Advanced Formulation Technology and its benefits for Clomazone containing herbicides

Clomazone is an important compound for effective weed control in winter oilseed rape and spring crops as potatoes and vegetables. Both when applied solo and as a complementary partner to other active ingredients, clomazone offers good and reliable control on a range of key weed species and crop safety. Its unique mode of action brings valuable contribution to anti-resistance weed management strategies. Clomazone effects on susceptible weed species are the typical bleaching symptoms. FMC developed and patented a unique CS microencapsulation technology for clomazone formulations. This technology as used in Centium 36 CS maintains efficacy and crop safety and reduces the risk of potential damage to non-target plants. In addition FMC introduces two novel formulation platforms, Synchronized Technology (SYNCTEC) and Dual Active Matrix Technology (DAMTEC). Synchronized Technology (SYNCTEC) means co-microencapsulation of multiple active ingredients and synchronized delivery to the target after application, hence making the different herbicides available at their optimal timing. Dual Active Matrix Technology (DAMTEC) combines a microencapsulated active ingredient with a second active ingredient in granular form. Both proprietary technologies are specifically designed for co-formulated products and preserve the unique properties of the different active ingredients and all benefits from the CS microencapsulation system including control of volatility and high efficacy performance.Keywords: Clomazone, dual active matrix, microencapsulation, performance, secondary drift control, synchronized delivery, technology platformsFortschrittliche Formulierungstechnologie und ihr Nutzen für Clomazone-haltige HerbizideZusammenfassungClomazone ist ein wichtiger Wirkstoff für eine effektive Unkrautbekämpfung in Winterraps und Sommerkulturen wie Kartoffel und Feldgemüsearten. Sowohl bei alleiniger Anwendung wie auch als Partner anderer Wirkstoffe bietet Clomazone eine gute und sichere Bekämpfung wichtiger Unkrautarten bei guter Kulturverträglichkeit. Der besondere Wirkmechanismus liefert einen wesentlichen Beitrag zu Anti-Resistenzstrategien in der Unkrautbekämpfung. Der Effekt von Clomazone auf empfindliche Unkrautarten äußert sich in den typischen Entfärbungssymptomen (bleaching) an grünen Pflanzenteilen. Für Formulierungen, die als Wirkstoff Clomazone enthalten, hat FMC hat eine besondere CS Mikroverkapslungstechnologie entwickelt und patentieren lassen. Die Technologie, wie sie bei Centium 36 CS zur Anwendung kommt, unterstützt die Wirkung und Kultursicherheit und reduziert das Risiko eines potentiellen Schadens an Nicht-Zielpflanzen. Mit der ‚Synchronized Technology (SYNTEC)‘ und der ‚Dual Active Matrix Technology (DAMTEC)‘ begibt sich FMC auf zwei neuartige Ebenen in der Formulierungstechnologie. Unter der ‚Synchronized Technology (SYNTEC)‘ ist die gemeinsame Mikroverkapselung mehrerer Wirkstoffe und ihre aufeinander abgestimmte Lieferbarkeit nach Applikation zu verstehen, während bei der Dual Active Matrix Technology (DAMTEC) eine Mikroverkapselte Aktivsubstanz mit einem in Granulatform vorliegenden Wirkstoff kombiniert werden. Beide proprietären Technologien sind speziell für co-formulierte Produkte ausgelegt, um sowohl die speziellen Wirkeigenschaften der Einzelkomponenten als auch alle Vorteile der CS-Verkapselung zu erhalten wie etwa die induzierte Abdrift-Reduktion und die hohe Wirkleistung.Stichwörter: Aufeinander abgestimmte Vorrätigkeit, Clomazone, Dual Active Matrix (duale active Matrix), induzierte Abdrift-Reduktion, Leistung, Mikroverkapselung, Technologie-Ebene

Efficacy of lufenuron as chemosterilant against Ceratitis capitata in field trials

