Análise sócio-desenvolvimental do crescimento evangélico no Brasil

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Departamento de Sociologia, 2007.Partindo da teoria da escolha racional e dos estudos sociológicos e administrativos sobre as organizações, elaboramos esta tese de doutorado tematizando o campo religioso brasileiro. Este trabalho faz uma recapitulação da historia desenvolvimental da esfera religiosa brasileira, sobretudo do cristianismo e reinterpreta os dados encontrados a partir da teoria da escolha racional e das teorias do mercado religioso. Mostramos a importância da quebra do monopólio religioso para a dinamização da economia religiosa brasileira, a instalação das primeiras firmas religiosas evangélicas concorrentes do catolicismo. Indicamos algumas das conseqüências dessa quebra ao longo do século XX na própria sociedade, na mentalidade dos agentes religiosos, na visão de mundo dos indivíduos potencialmente interessados em bens religiosos e finalmente nas instituições produtoras de bens de salvação. Evidencia-se que o processo de pluralismo religioso e liberdade religiosa se desenvolveram exponencialmente ao longo do século passado, em todas as regiões do Brasil. O resultado de tal processo foi um aprofundamento das transformações dentro das organizações religiosas com o intuito de batalharem para não desaparecerem no meio da concorrência. Ligado a isso, houve uma transformação significativa na forma como os indivíduos se relacionam com as instituições religiosas. O fiel transformou-se em consumidor de bens religiosos. Ao mesmo tempo, inúmeros modelos organizacionais apareceram substituindo formas arcaicas de pouco eficientes de administração religiosa e de manutenção da clientela. Nesse processo, ao longo do século duas instituições evangélicas se destacam: a Assembléia de Deus e a Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus. Na última parte deste trabalho analisamos os modelos organizacionais dessas duas instituições indicando qual delas encontra-se em descompasso com a atual economia religiosa brasileira, vivenciando uma crise interna. Do outro lado, observa-se como a sua concorrente tem crescido, fruto de modelos administrativos de tipo racional-instrumental. De um modo geral percebe-se um processo de empresarização das firmas religiosas de salvação que são constrangidas, pelas próprias demandas do mercado a racionalizarem cada vez mais seus processos administrativos, e conclui-se que, no concorrido mercado religioso brasileiro, o espírito do capitalismo norteia a conduta de algumas das igrejas evangélicas. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis doctoral thesis about the brazilian religious field has been elaborated on the basis of rational choice theory and sociological and administrative studies about organizations. At the beginnig, it reviews the developmental history of brazilian religious sphere., specially regarding Christianity, showing the data from the viewpoint of rational choice theory and religious market theory. We assume the importance of the breaking of brazilian religious monopoly, which happened at the end of 19th century, and the setting up of the very first evangelical religious firms to compete with Catholicism. We show some consequences of this rupture, which happens along the 20th century, in society itself, in the mentality of religious agents, in the worldview of individuals potentially interested in religious goods and in the institutions which produce religious goods. It becomes clear that religious pluralism and religious freedom have greatly developed along the last century in the whole brazilian territory. The outcome of such a process was a deepening of changes in those religious organizations which were striving for not to disappear amidst concurrence. Connected to that, we observe an important change in the way individuals handle with religious institutions. The believer has become a consumer for religious goods. At the same time, many organizational models appeared, replacing old and less effective forms of religious administration and the maintenance of consumers. In this process, two evangelical institutions have developed special importance: the Assembléia de Deus and the Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus. In the last part of this study we analyze the organizational models of both institutions, showing that one of them does not manage to fit in the contemporary brazilian religious economy, experiencing an internal crisis. At the same time, we observe the growth of the concurrent firm due to the use of adminstrative models of theleological-rationality type. We can see a process of “becoming enterprises” going on with salvational religious firms, which are constrained, by the demands of market itself, to rationalize , more and more, its administrative processes. It is reasonable to assume that, in the competitive brazilian religious market, the spirit of capitalism rules over some evangelical churches. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMÉEn partant de la théorie de le choix rationel et des études sociologiques et administratives à l’égard des organizations, nous avons elaboré cette thèse de doctorat ayant par thème le champ religieux brésilien. Ce travail fait une récapitulation de l’histoire du développement de la sphère religieuse brésiliènne, surtout du christianisme et il réinterprète les données trouvées à partir de la théorie de le choix rationel et des théories du marché religieux. Nous avons montré l’importance de la chute du monopole religieux pour la dinamization de l’économie religieuse brésilienne, et pour la création des premières entreprises religieuses évangéliques, concurrentes du catolicisme. Nous avons montré quelques conséquences de cette chute, tout au long du XXème siècle, dans la societé même, dans l’ésprit des agents religieux, dans la vision du monde des personnes potentielment intérressées en biens religieux et, dernièrement, dans les intitutions qui produisent des biens de salut. Il se fait claire que le processus de pluralisme religieux et liberte religieuse se développe exponentielment tout au long de dernier siècle, en toutes les régions du Brésil. Le resultat de telle procéedure a été des transformations très accentuées dans les organizations religieuses, en vue de luter pour ne pas disparaitre vis-à-vis la concurrence. Em liaison, il y a été des transformations significatives dans la forme comme les individus mantient ses relations avec les institutions religieuses. Le fidel s’est échangé en consommateur de biens religieux. Lors que de grand nombre de modèles d’organizations ont apparue pour se mettre à la place de formes arcaïques et peu efficaces d’administration religieuse et de maintien de la clientèle. En rapport à ces événements arrivés pendant le dernier siècle, on doit detacher deux intituitions évangéliques: l’Assemblée de Dieu et l’Église Universel du Royaume de Dieu. À la dernière partie de ce travail, nous avons analisé les modèles d’organisation de ces deux institutions, en montrant les quelles parmi les deux est en desaccord à l’actuel économie religieuse brésilienne e qui vit une crise interieure. D’autre coté, on observe que leur concourente a beaucoup crue, fruit des modèles rationel-instrumental d’administration. D’une manière general, on percevoit un procédure de rendre entreprise les institutions religieuses de salut, qui sont contraint, en vue des démandes du marché, à rationaliser, de plus en plus, ses procès administratives. Nous avons conclu que, dans le concouri marche religieux brésilien, l’ésprit du capitalisme sert du nord à la condute de quelques églises évangéliques

