High-Performance low-vcc in-order core

Power density grows in new technology nodes, thus requiring Vcc to scale especially in mobile platforms where energy is critical. This paper presents a novel approach to decrease Vcc while keeping operating frequency high. Our mechanism is referred to as immediate read after write (IRAW) avoidance. We propose an implementation of the mechanism for an Intel® SilverthorneTM in-order core. Furthermore, we show that our mechanism can be adapted dynamically to provide the highest performance and lowest energy-delay product (EDP) at each Vcc level. Results show that IRAW avoidance increases operating frequency by 57% at 500mV and 99% at 400mV with negligible area and power overhead (below 1%), which translates into large speedups (48% at 500mV and 90% at 400mV) and EDP reductions (0.61 EDP at 500mV and 0.33 at 400mV).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

The Case Against Template Informed Consent Procedures in Biomedical Research: Heterogeneity in health Literacy in Chile

Indexación: Web of Science; ScieloSe examinó el alfabetismo en salud en Chile con el fin de determinar si se pueden usar procedimientos de consentimiento informado estándares en esta población. Se evaluó el alfabetismo en salud con la versión abreviada de la prueba SAHLSA. Los resultados se expresaron como el porcentaje de respuestas correctas en cada prueba. El promedio global de respuestas correctas fue 85.4 ± 13.5 % (media aritmética ± desviación estándar, n=762). Hubo diferencias importantes entre los subgrupos examinados. El nivel más bajo de alfabetismo en salud se detectó en pescadores artesanales y sus familias y en estudiantes de liceos públicos, y el más alto en estudiantes universitarios y madres pobladoras atendidas en el sistema público de salud. Los resultados muestran la necesidad que los procedimientos de consentimiento informado tomen en cuenta la heterogeneidad del alfabetismo en salud de la población chilena.Health literacy was examined in Chile to assess whether it is homogenous enough to allow the use of "templates" for informed consent, and to identity subgroups that may need special consideration when recruited for research because of their low health literacy abbreviated SAHLSA test of health literacy was used. Results were expressed as percent of correct answers out of the 50 items of the SAHLSA test. There was high health literacy with 85.4 ± 13.5 % (arithmetic mean ± standard deviation, «=762) of correct answers. There were important differences between groups, with lower scores in artisanal fishermen families and high-school students attending public schools, and higher scores in university students and mothers attending the public health system. Results show that a case by case approach is probably more appropriate when seeking informed consent in this population because of the variability of health literacy.http://ref.scielo.org/nb426

Madrid immigrants’ perceptions of urban food environments and their dietary behaviours

Large cities are home to several groups of immigrants who undergo important changes in their environmental conditions and lifestyles that significantly modify their risk of chronic diseases. Quantitative evidence indicates that both their health and diet worsen over time; much less is known about the qualitative mechanisms that cause these changes. The aim of this article is to understand how immigrants in the city of Madrid perceive the relation between the urban food environment and dietary behaviour. Based on a Social Ecological Framework, we conducted a secondary qualitative analysis derived from data from 41 immigrant residents, collected in eight focus groups (FGs), conducted in two neighbourhoods in the city of Madrid. We identified the following main categories: 1) Transnational identity and dietary behaviour in the neighbourhood; 2) Transitions in dietary behaviour; and 3) Societal/structural factors determining dietary behaviour in the neighbourhood. The participants in the FGs mentioned that they try to maintain traditional dietary customs and perceive that the taste of their typical dishes is better than those of Spanish dishes. Contradictorily, some participants considered their traditional dietary patterns to be less healthy than Mediterranean ones (consuming olive oil, vegetables, fish). Some participants acknowledged having adapted to the latter voluntarily or through dietary negotiations with their children. Immigrant families with two working parents have difficulties cooking homemade food and resort to less healthy options, such as eating fast food or ready-made meals. Due to their low purchasing power, they buy both ethnic products and other products, as well as considering the prices and offers in supermarkets. Our study highlights several structural mechanisms connecting the physical and social urban food environment with dietary behaviours among immigrant residents of a large city.This work was supported by two national grants by the Spanish government (CSO 2016-77257-P and CSO2017-83787-P) and by Heart Healthy Hoods funded by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013/ERC) Starting Grant Heart Healthy Hoods agreement no. 336893

El liderazgo de los profesionales de enfermería y el rendimiento organizativo: un estudio exploratorio con aplicación del Análisis de Redes Sociales