[EN] Two field trials in citrus orchards in Turis (Valencia, Spain) and Denia (Alicante, Spain) were performed in order to test the sterilant effect of the insect growth regulator lufenuron against wild medfly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) populations. Two application methods for lufenuron were tested: spraying, in spots, an emulsion of lufenuron in a protein bait, and hanging delta traps that contained a proteinaceous gel with lufenuron (solid bait). The sterilant effect was measured as medfly population reduction, reduction of fruit damage in treated fields, and the number of eggs hatching in punctured fruits. In order to assess the efficacy of lufenuron treatments, we recorded results obtained from two different zones in both trial fields: an outer zone, close to untreated fields, and an inner zone, in the centre of lufenuron treated fields. We observed a minimum sterilant effect in the outer zone and a maximum sterilant effect in the inner one. The maximum sterilant effect was in the inner zone, where a reduction of medfly population of 80.4% in the sprayed field and a reduction of 77.6% in the solid bait field was observed. In addition, the greater the distance from the untreated zones of the treated orchard (inwards), the lower the fruit damage and medfly population level. In this inner zone, fruit punctured by medfly developed significantly fewer larvae (38.8%) than punctured fruits from the outer zone (68.6%). In addition, we recorded the decline in the activity of the lufenuron treatments with time. Lufenuron activity persisted in field for at least two weeks with spray applications, and for three months with bait gels. (C) 2004 Society of Chemical Industry.[ES] Se realizaron dos ensayos de campo en huertos de cítricos en Turis (Valencia, España) y Denia (Alicante, España) para probar el efecto esterilizante del regulador del crecimiento de insectos lufenurón en poblaciones silvestres de moscamed Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Se probaron dos métodos de aplicación del lufenurón: pulverización en puntos, de una emulsión de lufenurón en un cebo proteico y trampas delta colgantes que contenían un gel proteico con lufenurón (cebo sólido). El efecto esterilizante se midió como la reducción de la población de moscamed, la reducción del daño de la fruta en los campos tratados y el número de huevos que eclosionan en las frutas perforadas. Para evaluar la eficacia de los tratamientos con lufenurón, se registraron los resultados obtenidos en dos zonas diferentes en ambos campos de prueba: una zona exterior, cerca de los campos no tratados, y una zona interior, en el centro de los campos tratados con lufenurón. Se observó un efecto esterilizante mínimo en la zona exterior y un efecto esterilizante máximo en la zona interior. El máximo efecto esterilizante fue en la zona interior, donde se observó una reducción de la población de mosca med del 80,4% en el campo asperjado y una reducción del 77,6% en el campo de cebo sólido. Además, cuanto mayor es la distancia de las zonas no tratadas del huerto tratado (hacia el interior), menor es el daño de la fruta y el nivel de población de moscamed. En esta zona interna, los frutos atacados por moscamed desarrollaron significativamente menos larvas (38,8%) que los frutos atacados en la zona exterior (68,6%). Además, se registró la disminución de la actividad de los tratamientos con lufenurón con el tiempo. La actividad de lufenurón persistió en el campo durante al menos dos semanas con aplicaciones de aspersión y durante tres meses con geles de cebo. (C) 2004 Society of Chemical Industry.We wish to thank Hiper-Riego and Jose Soler for lending their orchards for the field trial. Francisco Cuenca helped with the monitoring of punctured fruit. This research was funded by the Conseller´ıa de Agricultura de la Generalitat Valenciana, and Fundacion Jose y Ana Rollo. We also thank Fernando ´ Alfaro Lassala for his advice in field trial methodologyNavarro-Llopis, V.; Sanchis Cabanes, J.; Ayala Mingol, I.; Casaña Giner, V.; Primo Yufera, E. (2004). Efficacy of lufenuron as chemosterilant against Ceratitis capitata in field trials. Pest Management Science. 60(9):914-920. doi:10.1002/ps.902S91492060

TIVMETIX OD – Ein Sulfonylharnstoff-basiertes Herbizid mit verbesserter Wirksamkeit durch neue Öl-Dispersions (OD)-Formulierungstechnologie

