Correlaciones y análisis de sendero entre características del fruto y la semilla de Benincasa hispida [(Thunb.) Cogn.]

Correlations and path analysis are important strategies to improve the selection of agronomic traits of commercial interest in various crops. The objective of this work was to estimate the  correlations between 14 biometric characteristics of the fruit and the seed, and the path analysis for the weight of the fruit in B. hispida. 10 families of half siblings were evaluated, in a completely randomized design with five repetitions. Fruit weight showed direct significant phenotypic correlations with pulp thickness, fruit length, fruit width, number of seeds, seed cavity and seed weight, whose coefficients ranged between 0.64 * and 0.91 **, respectively. Seed length showed a significant direct association with the volume of a seed and the weight of a seed, with records of 0.66 * and 0.83 **, respectively. The width of the seed and the volume of a seed showed a correlation of 0.88 **, while the density of a seed presented a significant inverse correlation with the width of the seed and the volume of a seed, with records of -0.73 * and -0.89 **. Indirect effects mainly explained the significant correlation of fruit weight with the variables fruit width, seed cavity, seed weight and number of seeds. The length of the fruit presented the greatest direct and indirect effects on the weight of the fruit. The weight of the fruit and the length of the fruit can be used in the selection of B. hispida to obtain genotypes with greater weight and number of seeds per fruit.Las correlaciones y el análisis de sendero son estrategias importantes para mejorar la selección de características agronómicas de interés comercial en diversos cultivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar las correlaciones entre 14 características biométricas del fruto y la semilla, y el análisis de sendero para el peso del fruto en B. hispida. Se evaluaron 10 familias de hermanos medios, en un diseño completamente aleatorizado con cinco repeticiones. El peso del fruto mostró correlaciones fenotípicas significativas directas con grosor de la pulpa, largo del fruto, ancho del fruto, número de semillas, cavidad semilla y peso de semillas, cuyos coeficientes oscilaron entre 0,64* y 0,91**, respectivamente. El largo de semilla presentó asociación directa significativa con volumen de una semilla y el peso de una semilla, con registros de 0,66* y 0,83**, respectivamente. El ancho de semilla y el volumen de una semilla acusaron correlación de 0,88**, mientras que la densidad de una semilla presentó correlación inversa significativa con el ancho de semilla y el volumen de una semilla, con registros de -0,73* y -0,89**. Los efectos indirectos explicaron principalmente la correlación significativa del peso del fruto con las variables ancho del fruto, cavidad semilla, peso de semillas y número de semillas. El largo del fruto presentó los mayores efectos directos e indirectos sobre el peso del fruto. El peso del fruto y largo del fruto, pueden ser usados en la selección de B. hispida para la obtención de genotipos con mayor peso y número de semillas por fruto

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Anticoagulant selection in relation to the SAMe-TT2R2 score in patients with atrial fibrillation. the GLORIA-AF registry

Aim: The SAMe-TT2R2 score helps identify patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) likely to have poor anticoagulation control during anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and those with scores >2 might be better managed with a target-specific oral anticoagulant (NOAC). We hypothesized that in clinical practice, VKAs may be prescribed less frequently to patients with AF and SAMe-TT2R2 scores >2 than to patients with lower scores. Methods and results: We analyzed the Phase III dataset of the Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (GLORIA-AF), a large, global, prospective global registry of patients with newly diagnosed AF and ≥1 stroke risk factor. We compared baseline clinical characteristics and antithrombotic prescriptions to determine the probability of the VKA prescription among anticoagulated patients with the baseline SAMe-TT2R2 score >2 and ≤ 2. Among 17,465 anticoagulated patients with AF, 4,828 (27.6%) patients were prescribed VKA and 12,637 (72.4%) patients an NOAC: 11,884 (68.0%) patients had SAMe-TT2R2 scores 0-2 and 5,581 (32.0%) patients had scores >2. The proportion of patients prescribed VKA was 28.0% among patients with SAMe-TT2R2 scores >2 and 27.5% in those with scores ≤2. Conclusions: The lack of a clear association between the SAMe-TT2R2 score and anticoagulant selection may be attributed to the relative efficacy and safety profiles between NOACs and VKAs as well as to the absence of trial evidence that an SAMe-TT2R2-guided strategy for the selection of the type of anticoagulation in NVAF patients has an impact on clinical outcomes of efficacy and safety. The latter hypothesis is currently being tested in a randomized controlled trial. Clinical trial registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov//Unique identifier: NCT01937377, NCT01468701, and NCT01671007