O mercado de trabalho médico no Maranhão: interiorização de cursos de medicina, de profissionais formados e a constituição de um mercado de saúde privada

Almost ten years after the creation of the More Doctors Program (MDP), Brazil is started to feel some of the results of the long-term goals proposed by this public policy. The present reflection focuses on analyzing important consequences of the expansion of the medical workforce in the country and, especially, in Maranhão. The internalization of medical courses and new trained professionals is examined. The variables that are forcing these professionals to settle in medium-sized urban centers are analyzed, as well as the saturation of the market in the capitals. The consequences for the small towns of Maranhão from the increase in this workforce are evaluated. What is the profile of the professionals who choose the interior of State to build a career and what is the achieved remuneration? The reflection concludes by noting the increase in pressure from the public and private sector on medical work and the expansion of the private market for medical assistance in medium-sized urban centers as a new frontier of the capital.Casi diez años después de la creación del Programa Mais Médicos, Brasil comienza a experimentar algunos de los resultados de los objetivos de largo plazo propuestos por esta política pública. La presente reflexión se centra en analizar consecuencias importantes de la expansión de la fuerza laboral médica en el país y, especialmente, en Maranhão. Se examina la internalización de cursos de medicina y nuevos profesionales formados. Se analizan las variables que están obligando a estos profesionales a instalarse en centros urbanos medianos, así como la saturación del mercado en las capitales. Se evalúan las consecuencias para los pequeños municipios de Maranhão del aumento de esa mano de obra. ¿Cuál es el perfil de los profesionales que eligen el interior del estado para hacer carrera y cuál es la remuneración que logran? La reflexión concluye señalando el aumento de la presión del sector público y privado sobre el trabajo médico y la expansión del mercado de atención médica privada en centros urbanos medianos como la nueva frontera del capital.Près de dix ans après la création du programme Mais Médicos, le Brésil a commencé à ressentir certains des résultats des objectifs à long terme proposés par cette politique publique. La présente réflexion se concentre sur l'analyse des conséquences importantes de l'expansion de la main-d'œuvre médicale dans le pays et, en particulier, dans le Maranhão. L'internalisation des cursus de médecine et les nouveaux professionnels formés sont examinés. Les variables qui poussent ces professionnels à s'installer dans les centres urbains moyens sont analysées, ainsi que la saturation du marché dans les capitales. Les conséquences pour les petites municipalités du Maranhão de l'augmentation de cette main-d'œuvre ont été évaluées. Quel est le profil des professionnels qui choisissent l'intérieur de l'état pour y faire carrière et quelle est la rémunération qu'ils obtiennent ? La réflexion se conclut en signalant l'augmentation de la pression du secteur public et privé sur le travail médical et l'expansion du marché privé des soins médicaux dans les centres urbains moyens comme la nouvelle frontière de la capitale.Quase dez anos após a criação do Programa Mais Médicos, o Brasil começa a sentir alguns dos resultados dos objetivos de longo prazo propostos por esta política pública. A presente reflexão debruça-se a analisar importantes consequências da ampliação da mão de obra médica no país e, especialmente, no Maranhão. Examina-se a interiorização dos cursos de medicina e dos novos profissionais formados. Analisam-se as variáveis que estão obrigando a fixação desses profissionais nos médios centros urbanos, assim como a saturação do mercado nas capitais. Avaliam-se as consequências para as pequenas cidades maranhenses do aumento dessa mão obra. Qual o perfil dos profissionais que escolhem o interior do estado para construir carreira e qual a remuneração alcançada? Finaliza-se a reflexão constatando o aumento da pressão do setor público e privado sobre o trabalho médico e a ampliação do mercado privado de assistência médica nos médios centros urbanos como nova fronteira do capital

