Hepatic and Renal Lesions in Free Ranging Black Caimans (Melanosuchus niger) in the Brazilian Amazon for Human Consumption

Background: The black caiman (Melanosuchus niger), belongs to the order Crocodylia, family Alligatoridae. More than a hundred species of helminths, mainly trematodes and nematodes, parasitize crocodilians around the world and a considerable number of species of ascaris have been described in crocodilians. There are few descriptions of hepatic and renal diseases affecting M. niger, and no articles related to the histopathological aspects of this species were found. The aim of this study was to evaluate gross and microscopically the liver and kidneys of 100 specimens of Melanosuchus niger slaughtered in Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, from natural populations.Materials, Methods & Results: The capture of the alligators was performed during the night, by members of the community itself in the channels and lagoons of the Reserve's lowland ecosystem. For the capture procedures, ties and harpoons were used and the animals were identified through the red glow of the eyes using the spot light lanterns. After being conducted to the slaughter area, the animals were submitted to the previous biometry to select which animals were appropriated   for slaughter, they should measure between 2.10 m and 2.80 m. A total of 88 livers and 95 kidneys of M. niger of natural populations were analysed gross and microscopically, independently of gross lesions. The fragments collected for histopathological examination were approximately 0.5 cm thick and they were packed in appropriated identified containers with formalin 10% solution. The collection procedures were accompanied by field records for data recording. After fixation of the collected material, it were processes by habitual techniques for paraffin inclusion and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Grossly, none of the livers examined presented alterations and two kidneys presented parasitism. The hepatic microscopic analysis  indicates in 3/88 cases, multiple foci of necrosis. In 7/88 cases, it was observed in the hepatic parenchyma, granulomas, mainly with epithelioid cells. In the histopathological examination of the kidney, the only alteration observe in 8/95 cases was the presence of granulomas.Discussion: The occurrence of Sebekia oxycephala nymphs, a pentastomid, in the liver of Alligator mississippiensis was reported in other researches. The parasite Sebekia mississippiensis was observed in liver and lungs of A. mississippiensis.  similar alterations were also noticed in this research. The coccidiosis related to hepatic manifestations in crocodilians is related to the parasite that may belong to the genus Goussia. In the liver, under the oocysts form leads to a diffuse hydropic degeneration  of hepatocytes. In this study it was also observed the hydronic degeneration, however, associated to the necrosis areas that had in the periphery epithelioid cells infiltrated, without parasitic participation. Two renal trematodes are known in crocodilians, Deurithrema gingae and Renivermis crocodyli both in Crocodylus porosus. Also it was found in the renal parenchyma few encapsulated and well delimited parasites by a severe tissue reaction. Based on the gross and microscopic found, it is concluded that liver and kidney, although multiple organ functions, were not prone to infections, with granulomas being the main manifestation, and the etiopathogenesis of the areas of hepatic necrosis could not be defined

Schistosomus reflexus in a Dog and a Cat

Background: Schistosomus reflexus (SR) is a congenital anomaly, that the animal presents exposed abdominal and thoracic organs. The alterations includes limbs malformation, abnormal spinal column, liver and diaphragm hypoplasia, genitourinary and gastrointestinal changes, on this way, the fetus can not survive. The aim of this study was to report the first SR case in dog and cat in Brazil, and describe anatomical, pathological and radiographic changes.Case: The puppy had ventral midline defect in the abdominal and thoracic wall extending from the sternum to the pubis with viscera exposition, including the heart, lung, liver, stomach, intestine, spleen, kidneys, moreover right army was abnormal, however no spinal column was present. It was performed radiography to evaluate bone abnormalities, and was diagnosed agenesis of carpal, metacarpal and phalange bones. The kitten had ventral midline defect measuring 4 x 2 cm, in the abdominal wall and exposition of liver, stomach, intestine and spleen, as well as tibiotarsal joint arthrogryposis on both lags. It was performed fetus radiography and no spinal column change was diagnosed.Discussion: Schistosomus reflexus is a congenital abnormality common in ruminants. Although it was few reported in dogs and cats. The two cases in this study are the firsts reposts in Brazil in these especies. In our case, the dog had exposition of abdominal and thoracic organs and died one hour after born, similar to this, another author reported a case where the thoracic and abdominal evisceration and the puppy died ten minutes after born. However, in another case with abdominal evisceration only, the puppy survived for eight days. Probably it happened because respiratore function was not compromised. The kitten had abdominal opening only, in turn, other authors reported a case whose abdominal viscera exposition was by pelvic fissure, and another case, what presented thoracic and abdominal evisceration, like our dog case. Some authors affirm that this defect causes fetal dystocia on ruminants, because of the vertebral column abnormality, what promote passage difficult at born moment. On the other hand, dogs did not present these kind of changes and dystocia was not related to this pathology on cases in dogs and cats, however most of these authors performed cesarean because the female did not get normal born. As well as, on two cases in kitten were reported vertebral column abnormalities, what can be related to dystocia. Even no animal of our study present any vertebral column abnormality, other bone changes were found, like carpal, metacarpal and phalange agenesis on army of the dog and tibiotarsal joint arthrogryposis on both lags of the cat fetus. The others report in dogs did not found vertebral column or bone changes, but in cats it was observed vertebral column abnormalities and other changes, like arthrogryposis on four limbs, skull flattening, mandibular brachignathism, reduced ossification of the cranial vault bones, palatoschisis and unfused eyelids. SR etiology is not clearly known, it may be related with genetic, mechanic, endocrine, metabolic, nutrition and infectious factors. The moment of embryonic development, where these factors influence the changes is related with abnormality grade. Although, Chromosomic abnormalities, like chromatid and chromosome breaks, non-homologous pairing of chromosomes was shown. In this study the bitch did not present any metabolic, endocrine or nutritional change, on other hand the queen was submitted to exogenous hormonal treatment to avoid pregnancy, what may be related to SR development. SR is a rare abnormality in dog and cat, fetus radiographic, anatomical and pathological findings confirmed to being this congenital defect, and this are the first reports in Brazil in these species