TIVMETIX OD ist ein neuartiges Öl-Dispersions (OD)-Nachauflauf-Herbizid zur Frühjahrsanwendung (BBCH 13-39) gegen breitblättrige Unkräuter in Winter- und Sommerweizen, Winter- und Sommergerste, Winterroggen und Triticale. Mit der neuen, von GAT Microencapsulation entwickelten und patentierten OD-Technologie konnten die Sulfonylharnstoffe Thifensulfuron-methyl (190 g/L) und Metsulfuron-methyl (19 g/L) in einer flüssigen OD-Formulierung kombiniert werden. Dies garantiert eine hohe Sicherheit sowie eine verbesserte Anwenderfreundlichkeit und Dosierbarkeit. Staubbildung wird ausgeschlossen und Probleme der elektrostatischen Aufladung von Granulaten oder Pulvern oder die Gefahr der Verfrachtung durch Wind treten nicht auf. In TIVMETIX OD sind wirkungsverstärkende Hilfsstoffe wie Netzmittel oder Adjuvantien Bestandteile der Formulierung. Auf der Blattoberfläche des Schadorganismus wird so ein gemeinsamer Film aus Öl, Netzmittel und Adjuvantien gebildet und durch deren direktes Zusammenspiel eine erhöhte Wirkstoffaufnahme erzielt. Dadurch kann der Wirkstoffaufwand pro Hektar, bei gleicher Wirksamkeit wie bei Referenzprodukten, um bis zu 36 % reduziert werden. Zusätzlich kann TIVMETIX OD mit einer Reihe anderer Herbizide gemischt bzw. in einer Sequenz angewendet werden. Des Weiteren zeigt TIVMETIX OD keine Effekte auf den Nachbau von verschiedensten Kulturpflanzen.TIVMETIX OD – A Sulfonylurea-based Herbicide with improved efficacy through novel oil dispersion (OD) formulation technologyTIVMETIX OD is a novel oil dispersion (OD) post-emergence herbicide for the spring application (BBCH 13-39) against broad-leafed weeds in all varieties of winter and spring wheat, winter and spring barley, winter rye and triticale. With the new GAT-developed and patented OD technology the sulfonylureas thifensulfuron-methyl (190 g/L) and metsulfuron-methyl (19 g/L) could be combined in a liquid OD formulation. This guarantees a high level of safety and increased user friendliness and simplified dosing. Dust formation is avoided and problems of electrostatic charging of granulates and powders, or the transportation by wind do not occur. In TIVMETIX OD, the enhancing ingredients as oil, agents and adjuvants constitute part of its formulation. Excellent film forming properties on the leaf surface of the weeds result in their direct and enhanced interaction, thus leading to increased uptake of the active substances. Therefore, the amount of active substance per hectare could be reduced by up to 36 % while efficacy is maintained at a level which is at least equivalent to reference products. Furthermore, TIVMETIX OD can be used in mixture or sequence with a variety of other herbicides and does not show an effect on succeeding crops

Safety, Fear and Neuromuscular Responses after a Resisted Knee Extension Performed to Failure in Patients with Severe Haemophilia

Background: low–moderate intensity strength training to failure increases strength and muscle hypertrophy in healthy people. However, no study assessed the safety and neuromuscular response of training to failure in people with severe haemophilia (PWH). The purpose of the study was to analyse neuromuscular responses, fear of movement, and possible adverse effects in PWH, after knee extensions to failure. Methods: twelve severe PWH in prophylactic treatment performed knee extensions until failure at an intensity of five on the Borg CR10 scale. Normalised values of amplitude (nRMS) and neuromuscular fatigue were determined using surface electromyography for the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis. After the exercise, participants were asked about their perceived change in fear of movement, and to report any possible adverse effects. Results: Patients reported no adverse effects or increased fear. The nRMS was maximal for all the muscles before failure, the median frequency decreased, and wavelet index increased during the repetitions. The vastus lateralis demonstrated a higher maximum nRMS threshold and earlier fatigue, albeit with a lower and more progressive overall fatigue. Conclusions: severe PWH with adequate prophylactic treatment can perform knee extensions to task failure using a moderate intensity, without increasing fear of movement, or adverse effects