The middle east 3 : a sentiment analysis on airline customer reviews

Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Information Management, specialization in Marketing IntelligenceAlong with the exponential growth of social media, the world has taken a turn, and we are no longer limited to the knowledge of our network of friends and family. Word-of-Mouth became especially relevant since travel services are intangible products and when the customers are unfamiliar with a service provider they rely on sources with experience to lower their scepticism. Online reviews are important sources of the consumer experience that can be explored to get valuable insights. Sentiment analysis has been applied to almost any field of study including tourism and hospitality. The Airline industry revenues come mostly from air passengers, and the most significant impact of research on airline service quality comes from the combination of the customer’s real experience and satisfaction. This dissertation has the goal to understand the polarity distribution on the aspects that influenced the three biggest Middle Eastern airlines customer’s satisfaction from 2014 to 2016, on Skytrax and if that polarity found on Skytrax matches the one found on TripAdvisor for 2016. The database was extracted with a web scraper and analysed with Excel Add-in from MeaningCloud. In-flight Entertainment revealed to be the aspect with the most positive sentiment for Emirates and Etihad Airways, while for Qatar Airways the strength is on the Employees aspect. The Convenience of the Flight Schedule was an issue for the reviewers regardless of the airline

The use of gamification on cybersecurity awareness of healthcare professionals

This work is partially financed by national funds through Concurso Interno de Projetos de Investigação, Desenvolvimento, Inovação e Criação Artística (ID&CA) from Polytechnical Institute of Lisbon under the project IPL/2022/HeCyGame_ESTeSL.Cybersecurity has a major impact on the healthcare sector, mainly due to the sensitive data and vital medical devices that, when an attack occurs, may compromise the patient's life, safety, and well-being. However, those institutions fail to implement correct system protection policies and provide adequate programs for cybersecurity training and raising cybersecurity awareness. Healthcare professionals develop their academic courses focusing on providing the best care for the patients, studying guidelines, treatment protocols, and diagnostic criteria. However, there are insufficient subjects dedicated to the development of digital literacy to match the requisites of the daily challenges of those professionals, with human error being the main cause of data breaches worldwide. So, developing training programs to face the cybersecurity day-to-day threats is mandatory. Broadly speaking, traditional training programs seem to fail to retain students’ motivation, engagement, and long-term knowledge acquisition, being time-consuming and challenging in scheduling and planning. To face this situation, new techniques, such as gamification, have emerged, with promising results on motivation and engagement, allowing the users to be the center of the training programs, matching the strategy to their levels of knowledge and preferences. This paper aims to identify the existing gamified approaches available, review the state-of-the-art related to gamification and cybersecurity training, and elaborate on how they can be successfully applied to training programs for healthcare professionals.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Assessment of equalization effects of government transfers to Portuguese municipalities using panel data methodologies

The equalization effects of transfer systems has been the subject of analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of redistribution policies and of the adequacy of revenue sharing mechanisms in providing sub national governments with adequate resources to undertake their public responsibilities. Achieving vertical and horizontal equalization among municipalities is an important issue both for long-term growth and financial stability. Reducing horizontal and vertical dissimilarities and promoting efficiency and equity is a common objective of the systems set up in many countries. In this regard, Portugal is no exception having introduced several reforms in the transfer system since the final decades of the 20th Century. Using panel data for all the municipalities, for the 1997-2010 period, this paper tests and evaluates whether there has been an equalization effect in the system of transfers to the municipalities. It also tests whether the various regulatory changes introduced improved or worsened the equalization effects. The use of panel data models permitted the use of a larger number of observations, increasing the number of degrees of freedom and decreasing collinearity between the explanatory variables as well as a better control for unobserved heterogeneity. The results show that on average the municipalities with the highest GDP per capita and own revenues per capita receive more transfers per capita, which suggests that the system does not contribute to equalization. It is also concluded that the successive changes of the system, namely those undertaken in 1998 and 2007, were significant in improving the equalization impact of the system.N/