Paraganglioma de corpo aórtico em cão

Background: Aortic body paragangliomas are uncommon neoplasms that develop mainly in aortic and carotid bodies. It has been supposed that genetic factors and chronic hypoxia may stimulate tumor development. The brachycephalic dog breeds, as Boxer, are most predisposed to present this neoplasm. The clinical symptomatology is related to tumor size and localization. Usually aortic body paraganglioma has benign biological behavior, when it is malignant, rarely promotes metastases. The aim of this study was to report a case of the aortic body paraganglioma as death cause in a dog.Case: A canine, 10-year-old, male, cross breed, presented clinical signs as anorexia, emesis, cough, dyspnea and exercise intolerance. After death the animal was examined at the Department of Veterinary Pathology at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia. On necropsy, no pericardial effusion was identified, however pleural and abdominal effusion was observed, volume like 1000 and 700 mL, respectively. The heart had a neoplasm near the left atrium, it measured 6.5 x 8.2 cm, had irregular surface, firm consistency, grayish color, and at the cut showed infiltration in the myocardium, as well as obstruction of the left atrial lumen and left ventricle concentric hypertrophy. No distant metastases were found. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of polyhedral morphology cells, eosinophilic cytoplasm, spherical and hyperchromatic nucleus. Cells were grouped into lobes separated by fibrovascular stroma, large cells (less uniform cells), low mitotic rate and myocardial infiltration. On immunohistochemical analysis anti-cytokeratin, anti-vimentin and anti-S-100 antibodies were used. Tumour cells stained was absent for anti-cytokeratin and anti-vimentin, but was anti-S-100 positive. A case of malignant aortic body paraganglioma grade II was diagnosed.Discussion: The reported case was diagnosed in cross breed dog. However, brachycephalic dog breeds, as Boxer, are more predisposed to develop this kind of tumor. The development of these tumors is related to the genetic factors and chronic hypoxia. It was suggested that the tumor origin on this case is related to genetic factors, because the animal had no respiratory diseases, he was not brachycephalic and lived in a low altitude city, what exclude the possibility to have been induced by chronic hypoxia imposed by low oxygen. The clinical symptomatology presented by the animal days before death was related to the localization and size of the tumor. The macroscopic findings were similar to those of other studies. And the histopathological findings of the report were indicative for the histological classification of malignant aortic body paraganglioma. On immunohistochemical analysis it was negative for anti-cytokeratin and anti-vimentin antibodies, however was positive for anti-S-100 antibody, thus differentiated from other tumors that may occur in this local and confirmed the diagnosis of malignant aortic body paraganglioma grade II. The dog died due to tumor-related causes, however some authors indicate de tumor as a necropsy finding. The findings made it possible to conclude that tumor was aortic body paraganglioma and that it promoted cardiorespiratory complications related to localization and infiltration, what was worsened by pleural effusion leading the animal to the cardiogenic shock that culminated with death. It shows the importance of including this tumor in the list of differential diagnoses of heart diseases in dogs