EMG, Rate of Perceived Exertion, Pain, Tolerability and Possible Adverse Effects of a Knee Extensor Exercise with Progressive Elastic Resistance in Patients with Severe Haemophilia

In people with haemophilia (PWH), elastic band training is considered an optimal option, even though the literature is scarce. The aim was to evaluate normalized electromyographic amplitude (nEMG), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), pain, tolerability, and possible adverse effects during the knee extension exercise using multiple elastic resistance intensities in PWH. During a single session, 14 severe PWH undergoing prophylactic treatment performed knee extensions without resistance and with different intensity levels of elastic resistance. nEMG was measured for the knee extensors and participants rated their RPE, tolerability and pain intensity after each condition. Patients had to report the possible adverse effects after the session. In most of the cases, an nEMG increase is only evidenced after increasing the resistance by two to three levels. Significant associations were found between RPE and the nEMG (ρ = 0.61), as well as between the elastic resistance level and nEMG (ρ = 0.69) and RPE (ρ = 0.71). All conditions were generally tolerated, without increased pain, and no adverse effects were reported. A wide variety of elastic resistance intensities during the knee extension are safe, tolerated, and do not increase knee pain in the majority of severe PWH undergoing prophylactic treatment

Implication of SAR of male medfly attractants in insect olfaction

[EN] Medfly (Ceratitis capitata) males are strongly attracted by different compounds, not described as pheromones. The best attractants reported are (+)-alpha-copaene, a sesquiterpene of natural source and (-)-ceralure-B1, a non-natural iodinated cyclohexane ester. Although their origin, atomic composition, chemical and physical properties are rather different, they show similar attraction to medflies. The question of why these compounds, act behaviorally in the same way, has been never addressed in research papers. We show here for the first time that these compounds have quite similar stereochemistry, water accessible surfaces, certain local dipole moments and, to some extent, similar octanol/water partition coefficient (log P). When seven carbons, one oxygen and one iodine belonging to (-)-ceralure-B1 are selectively chosen based on topological homology with (+)-alpha-copaene and are overlaid with nine corresponding carbons of (+)-alpha-copaene, the RMS is 0.367 Angstrom. This represents a high degree of steric resemblance. Local dipole moments and charges are similar in those regions where the molecules show topological homologies. Thus, we hypothesize that these two molecules could interact with the same male medfly's odorant receptor(s). The implications of this result in future research in insect olfaction is discussed.Casaña Giner, V.; Levi, V.; Navarro-Llopis, V.; Jang, E. (2002). Implication of SAR of male medfly attractants in insect olfaction. SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research. 13(7-8):629-640. doi:10.1080/1062936021000043382S629640137-

Mediterranean fruit fly suppression using chemosterilants for area-wide integrated pest management