The virtual token-passing Ethernet implementation and experimental results

This paper presents the design and first experimental results of VTPE (Virtual Token-passing Ethernet). VTPE \nis a deterministic protocol for real-time applications based on shared Ethernet, aimed to be used either in small \nprocessing power processors or in powerful ones. It is based on implicit token rotation similar to the virtual \ntoken-passing used in the P-NET protocol. The VTPE implementation leads to reduced program code, thus \nfitting in small microcontrollers' memory and imposing low communication overhead. \

The roles of nutrients and herbivory in controlling the microbioerosion of tropical reefs

Coral reefs worldwide are suffering degradation from increasing fishing pressure, pollution, diseases, and coral bleaching. One important ecological consequence of such degradation is an increase in biological erosion, or bioerosion, of the coral framework by boring and grazing organisms. Therefore, it has become essential to understand the factors that control the processes and agents of bioerosion. The aim of my dissertation is to understand how organic and inorganic nutrients and herbivory affect the bioerosion of carbonate substrates by microbial endolithic organisms (bacteria, fungi and algae), an often overlooked component of bioerosion processes in coral reefs. Results of controlled experiments using herbivore-exclusion cages and fertilizers at Glovers Reef, Belize consistently showed significant effect of nutrients in stimulating microbial endoliths' substrate colonization and bioerosion rates of Strombus gigas shells. The addition of inorganic nutrients increased bioerosion rates by a factor of 8 to 15 in comparison to control treatments. Changes in nutrient ratios changed microbial endolithic community structure. The addition of nitrogen alone or in combination with phosphorus stimulated green algae, the addition of phosphorus alone stimulated cyanobacteria, and the addition of organic matter alone stimulated fungi. The inclusion of herbivores reduced observed bioerosion rates by half, demonstrating the importance of herbivory in modifying bioerosion processes. Field experiments on the relationship between water quality and the amount of microbioerosion in Lambis chiragra shells in nine coral reefs in East Africa demonstrated that other factors within reefs may interact with nutrients in determining bioerosion rates. Results suggested that epilithic algal cover, particularly crustose coralline algae, may decrease microborer colonization and bioerosion rates by reducing light conditions within substrates, so that no direct effects of nutrients on bioerosion rates are detected. A critical review of the evidence for nutrients as a primary control of bioerosion by different bioeroder groups (microborers, macroborers, and grazers) suggests that macroborer abundances reflect increases in nutrient conditions and may therefore represent a useful indicator of eutrophication and coral reef "health". This dissertation contributes to a better understanding of the factors affecting bioerosion by microbial endolithic organisms, which are important but often overlooked agents of bioerosion in coral reefs

A Confissão como fio condutor : da sujeição à subjetivação no pensamento de Michel Foucault