Epidermoid Polycystic Ovaries and Uterine Hypoplasia in a Cow

 Background: Ovarian cysts originate from mature follicles that do not ovulate within the predicted time according to the oestrous cycle. Dermoid cysts are structures lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, without adjacent epidermal structures, filled by keratinic debris and amorphous proteinaceus material. They are small, located below the cortex, near the hilus. There is controversy regarding the teratogenicity of the dermoid cyst. Some authors use the nomenclature of benign cystic ovarian teratoma, others, reports that although the fibrous wall and histological features are similar to teratomas, it is not associated with this germ cell-derived neoplasia.Case: Ovaries and uterus were received from a female, adult bovine, Nelore, from a slaughterhouse. The left ovary measured 6.5x5.0x3.9 cm and weighed 80 g; the right ovary measured 5.7x3.7x3.0 cm and weighed 60 g. Grossly, the ovaries were similar, presenting floating consistency, multilobulated and pointed aspect, and at the cut surface, there was extravasation of mucopurulent content of whitish colour. Regarding to the uterus, macroscopically, the uterine horns were infantile and decrease in the diameter. Fragments of the tissues were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for histopathological examination and the staining of the slides was done with hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopically, in the ovaries, it was observed rare vestigial elements of ovary identifying an atresic follicle. Polycystic formation with cysts exhibiting partial or total coating of a keratinized squamous epithelium was also observed. In the lumen abundant keratinous material was present. The uterine microscopy revealed compact endometrium with areas variably infiltrated by lymphocytes, plasmocytes and occasional neutrophils. Areas devoid of endometrial glands were observed, in addition to other areas with reduced quantity and size. Also, the myoepithelial layer was thin and enlargement of the endometrial vascular space was noted.Discussion: Only one study was found reporting three cases of unilateral dermoid cyst in bovine ovary, also from slaughterhouse. Dermoid cysts appear most often in Zebu cattle. Clinically, these cysts do not necessarily result in infertility and do not interfere in the ovarian functions, due to this, the ovaries are not referred for histopathology examination, which difficult its classification. However, in this study the histological examination showed the absence of follicular development, which characterizes infertility, including endocrine dysfunction. Macroscopically ovarian dermoid cysts are similar to abscesses. It has a viscous or milky content inside and, at the cut surface, usually the content project to the surface. Histologically, there are dilated cysts containing material in the lumen at various stages of keratinization conferring a lamellar aspect and a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. In this study, we observed pseudostratified epithelial lining containing cilia in addition to lumen keratin content, without follicles or adnexal structures, corroborating the findings in the literature. Also, it was observed uterine hypoplasia, which occurs due to failure of the development of the paramesonephric ducts during embryonic development. Ovarian dermoid cysts associated with uterine hypoplasia are infrequent in animals and, clinically, may not present changes in fertility and ovarian function

Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children and adolescents: comparison of two versions of the Brazilian Ministry of Health scoring system

The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance between two versions of the scoring system (2011 and 2019), recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in children and adolescents. A retrospective descriptive study was performed to assess the medical records of children and adolescents with PTB, in TB units from Brazilian cities located in Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, and Parana States, from January 1st, 2004, to December 1st, 2018. Patients aged 0 to 18 years old with a diagnosis of PTB were included. The comparison between the two scoring systems showed a moderate concordance according to the κ coefficient value = 0.625. Fourteen patients showed a reduction in the TB score, going from 30 points in the 2011, to 25 points or less in the 2019 one. Seventy one percent of these 14 patients had radiological changes suggestive of PTB and 86% had tuberculin skin tests greater than 10 mm. The study concluded that a moderate agreement was observed between the 2011 and 2019 scoring systems, with an increase in the number of patients scoring 25 points or less in 2019, which can eventually hinder the diagnosis of PTB

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Interação genótipo x ambiente para a produção de leite na espécie bubalina utilizando inferência Bayesiana por meio de Amostradores de Gibbs

