuesta basada en la gestión del conocimiento y el Modelo de Nonaka y Takeuchi. Por último, se entregan las conclusiones a que se llegó producto de la presente investigación.The present work was carried out as a requirement to obtain the title of administrator of companies, according to what was established in the course of the Diploma of Deepening in Management of Human Talent. The research carried out was qualitative and its development is described in five chapters in the following way: In a first chapter the problem was raised based on Occupational Health for the entity Autonomous Regional Corporation of Chivor -CORPOCHIVOR, the second chapter contains the theories related to the subject; literature that served as the basis for the argumentation and description of the work, chapter three describes the procedures and elements used for the collection of data under study, the fourth chapter presents and describes the results obtained from the execution of the procedures of chapter three. It ends with chapter five, in which the recommendations of the case are made in relation to the findings found, then the proposal based on knowledge management and the Nonaka and Takeuchi Model is presented. Finally, the conclusions reached are the product of the present investigation

Treatment with G-CSF reduces acute myeloid leukemia blast viability in the presence of bone marrow stroma

BACKGROUND: The resulting clinical impact of the combined use of G-CSF with chemotherapy as a chemosensitizing strategy for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients is still controversial. In this study, the effect of ex vivo treatment with G-CSF on AML primary blasts was studied. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AML patients were treated with G-CSF at increasing doses, alone or in co-culture with HS-5 stromal cells. Cell viability and surface phenotype was determined by flow cytometry 72 h after treatment. For clonogenicity assays, AML primary samples were treated for 18 h with G-CSF at increasing concentrations and cultured in methyl-cellulose for 14 days. Colonies were counted based on cellularity and morphology criteria. RESULTS: The presence of G-CSF reduced the overall viability of AML cells co-cultured with bone marrow stroma; whereas, in absence of stroma, a negligible effect was observed. Moreover, clonogenic capacity of AML cells was significantly reduced upon treatment with G-CSF. Interestingly, reduction in the AML clonogenic capacity correlated with the sensitivity to chemotherapy observed in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: These ex vivo results would provide a biological basis to data available from studies showing a clinical benefit with the use of G-CSF as a priming agent in patients with a chemosensitive AML and would support implementation of further studies exploring new strategies of chemotherapy priming in AML

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamento del Valle del Cauca

Dentro de las acciones a nivel social, el perfil profesional del psicólogo en una realidad compleja como la hallada en el impacto de los fenómenos de violencia en el conflicto armado colombiano, genera huella trascendental en la identidad social, evidenciando dificultad para construir subjetividad, ejecutar y consolidar estrategias alternas de superación. Este documento estudia, a través del enfoque narrativo, un caso específico sustraído de la realidad, dentro del contexto de victimización con factores agravantes múltiples que se detallan y analizan grupalmente con fines académicos; proponen algunos tipos de preguntas para optimizar en la entrevista el acompañamiento psicosocial en los escenarios de violencia, de tal forma que la labor psicológica se realiza desde constructos teóricos concretos, contextualizados y dirigidos al reconocimiento de las realidades individuales, a partir de la identificación de elementos de valor para los afectados, como punto de partida para generar oportunidades de profundización y posibilidades alternativas de mejoramiento ante los hallazgos desfavorables vinculados a la victimización causada. El enfoque narrativo como herramienta de acompañamiento e intervención, en el contexto de violencia y ante vivencias de experiencias traumáticas, representa una oportunidad para la práctica aplicada de la psicología dentro de las comunidades afectadas por este fenómeno, toda vez que su uso es evidentemente complementario con otras estrategias de intervención, como también lo es la imagen, ofreciendo una profundidad particular con la narración descriptiva que puede permitir una ejecución adecuada de los elementos que ofrece. La violencia, dentro de la realidad social colombiana trasciende indudablemente a todos los campos de desarrollo conjunto de la nación, afectando esferas múltiples, desde la familia como eje de desarrollo, hasta aspectos biopsicosociales educativos, económicos, culturales, religiosos y políticos, vulnerando derechos humanos, limitando las oportunidades y atentando al bienestar integral individual y colectivo de las comunidades, generando incluso situaciones de revictimización, ante lo cual, el profesional de psicología asume un rol altamente valioso y relevante de acompañamiento psicosocial en los escenarios de violencia, es así como el enfoque narrativo constituye el eje principal en la construcción de subjetividades, demostrando las posibilidades con las que cuenta el psicólogo al momento de ejercer su rol profesional.Within the actions at the social level, the professional profile of the psychologist in a complex reality such as that found in the impact of violence phenomena on Colombian armed conflict, generates a momentous mark on social identity, evidenced by difficulty in building subjectivity, executing and consolidating alternative strategies of overcoming. This document examines, through the narrative approach, a specific case subtracted from reality, within the context of victimization with multiple aggravating factors that are detailed and analyzed group for academic purposes; they propose some types of questions to optimize psychosocial accompaniment in the scenarios of violence in the interview, so that psychological work is carried out from concrete theoretical constructs, contextualized and aimed at the recognition of individual realities, based on the identification of elements of value for those affected, as a starting point to generate opportunities for deepening and alternative possibilities for improvement in the face of unfavorable findings linked to the victimization caused. The narrative approach as a tool of accompaniment and intervention, in the context of violence and in the face of experiences of traumatic experiences, represents an opportunity for the applied practice of psychology within the communities affected by this phenomenon, since its use is evidently complementary with other intervention strategies, as is the image, offering a particular depth with the descriptive narrative that can allow an adequate execution of the elements it offers. Violence, within Colombia's social reality undoubtedly transcends all the fields of joint development of the nation, affecting multiple areas, from the family as an axis of development, to educational, economic, cultural, religious and political biopsicosocial aspects, violating human rights, limiting opportunities and attentive to the integral individual and collective well-being of communities, even generating situations of revictimization , in view of which, the psychology professional assumes a highly valuable and relevant role of psychosocial accompaniment in the scenarios of violence, is how the narrative approach is the main axis in the construction of subjectivities, demonstrating the possibilities available to the psychologist when exercising his professional role