This is the accepted version of the following article: Navarro Llopis, V.; Domínguez Ruiz, J.; Zarzo Castelló, M.; Alfaro Cañamás, C.; Primo Millo, J. (2010). Mediterranean fruit fly suppression using chemosterilants for area-wide integrated pest management. Pest Management Science. 66(5):511-519. doi:10.1002/ps.1901.], which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.1901BACKGROUND: The chemosterilisation technique has been demonstrated to reduce the population and fruit damage of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in citrus orchards. Field trials showed efficacy by reducing the fruit fly population, which was progressively achieved by continuous application of lufenuron to several generations. Different authors have suggested that field trials should be carried out in isolated or wide areas in order to reduce fruit fly intrusion and obtain best results. To this end, a wide-area trial over 3600 hectares has been under investigation in Valencia (Spain) since 2002 to validate the chemosterilisation technique against the fruit fly. The whole area was treated with 24 traps ha−1, using more than 86 000 traps in the field trial. RESULTS: A continuous decrease in fruit fly population was observed over the 4 years under trial. Moreover, results showed a significant reduction in persimmon damage in the chemosterilant treatment area compared with a malathion aerial treatment area. In the case of citrus damage, no significant differences were obtained between malathion and chemosterilant treatments. CONCLUSION: The chemosterilantmethod reducesMediterranean fruit fly populations, and therefore it is a candidate treatment to replace aerial treatments with insecticides in order to suppress this pest. In addition, the efficacy of chemosterilant treatment is increasing year after year. The possibility of using this technique combined with other control methods is discussed. c 2010 Society of Chemical IndustryThe authors would like to thank the CASB and CANSO cooperatives, and especially Carlos Monza and Vicent Tarazona, for their help in logistics for trap distribution. We would also like to thank the R&D+I Linguistic Assistance Office at their university for their help in revising and correcting the manuscript. This research has been supported by 'Fundacion Jose y Ana Royo', 'Conselleria d'Agricultura, Peixca i Alimentacio-GVA' and 'Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion' project number AGL2006-13346-C02-02.Navarro Llopis, V.; Domínguez Ruiz, J.; Zarzo Castelló, M.; Alfaro Cañamás, C.; Primo Millo, J. (2010). Mediterranean fruit fly suppression using chemosterilants for area-wide integrated pest management. Pest Management Science. 66(5):511-519. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.1901S511519665Magaña, C., Hernández-Crespo, P., Ortego, F., & Castañera, P. (2007). Resistance to Malathion in Field Populations of Ceratitis capitata. Journal of Economic Entomology, 100(6), 1836-1843. doi:10.1093/jee/100.6.1836Peck, S. L., & McQuate, G. T. (2000). Field Tests of Environmentally Friendly Malathion Replacements to Suppress Wild Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Populations. Journal of Economic Entomology, 93(2), 280-289. doi:10.1603/0022-0493-93.2.280DeLury, N. C., Thistlewood, H., & Routledge, R. (2009). Phytotoxicity of GF-120®NF Naturalyte®fruit fly bait carrier on sweet cherry (Prunus aviumL.) foliage. Pest Management Science, 65(1), 52-59. doi:10.1002/ps.1644Hargrove, J. W., & Langley, P. A. (1990). Sterilizing tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae) in the field: a successful trial. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 80(4), 397-403. doi:10.1017/s0007485300050653Langley, P. A. (1995). Evaluation of the chitin synthesis inhibitor triflumuron for controlling the tsetse Glossina morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 85(4), 495-500. doi:10.1017/s0007485300032971Sarasua, M. J., & Santiago-Alvarez, C. (1983). Effect of diflubenzuron on the fecundity of Ceratitis capitata. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 33(2), 223-225. doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1983.tb03260.xBudia, F., & Viñuela, E. (1996). Effects of Cyromazine on Adult C. capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Mortality and Reproduction. Journal of Economic Entomology, 89(4), 826-831. doi:10.1093/jee/89.4.826Oouchi, H., & Langley, P. (2005). Control of Greenhouse Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) Using Visually Attractive Targets Impregnated with Pyriproxyfen. Journal of Pesticide Science, 30(1), 50-52. doi:10.1584/jpestics.30.50Richardson, M. L., & Lagos, D. M. (2007). Effects of a juvenile hormone analogue, pyriproxyfen, on the apterous form of soybean aphid (Aphis glycines). Journal of Applied Entomology, 131(5), 297-302. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.2007.01163.xZapata, N., Budia, F., Viñuela, E., & Medina, P. (2006). Laboratory evaluation of natural pyrethrins, pymetrozine and triflumuron as alternatives to controlCeratitis capitata adults. Phytoparasitica, 34(4), 420-427. doi:10.1007/bf02981029Casaña-Giner, V., Gandía-Balaguer, A., Mengod-Puerta, C., Primo-Millo, J., & Primo-Yúfera, E. (1999). Insect Growth Regulators as Chemosterilants for Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 92(2), 303-308. doi:10.1093/jee/92.2.303Navarro-Llopis, V., Sanchis-Cabanes, J., Ayala, I., Casaña-Giner, V., & Primo-Yúfera, E. (2004). Efficacy of lufenuron as chemosterilant againstCeratitis capitata in field trials. Pest Management Science, 60(9), 914-920. doi:10.1002/ps.902Navarro-Llopis, V., Sanchis, J., Primo-Millo, J., & Primo-Yúfera, E. (2007). Chemosterilants as control agents of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in field trials. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 97(4), 359-368. doi:10.1017/s0007485307005081Muñoz-Pallares, J., Corma, A., Primo, J., & Primo-Yufera, E. (2001). Zeolites as Pheromone Dispensers. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(10), 4801-4807. doi:10.1021/jf010223oDomínguez-Ruiz, J., Sanchis, J., Navarro-Llopis, V., & Primo, J. (2008). A New Long-Life Trimedlure Dispenser for Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101(4), 1325-1330. doi:10.1093/jee/101.4.1325Navarro-Llopis, V., Alfaro, F., Domínguez, J., Sanchis, J., & Primo, J. (2008). Evaluation of Traps and Lures for Mass Trapping of Mediterranean Fruit Fly in Citrus Groves. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101(1), 126-131. doi:10.1093/jee/101.1.126Abbott, W. S. (1925). A Method of Computing the Effectiveness of an Insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18(2), 265-267. doi:10.1093/jee/18.2.265aKnipling, E. F. (1972). ENTOMOLOGY AND THE MANAGEMENT OF MAN’S ENVIRONMENT. Australian Journal of Entomology, 11(3), 153-167. doi:10.1111/j.1440-6055.1972.tb01618.xMangan, R. L., Moreno, D. S., & Thompson, G. D. (2006). Bait dilution, spinosad concentration, and efficacy of GF-120 based fruit fly sprays. Crop Protection, 25(2), 125-133. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2005.03.012Hargrove, J. W., & Langley, P. A. (1993). A field trial of pyriproxyfen-treated targets as an alternative method for controlling tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 83(3), 361-368. doi:10.1017/s0007485300029254Asquith, A., & Messing, R. H. (1992). Attraction of Hawaiian Ground Litter Invertebrates to Protein Hydrolysate Bait. Environmental Entomology, 21(5), 1022-1028. doi:10.1093/ee/21.5.1022Hoelmer, K. A., & Dahlsten, D. L. (1993). Effects of Malathion Bait Spray on Aleyrodes spiraeoides (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and Its Parasitoids in Northern California. Environmental Entomology, 22(1), 49-56. doi:10.1093/ee/22.1.49Berrada, H., Fernández, M., Ruiz, M. J., Moltó, J. C., & Mañes, J. (2006). Exposure assessment of fruits contaminated with pesticide residues from Valencia, 2001– 03. Food Additives and Contaminants, 23(7), 674-682. doi:10.1080/02652030600599132Hendrichs, J., Robinson, A. S., Cayol, J. P., & Enkerlin, W. (2002). MEDFLY AREAWIDE STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE PROGRAMMES FOR PREVENTION, SUPPRESSION OR ERADICATION: THE IMPORTANCE OF MATING BEHAVIOR STUDIES. Florida Entomologist, 85(1), 1-13. doi:10.1653/0015-4040(2002)085[0001:masitp]2.0.co;