Las personas son seres sociales que buscan construir puentes de identidad y de amistad entre ellos. Estos nodos y lazos construyen redes dentro de los equipos de trabajo, lo que podría ser útil para que los directivos de salud los optimizaran. Por esta razón se aplicó el ARS al contexto de hospitales y centros de salud, y así determinar cómo las redes están construidas en las unidades clínicas y cómo influyen en la autopercepción de los trabajadores sobre el rendimiento grupal. Se aplicó el ARS para determinar la posición central y de liderazgo de los individuos en la redes. La muestra fue de 177 profesionales procedentes de organizaciones sanitarias públicas en España. Los médicos y las enfermeras tienden a diferir en cuanto al liderazgo y a la relevancia que otorgan a las redes. El liderazgo médico es mayor en la Red del Consejo, y el de las enfermeras en la Red de Ayuda y de Motivación. Las redes están positivamente relacionadas con el rendimiento. Este estudio empírico muestra que hay redes sociales dentro de los equipos de salud. Las enfermeras juegan un rol de liderazgo como mediador entre las distintas sub-redes dentro de las unidades clínicas.People are social beings who seek to build ties of identity and friendship with others. The nodes and their links build a social network. This framework could be useful for a health manager to optimize these ties. For this reason, it would be interesting to apply SNA to the context of hospitals and health centres in order to determine how the staff's social networks are built and how they influence on the self-perception of the employees about their team performance. The Social Network Analysis methodology is used to determine the central position and leadership of individuals in the networks. The study draws on a sample of 177 professionals from Spanish public health centres. Physicians and nurses tend to differ both in Leadership and in the importance they give to networks. The physician leadership is prominent in the Advice Network, and the nurse leadership in the Help Network and Motivation Network is positively related to performance. This empirical study shows that there are social networks within healthcare teams. Nurses play a leadership role as mediator between the different sub-networks within the same service

Online error detection and correction of erratic bits in register files

Aggressive voltage scaling needed for low power in each new process generation causes large deviations in the threshold voltage of minimally sized devices of the 6T SRAM cell. Gate oxide scaling can cause large transient gate leakage (a trap in the gate oxide), which is known as the erratic bits phenomena. Register file protection is necessary to prevent errors from quickly spreading to different parts of the system, which may cause applications to crash or silent data corruption. This paper proposes a simple and cost-effective mechanism that increases the resiliency of the register files to erratic bits. Our mechanism detects those registers that have erratic bits, recovers from the error and quarantines the faulty register. After the quarantine period, it is able to detect whether they are fully operational with low overhead.Postprint (published version

Hospitalisation by tick-borne diseases in the last 10 years in two hospitals in South Spain: analysis of tick exposure data collected in the Emergency Department

Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) can sometimes cause severe symptoms and lead to hospitalisation, but they often go unnoticed in the Emergency Department (ED). The aim of this study was twofold: (i) to describe the profile of patients hospitalised by TBDs; and (ii) to evaluate the data collected in the medical records from the ED in order to analyse their potential clinical consequences. A total of 84 cases that included all TBD diagnoses registered in the ED records were identified and analysed. These corresponded to all the hospitalisations by TBDs in the last 10 years (2009–2019) in two tertiary hospitals in Granada, Spain. Statistical analyses were made using RStudio. Coinciding with the absence of patient’s report of exposure to ticks, 64.3% of TBDs were not suspected in the ED. Intensive care unit admission was required in 8.3% of cases, and the mortality rate was 2.4%. Non-suspected cases showed longer hospital stay (P < 0.001), treatment duration (P = 0.02) and delay in the initiation of antibiotic treatment (P < 0.001). Our findings indicate that symptoms associated with TBDs are highly non-specific. In the absence of explicit information related to potential tick exposure, TBDs are not initially suspected. As a consequence, elective treatment administration is delayed and hospitalisation time is prolonged. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of addressing potential exposure to ticks during the ED contact with patients presenting with febrile syndrome

Diseño universal para el aprendizaje en procesos de investigación participativos e inclusivos