Mutation of vsx genes in zebrafish highlights the robustness of the retinal specification network

Genetic studies in human and mice have established a dual role for Vsx genes in retina development: an early function in progenitors' specification, and a later requirement for bipolar-cells fate determination. Despite their conserved expression patterns, it is currently unclear to which extent Vsx functions are also conserved across vertebrates, as mutant models are available only in mammals. To gain insight into vsx function in teleosts, we have generated vsx1 and vsx2 CRISPR/Cas9 double knockouts (vsxKO) in zebrafish. Our electrophysiological and histological analyses indicate severe visual impairment and bipolar cells depletion in vsxKO larvae, with retinal precursors being rerouted toward photoreceptor or Müller glia fates. Surprisingly, neural retina is properly specified and maintained in mutant embryos, which do not display microphthalmia. We show that although important cis-regulatory remodelling occurs in vsxKO retinas during early specification, this has little impact at a transcriptomic level. Our observations point to genetic redundancy as an important mechanism sustaining the integrity of the retinal specification network, and to Vsx genes regulatory weight varying substantially among vertebrate species

Activity of imipenem/relebactam against Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Spain. SMART 2016-2020

Objectives. To determine susceptibility to the novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination imipenem/relebactam in clinical isolates recovered from intra-abdominal (IAI), urinary (UTI), respiratory (RTI) and bloodstream (BSI) infections in the SMART (Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends) study in SPAIN during 2016 – 2020. Methods. Broth microdilution MICs for imipenem/relebactam and comparators were determined by a central laboratory against isolates of Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MICs were interpreted using EUCAST-2021 breakpoints. Results. In total, 5,210 Enterobacterales and 1,418 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were analyzed. Imipenem/relebactam inhibited 98.8% of Enterobacterales. Distinguishing by source of infection susceptibility was 99.1% in BSI, 99.2% in IAI, 97.9% in RTI, and 99.2% in UTI. Of intensive care unit isolates (ICU) 97.4% were susceptible and of non-ICU isolates 99.2% were susceptible. In Enterobacterales, activity against Class A, Class B and Class D carbapenemases was 96.2%, 15.4% and 73.2%, respectively. In P. aeruginosa, imipenem/relebactam was active in 92.2% of isolates. By source of infection it was 94.8% in BSI, 92.9% in IAI, 91.7% in RTI, and 93.1% in UTI. An 88.7% of ICU isolates and 93.6% of non-ICU isolates were susceptible to imipenem/relebactam. Imipenem/relebactam remained active against P. aeruginosa ceftazidime-resistant (76.3%), cefepime-resistant (73.6%), imipenem-resistant (71.5%) and piperacillin-resistant (78.7%) isolates. Of all multidrug-resistant or difficult-to-treat resistance P. aeruginosa isolates, 75.1% and 46.2%, respectively, were susceptible to imipenem/relebactam. Conclusions. Imipenem/relebactam showed high rates of susceptibility in Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa isolates from different sources of infection as well as depending on patients’ location (ICU or non-ICU scenarios)