SIMBOSPROST: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis in prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy: A multicentre, cross-sectional study

AimTo assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoporosis in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) treated with radical radiotherapy (RT) with or without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).BackgroundWorldwide, the prevalence of MetS is estimated to range from 20% to 25% of the adult population. However, prevalence rates are much higher in PCa patients (pts) who undergo ADT.Materials and methodsMulticentre cross-sectional study of 270 pts in Spain with PCa. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the duration of ADT (6, 12–18, ≥24 months) and compared to a control group without ADT. MetS was defined according to NCEP ATP III criteria. Osteoporosis was assessed by DEXA.ResultsA total of 270 pts, treated from November 2011 to October 2012, were included. Of these, 122 pts (47%) fulfilled the criteria for MetS. The median age of this group was significantly higher (71.3 vs. 69.38 years, p[[ce:hsp sp="0.25"/]]=[[ce:hsp sp="0.25"/]]0.028). MetS prevalence was 50% in the control group. In pts who received ADT, prevalence was 44.8% after 6 months of ADT, 45.3% after 12–18 months, and 50% after ≥24 months (pns). Most pts (168/270; 62%) underwent DEXA. Of those tested, 78 (46.4%) had osteopenia and only 11 (6.5%) had osteoporosis.ConclusionsThe prevalence of MetS in pts with PCa treated with radical RT was higher (47%) than in the general population. However, there were no significant differences in the duration of ADT administration. The prevalence of osteoporosis was low. These findings suggest that the prevalence of MetS in PCa patients may be higher than previously reported