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Effect of two plant growth regulators on rooting of gynerium sagittatum aubl. Cuttings

“Caña flecha”, Gynerium sagittatum Aubl., plant which actually presents propagation problems, is an economically and socially important species for the handicraft industry of the indigenous Zenu community. In order to evalúate the effect of exogenous auxins on adventitious root formation of basal cuttings, a research was carried out in 2004, at the breeding station of the üniversity of Córdoba, Montería (Colombia). Plant material was selected from a plantation located in “Viajano” Sahagún, department of Córdoba. Three node cuts were taken from the lower third of the plants. The concentrations of the auxins, indolbutyric acid (IBA), naftalenacetic acid (NAA) and their mixture, IBA+NAA, used were 0, 2000, 4000, 6000 and 8000ppm. A complete randomized block design, comprising thirteen treatments with five replicates was employed. The variables evaluates were root number and length, dry root mass, percentage rooting, number of buds and leafs and foliage area. The results showed that a 2000ppm IBA concentraron produced the best response in all evaluated variables followed by the 2000 ppm combination of IBA + NAA. Treatments with NAA alone did not show any positive results due probably to phytotoxic effects on quiescent cells. The use of auxins was effective for propagation of this genetically eroded species.La caña flecha (Gynerium sagittatum Aubl.) es una especie de importancia económica y social para los indígenas zenúes en la fabricación de sus artesanías y que actualmente presenta problemas de propagación. La investigación se realizó en la üniversidad de Córdoba, Montería, en el año 2004, con el objetivo de conocer la respuesta a la aplicación de auxinas exógenas en la formación de raíces en estacas básales de caña flecha. Plantas madres adultas, sanas y sin ningún estrés fueron seleccionadas en una plantación ubicada en el corregimiento “El Viajano”, municipio de Sahagún, departamento de Córdoba. Las estacas de tres nudos, se tomaron del tercio inferior del tallo. Las concentraciones de auxinas empleadas para la investigación fueron de O, 2000,4000, 6000 y 8000 ppm de AIB, ANA y la mezcla ANA+AIB, utilizando el diseño completamente al azar con 13 tratamientos y cinco repeticiones. Se evaluaron las variables número de raíces, longitud de raíces, masa seca de raíces, porcentaje de enraizamiento y número de brotes. En general, la mejor respuesta se obtuvo con el ácido indolbutírico (AIB) a 2000ppm en todas las variables evaluadas y la combinación (AIB + ANA) a 2000ppm, la cual indujo resultados satisfactorios para porcentaje de enraizamiento, longitud máxima de raíces y masa seca de raíces. El ácido naftalenacético (ANA) no propició respuestas positivas en las variables investigadas por posible fitotoxicidad en células quiescentes. El uso de auxinas resultó ser efectivo para la propagación de esta especie, que está en riesgo de erosión genética.Incluye referencias bibliográfica

Market value of teak plantations (Tectona grandis Linn.) in the department of Cordoba