Salud sexual y reproductiva de adolescentes del sexo masculino Huánuco mayo 2008 – abril 2009

With the study it was tried to establish which the pattern of sexual and contraceptive behavior of adolescent of masculine sex in the city of Huánuco in 2008. The sample was represented by 50 adolescent students of the secondary level, university and non university superior of the urban and rural zones. The instrument used for the compilation of data was a survey of sexual and reproductive behavior. The results show that 53 % of the adolescents have a secular active life, another important fact is that 70 % of adolescents affirm to have between one and two sexual couples. It was concluded that the adolescents present a sexual and reproductive behavior based on the ethical thing and of respect to the human rights.Con el estudio se pretendió establecer cuál es el patrón de comportamiento sexual y contraceptivo de los adolescentes del sexo masculino de la ciudad de Huánuco, en el año 2008. La muestra estuvo representada por 50 adolescentes estudiantes del nivel secundario, superior universitario y no universitario de las zonas urbanas y rurales. El instrumento utilizado para la recoleción de los datos fue una encuesta de comportamiento sexual y reproductivo. Los resultados muestran que el 53% de los adolescentes tiene una vida secular activa, otro dato importante es que el 70% de adolescentes afirman tener entre uno y dos parejas sexuales. Se concluye que los adolescentes presentan un comportamiento sexual y reproductivo basado en lo ético y de respeto a los derechos humanos

XIAP inhibitors induce differentiation and impair clonogenic capacity of acute myeloid leukemia stem cells.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a neoplasia characterized by the rapid expansion of immature myeloid blasts in the bone marrow, and marked by poor prognosis and frequent relapse. As such, new therapeutic approaches are required for remission induction and prevention of relapse. Due to the higher chemotherapy sensitivity and limited life span of more differentiated AML blasts, differentiation-based therapies are a promising therapeutic approach. Based on public available gene expression profiles, a myeloid-specific differentiation-associated gene expression pattern was defined as the therapeutic target. A XIAP inhibitor (Dequalinium chloride, DQA) was identified in an in silico screening searching for small molecules that induce similar gene expression regulation. Treatment with DQA, similarly to Embelin (another XIAP inhibitor), induced cytotoxicity and differentiation in AML. XIAP inhibition differentially impaired cell viability of the most primitive AML blasts and reduced clonogenic capacity of AML cells, sparing healthy mature blood and hematopoietic stem cells. Taken together, these results suggest that XIAP constitutes a potential target for AML treatment and support the evaluation of XIAP inhibitors in clinical trials

Incidence, risk factors, clinical characteristics and outcomes of deep venous thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 attending the Emergency Department: results of the UMC-19-S8

Background and importance: A higher incidence of venous thromboembolism [both pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis (DVT)] in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been described. But little is known about the true frequency of DVT in patients who attend emergency department (ED) and are diagnosed with COVID-19. Objective: We investigated the incidence, risk factors, clinical characteristics and outcomes of DVT in patients with COVID-19 attending the ED before hospitalization. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all COVID patients diagnosed with DVT in 62 Spanish EDs (20% of Spanish EDs, case group) during the first 2 months of the COVID-19 outbreak. We compared DVT-COVID-19 patients with COVID-19 without DVT patients (control group). Relative frequencies of DVT were estimated in COVID and non-COVID patients visiting the ED and annual standardized incidences were estimated for both populations. Sixty-three patient characteristics and four outcomes were compared between cases and controls. Results: We identified 112 DVT in 74 814 patients with COVID-19 attending the ED [1.50‰; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23-1.80‰]. This relative frequency was similar than that observed in non-COVID patients [2109/1 388 879; 1.52‰; 95% CI, 1.45-1.69‰; odds ratio (OR) = 0.98 [0.82-1.19]. Standardized incidence of DVT was higher in COVID patients (98,38 versus 42,93/100,000/year; OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 2.03-2.38). In COVID patients, the clinical characteristics associated with a higher risk of presenting DVT were older age and having a history of venous thromboembolism, recent surgery/immobilization and hypertension; chest pain and desaturation at ED arrival and some analytical disturbances were also more frequently seen, d-dimer >5000 ng/mL being the strongest. After adjustment for age and sex, hospitalization, ICU admission and prolonged hospitalization were more frequent in cases than controls, whereas mortality was similar (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.77-2.45). Conclusions: DVT was an unusual form of COVID presentation in COVID patients but was associated with a worse prognosis