Plant chemicals and the sexual behavior of male tephritid fruit flies

Plant compounds affect insects in many different ways. In addition to being a food source, plants also contain secondary metabolites that may have positive and negative impacts on insects. The influence of these compounds on sexual behavior, in particular, has been the focus of many recent studies. Here, we review the existing literature on the effects of plant compounds on the sexual behavior of tephritid fruit fly males. We put special focus on polyphagous species whose males congregate in leks, where females exert strong mate selection. We first summarize the main findings related to plant compounds that increase male signaling behavior and attraction of females and consequently increase mating frequency, a phenomenon that has been recorded mainly for species of Anastrepha and Ceratitis. In other tephritid species, males are attracted to phenylpropanoids produced by plants (such as methyl eugenol or raspberry ketone) that, upon encounter, are consumed and sequestered by males. These compounds, or metabolic derivatives, which normally have negligible nutritional value, are included in the pheromone and also confer advantages in a sexual context: enhanced female attraction and improved male mating success. These phenomena have been reported for several Bactrocera species as well as for Zeugodacus cucurbitae. Because many tephritid species are serious pests, the effect of plant compounds on male behavior has been explored for potential incorporation into control strategies such as the sterile insect technique (SIT). We conclude noting several factors, such as age and nutrition during larval and adult stage, that modulate the effect of plant compounds on male mating behavior as well as some prominent gaps that preclude a thorough understanding of the plant-mediated enhancement of male sexual performance and hence limit our ability to effectively utilize phytochemicals in pest control strategies.Instituto de GenéticaFil: Segura, Diego Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Genética de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Belliard, Silvina A. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Genética de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Vera, María Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Bachmann, Guillermo Enrique. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Genética de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, María Josefina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Jofre-Barud, Flavia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Patricia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, M. Liza. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Shelly, Todd E. United States Department of Agriculture. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; Estados Unido

Método para controlar una plaga de tefritidos.

Fecha de solicitud: 15.04.1999.- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.[EN]Disclosed is a method for controlling a Medfly pest, whereby ingestion of an efficient amount of at least one benzoylphenyl urea is provoked. Said benzoylphenyl urea contains formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 are selected from the group consisting of Cl, F, H and R10 is a fluorinated aliphatic chain having x to y carbon atoms. Said benzoylphenyl urea is preferably used in combination with a food bait. The association of the combined food bait and benzoylphenyl urea with a specific attractant for individuals of the pest to be controlled is particularly effective. Said method also makes it possible to obtain sterile male medflies in captivity which are then released in the fields to compete with indigenous males for copulation with indigenous females thus controlling the spread of the pest. [ES] Se divulga un método para controlar una plaga Mosca del Mediterráneo, por el que la ingestión de una cantidad eficaz de al menos una de urea benzoilfenil es provocado. urea dijo benzoilfenil contiene la fórmula (I), en donde R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 y R9 se seleccionan del grupo formado por Cl, F, H y R10 es una cadena fluorados alifáticos xay átomos de carbono. Dicho benzoilfenil urea se utiliza preferiblemente en combinación con un cebo alimentario. La asociación de la carnada de alimentos combinados y urea benzoilfenil con un atrayente específico para los individuos de la plaga a controlar es particularmente eficaz. Dicho método permite también obtener estéril mosca de la fruta macho en cautividad que se liberan en los campos de competir con los hombres indígenas para la cópula con mujeres indígenas, por lo tanto el control de la propagación de la plaga.Peer reviewe