El colectivo juvenil es una de las prioridades en las políticas europeas, entre otros por el interés en facilitarles una igualdad de oportunidades que favorezca su participación. Esta investigación analiza la construcción cognitiva y las dimensiones del empoderamiento en jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual moderada (DIM) e indaga cómo las estrategias vinculadas a los principios del Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA) -representación, acción y expresión, y estimulación y participación- parecen ser relevantes. Se utiliza la evaluación participativa como metodología en cuatro grupos focales con 35 jóvenes participantes con DIM pertenecientes a diferentes programas formativos de la Comunidad de Madrid. Los resultados muestran que jóvenes con DIM, a través de la evaluación participativa y el DUA, presentan un dominio conceptual, práctico y social similar al obtenido con jóvenes sin discapacidad; y son capaces de realizar una construcción cognitiva adecuada del concepto de empoderamiento. Como hallazgo, la evaluación participativa se muestra facilitadora de siete de las nueve dimensiones del empoderamiento juvenil del proyecto HEBE[1]. Se identifica la necesidad de incorporar perfiles con DIM en la selección de muestras de jóvenes para estimular procesos inclusivos, empoderadores y romper estigmas socialesYouth is one of the priorities in European policies, among others due to the interest in providing them with equal opportunities that favors their participation. This research analyzes the cognitive construction and the dimensions of empowerment in young people with moderate intellectual disabilities (MID) and investigates how the strategies linked to the principles of Universal Learning Design (UDL) -representation, action and expression, and stimulation and participation- seem be relevant. Participatory evaluation is used as a methodology in four focus groups with 35 young participants with DIM belonging to different training programs in the Community of Madrid. The results show that young people with SID, through participatory evaluation and the UD, present a conceptual, practical, and social domain similar to that obtained with young people without disabilities; and they are able to carry out an adequate cognitive construction of the empowerment concept. As a finding, the participatory evaluation is a facilitator of seven of the nine dimensions of youth empowerment of the HEBE project. The need to incorporate profiles with DIM in the selection of samples of young people is identified to stimulate inclusive, empowering processes and break social stigma

Excavaciones en el conjunto megalítico de la Peña Oviedo (Camaleño, Cantabria)

La excavación del conjunto megalítico de la Peña Oviedo, pretende ser el inicio de un estudio más amplio que aborde de manera global el fenómeno megalítico en las cue.ncas altas de los ríos Deva y Nansa. El total desconocimiento que se tenía hasta esta década, no ya del fenómeno megalítico, sino incluso de su existencia en estos valles montañosos del Occidente de Cantabria hace necesario un estudio que ponga de manifiesto sus características y las relaciones con las áreas vecinas.The excavation of the megalithic complex of the Peña Oviedo, pretends to be the beginning of a larger study that approaches the megalithic phenomenon in the global River basins of the Deva and Nansa rivers. The total lack of knowledge of the megalithic phenomenon, but not even of its existence in these mountain valleys of western Cantabria, requires a study that reveals its characteristics and relations with neighboring areas

Trombo frente a mixoma: no todo es lo que parece

Myxomas are the most common cardiac benign primary tumor. Most cases of mixoma have their origin at the level of the fossa ovalis and protrude towards the left atrium. However, diferential diagnosis with thrombus can be challenging. We present a clinical case of a intracardiac mass with imaging data that could support mixoma or thrombus where the multimodality imaging was needed to make the final diagnosis.patient with a history of arterial hypertension that debuts with atrial fibrillation.Los mixomas son el tumor cardíaco primario más común. En su forma típica tienen su origen a nivel de la fosa oval y protruyen hacia la aurícula izquierda. Sin embargo, su principal diagnóstico diferencial es el trombo y diferenciar ambos problemas puede ser todo un reto. Se presenta un caso clínico en el que se encontró una masa intracardíaca con características que apoyaban tanto el diagnóstico de mixoma como el de trombo y en la que fue necesario realizar un estudio multimodalidad para llegar al diagnóstico final

El liderazgo de los profesionales de enfermería y el rendimiento organizativo: un estudio exploratorio con aplicación del Análisis de Redes Sociales

pp. 140-162Las personas son seres sociales que buscan construir puentes de identidad y de amistad entre ellos. Estos nodos y lazos construyen redes dentro de los equipos de trabajo, lo que podría ser útil para que los directivos de salud los optimizaran. Por esta razón se aplicó el ARS al contexto de hospitales y centros de salud, y así determinar cómo las redes están construidas en las unidades clínicas y cómo influyen en la autopercepción de los trabajadores sobre el rendimiento grupal. Se aplicó el ARS para determinar la posición central y de liderazgo de los individuos en la redes. La muestra fue de 177 profesionales procedentes de organizaciones sanitarias públicas en España. Los médicos y las enfermeras tienden a diferir en cuanto al liderazgo y a la relevancia que otorgan a las redes. El liderazgo médico es mayor en la Red del Consejo, y el de las enfermeras en la Red de Ayuda y de Motivación. Las redes están positivamente relacionadas con el rendimiento. Este estudio empírico muestra que hay redes sociales dentro de los equipos de salud. Las enfermeras juegan un rol de liderazgo como mediador entre las distintas sub-redes dentro de las unidades clínicas.S