Orientador: Prof. Dr. André de Macedo DuarteAutor não autorizou a divulgação do arquivo digitalDissertaçao (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia. Defesa: Curitiba, 05/12/2014Inclui referênciasÁrea de concentração: Ética e políticaResumo: Partindo do notório deslocamento, não só temático mas metodológico e conceitual, ocorrido entre o primeiro volume da história da sexualidade de Michel Foucault, A vontade de saber, e seus dois volumes subsequentes, O uso dos prazeres e O cuidado de si, propõe-se tomar a problemática da confissão enquanto fio condutor capaz de elucidar os principais movimentos teóricos ocorridos durante esse ínterim. No centro desse deslocamento, acreditamos que se encontra o movimento teórico que vai da noção de poder-saber para a de governo pela verdade, o qual, por sua vez, manifesta o alargamento de horizontes que possibilitou a transição do filósofo de seus estudos sobre a sexualidade moderna, passando pelas pesquisas sobre os modos aleturgicos e de veridicção, até a ética dos prazeres na antiguidade. No primeiro capítulo, analisamos o aparecimento da noção de confissão no contexto da proposta de uma história da sexualidade e da analítica do poder, tal como estabelecido nos anos de 1975 e 1976, respectivamente, em Os anormais e em A vontade de saber. No segundo capítulo, a partir sobretudo do curso Segurança, território, população, abordamos a confissão sob o arcabouço do conceito de governo, a partir do qual Foucault se afasta de uma concepção de poder enquanto correlação de forças rumo a uma genealogia do governo dos homens, entendido enquanto condução de condutas. No terceiro capítulo nos ocupamos do curso Du gouvernement des vivants, onde a confissão aparece no centro da grade conceitualmetodológica do "governo pela verdade na forma da subjetividade". Este eixo é fundamental à genealogia dos modos de veridicção, isto é, dos modos aletúrgicos pesquisados por Foucault nos anos 1980, em que o problema do sujeito, da subjetivação e da ética são explicitamente abordados. Palavras-chave: Foucault; confissão ; veridicção; aleturgia; verdade; governo.Abstract: The Dissertation takes as its point of departure the discussion of the thematic, methodological as well as the conceptual shift occurred between the publication of volume I of Michel Foucault's History of Sexuality, and its two subsequent volumes. Our hypothesis is that the phenomenon of confession would be an important guideline to understand the theoretical moves that led the author from his previous researches on the power-knowledge relations to his later concerns on truth governing. This is the theoretical context in which Foucault placed his new interrogations concerning sexuality, overcoming his previous ideas concerning modern sexuality in order to understand certain features of sexuality in Ancient times. In the course of this theoretical shift, Foucault became interested in the question of ancient alethurgic modes of veridiction and the Antiquity's pleasure ethics. In chapter one, I discuss Foucault's understanding of confession as it appeared in the broad context of his analysis of power-knowledge relations, both in volume I of his History of Sexuality and in his Lecture course titled The Abnormals, respectively from 1976 and 1975. In chapter two, I discuss confession as it appears in the Lecture course titled Security, Territory, Population, where it is analyzed under the new conceptual framework of governance and governmentality. It is at this moment that Foucault departs from his previous understanding of power in terms of confronting power relations to understand it in terms of governing, understood as the practices that enable one to conduct its own and the others' conducts. In chapter three I discuss some aspects of the Lecture course Du gouvernement des vivants, where confession appears at the center of a new conceptual framework designed by Foucault as "truth governing under the form of subjectivity." This is the fundamental core of Foucault's later genealogy of the veridiction and alethurgic modes which interested him in his 1980's researches. It is at this very moment that Foucault explicitly discusses the problem of the subject and its ethical modes of subjectivation. Key-words: Foucault; confession; modes of veridiction; alethurgy; thruth; governing

O PROGRAMA MAIS MÉDICOS E SEUS IMPACTOS NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO MÉDICO DO BRASIL

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar de forma sistemática os resultados iniciais da pesquisa que analisa os impactos no campo da medicina de algumas políticas públicas implementadas durante os governos de Luís Inácio Lula da Silva e Dilma Rousseff (2003-2016) e que levaram, por um lado, ao aumento substancial do número de vagas e cursos de medicina no Brasil e, por outro, permitiram a entrada sem precedentes de mão de obra médica de outros países para atuar na saúde pública brasileira. A presente reflexão busca responder questões como: Quais as consequências para a classe médica de tão abrupta transformação? Quem se beneficiou com a ampliação da oferta dessa mão de obra no país? Como entender as mudanças no mercado de trabalho médico brasileiro em um contexto de grandes transformações macroeconômicas? E, finalmente, como o campo da medicina está reagindo a essas transformações?THE MORE DOCTORS PROGRAM AND ITS IMPACTS ON THE MEDICAL JOB MARKET IN BRASILAbstractThe present article aims to presente, in a systematically way, the initial results of the research that analyzes the impacts in the medical field of some public policies implemented during the PT governments (the workers party in Brazil) of Luís Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff (2003-2016), which brought the substantial increase in the number of vacancies and medical courses in Brazil and, on the other hand, allowed the unprecedented entry of medical labor from other countries to act in brazilian public health. The present reflection seeks to answer questions such as: What are the consequences for the medical class of such abrupt transformation? Who benefited from the expansion of this labor supply in the country? How to understand the changes in the brazilian medical labor market in a context of major macroeconomic transformations? At last, how the field of medicine is reacting to these transformations?Keywords: Field of medicine. Transformations. Brazi

Reinterpretando o Crescimento das Assembleias de Deus no Brasil

Os mais recentes dados publicados pelo IBGE (2010) indicam que os pentecostais continuam sendo os impulsionadores do crescimento evangélico no país e a Assembleia de Deus a igreja que mais cresce. O presente trabalho tem como foco reinterpretar estes dados e propor uma leitura alternativa a essa vigente. Para isso elegemos duas variáveis de análise: a avaliação da metodologia utilizada pelos pesquisadores que definem o que é AD e o modelo administrativo da própria instituição