La teca (Tectona grandis L.) presenta gran estabilidad en ambientes cambiantes y es resistente a la degradación de agentes bióticos y abióticos. Por ello, su madera es considerada como una de las más valiosas del mundo. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar el valor de madera en pie de teca en Córdoba, Colombia. Se utilizaron parcelas circulares permanentes de 500 m2 con una intensidad de muestreo de 2%, en cinco rodales comerciales en los municipios de San Antero y Canalete, Córdoba. Se estimó el valor real en pie en función de la edad, calidad y dimensión de trozas, volumen (por clase diamétrica), potencial de aprovechamiento y transporte. Los resultados mostraron que la plantación El Limón (San Antero), con el más alto volumen de madera en pie, fue la de que más disminuyó su valoración (67,5%). La plantación mejor valorada fue Guazimal (Canalete), con una disminución de su valor real de 56,7%. El grosor de los árboles fue el factor de siembra y en el manejo silvícola. Este trabajo muestra el valor actual de las plantaciones de teca en el departamento de Córdoba y servirá de punto de referencia para futuras investigaciones

MARKET VALUE OF TEAK PLANTATIONS (Tectona grandis Linn.) IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CORDOBA

Teak (Tectona grandis L.) has great stability in changing environments and is resistant to degradation by biotic and abiotic agents. For these reasons, its wood is considered one of the most valuable in the world. The objective of this study was to estimate the value of teak timber in Cordoba, Colombia. Permanent circular plots were used. The commercial value of the potential timber production in each plot were estimated based on the age, quality and size of logs, volume (by diameter class), potential use and transport. The results showed that trees at the field El Limon (San Antero). with the highest volume of timber production, had the lowest commercial value (67.5%). The highest commercial value was found in Guazimal (Canalete), with a decrease in the real value of 56.7%. The diameter of the trees was the most important factor on the commercial value of the trees, this suggest that it is very important to improve the selection of the planting material and the management of the crop. This paper shows the current value of teak plantations in the department of Córdoba and it will be as a reference point for future research in this area

Contribución al conocimiento de las semillas de cinco especies forestales nativas y dos exóticas de Córdoba, Colombia

Este libro de investigación que se ha titulado Contribución al conocimiento de las semillas de cinco especies forestales nativas y dos exóticas de Córdoba, Colombia, constituye un nuevo aporte cientifico y tecnológico de los investigadores forestales de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas de la Universidad de Córdoba. En él se recopilan los resultados más importantes obtenidos en dos proyectos de investigación ejecutados en Córdoba y su área de influencia, especialmente en aspectos relacionados con características morfométricas, secado, viabilidad, parámetros de germinación, correlaciones, variabilidad genética, y hongos asociados a las semillas forestales, tanto de especies nativas, como comerciales exóticas, las cuales por su calidad de madera han sido priorizadas por la Cadena Forestal de Córdoba (FORCARIBE) y el sector productor y transformador de madera fina de este departamento.Pregrad

Modifications in Lipid Levels Are Independent of Serum TNF-α in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results of an Observational 24-Week Cohort Study Comparing Patients Receiving Etanercept Plus Methotrexate or Methotrexate as Monotherapy

Objective. To compare the modifications in lipids between patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving etanercept plus methotrexate (ETA + MTX) versus methotrexate (MTX) and their relationship with serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Methods. In an observational cohort study, we compared changes in lipid levels in patients receiving ETA + MTX versus MTX in RA. These groups were assessed at baseline and at 4 and 24 weeks, measuring clinical outcomes, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and TNF-α. Results. Baseline values for lipid levels were similar in both groups. HDL-C levels increased significantly only in the ETA + MTX group (from 45.5 to 50.0 mg/dL at 4 weeks, a 10.2% increase, P<0.001, and to 56.0 mg/dL at 24 weeks, a 25.1% increase, P<0.001), while other lipids underwent no significant changes. ETA + MTX also exhibited a significant increase in TNF-α (44.8 pg/mL at baseline versus 281.4 pg/mL at 24 weeks, P<0.001). The MTX group had no significant changes in lipids or TNF-α. Significant differences in HDL-C between groups were observed at 24 weeks (P=0.04) and also in TNF-α  (P=0.01). Conclusion. HDL-C levels increased significantly following treatment with ETA + MTX, without a relationship with decrease of TNF-α