With the objective to verify the existence of the interaction genotype X enviroment, under the form of heterogenity of variances for the milk production in buffaloes and its impact in the genetic evaluation of the animals, using the Bayesiana inference by means of Gibbs Sampler, form used 5,484 registers of referring milk production to the productions of 2.994 females predominantly Murrah, calves of 150 sires, mateds with 1130 matrices, whose birth had occurred between the years of 1974 and 2004. The records had been proceeding from the Programa de Melhoramento Genético de Bubalinos (PROMEBUL) with the addition of records proceeding from the flock of the EMBRAPA Amazônia Oriental - EAO, located in Belém, Pará, State. Class of herd-year of birth had been established and in accordance with the standard deviation of milk production of each class had been classified in class of high and low phenotypic standard deviation. Later the data had been analyzed disrespecting and considering the standard deviations class. The used model used the referring fixed effect to the herd-year class, month of parity and covariable age of the female to the birth and length of the lactation, beyond the random effect of animal, permanent environment and temporary environment effects. For the fixed effect uniform was assumed distribution to priori and for the components of (co)variances, had been assumed distributions priori inverse qui-square and inverted Wishart. The observed averages and shunting line-standard for milk production in the class of high, low standard deviation and in general analysis, had been equal 1870,21±758,78, 1900,50±587,76 and 1885,48±677,98, respectively. The posterior averages for the components of variances had been bigger in the classroom of high standard deviation. The genetic correlation for milk production between standard deviation classes was equal the 0,58. The correlations of Spearman between the breeding values for the milk production obtained in general analysis with the values in the class of high and low standard deviation were 0,94 and 0,93 , respectively, for all the sires. For one it shows of the 10 better sires, the same correlations had been equal 0,94 and 0,47, respectively. Such results disclose presences of heterogenity of variances between herds and this heterogenity of variances is resultant of environmental factors, that can take to a wrong classification of the breeding value to best sires for the production milk.Com o objetivo de verificar a existência da interação genótipo x ambiente, sob a forma de heterogeneidade de variâncias para a produção de leite na espécie bubalina e o seu impacto na avaliação genética dos animais, utilizando a inferência Bayesiana por meio de Amostrador de Gibbs, foram utilizados 5.484 registros de produção de leite referentes à produções de 2.994 búfalas predominantemente Murrah, filhas de 150 reprodutores, acasalados com 1130 matrizes, cujos partos ocorreram entre os anos de 1974 e 2004. Os registros foram provenientes do Programa de Melhoramento Genético dos Bubalinos (PROMEBUL) com a adição de registros provenientes do rebanho da EMBRAPA Amazônia Oriental -EAO, localizada em Belém, Pará. Foram estabelecidas classes de rebanho-ano de parto e de acordo com o desvio padrão de cada classe, os registros de produção de leite foram classificados em classes de alto e baixo desvio-padrão fenotípico. Posteriormente, os dados foram analisados desconsiderando e considerando as classes de desvio-padrão. O modelo utilizado empregou os efeitos fixos referentes às classes de rebanho-ano, mês de parto e covariáveis idade da fêmea ao parto e duração da lactação, além do efeito aleatório de animal, ambiente permanente e ambiente temporário. Para os efeitos fixos, foi assumido distribuição à priori uniforme e para os componentes de (co)variâncias foram assumidas distribuições priori qui-quadrado inversa e Wishart invertida. As médias observadas e desvio-padrão para produção de leite nas classes de alto e baixo desvio-padrão e em análise geral, foram iguais a 1870,21±758,78, 1900,50±587,76 e 1885,48±677,98, respectivamente. As médias posteriores para os componentes de variâncias foram maiores na classe de alto desvio-padrão. A herdabilidade obtida na classe de alto desvio-padrão foi próxima do valor observado na análise geral e inferior ao valor encontrado na classe de baixo desvio-padrão fenotípico. A correlação genética para produção de leite entre as classes de desvio-padrão foi igual a 0,58. As correlações de Spearman entre os valores genéticos para a produção de leite obtidos em análise geral com os valores obtidos nas classes de alto e baixo desvio padrão foram iguais a 0,94 e 0,93, respectivamente, para todos os reprodutores. Para uma amostra dos 10 melhores reprodutores, as mesmas correlações foram iguais a 0,94 e 0,47, respectivamente. Tais resultados revelam presença de heterogeneidade de variâncias entre rebanhos e esta heterogeneidade de variâncias é resultante de fatores ambientais, que podem levar a uma classificação errônea dos melhores reprodutores geneticamente para a produção leite

Avaliação macroscópica e microscópica de vísceras de jacaré-açú (Melanosuchus Niger Spix, 1825) abatidos na reserva de desenvolvimento sustentável Mamirauá e destinados ao consumo humano.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi de avaliar macro e microscopicamente os pulmões, estômago, fígado e rins de Jacaré-açú (Melanosuchus niger Spix, 1825) abatidos para consumo na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá/AM (RDSM) e descrever as lesões encontradas, identificando os parasitos observados durante o exame de inspeção e microscopia, associando então os achados aos mesmos e seus vestígios. As informações referentes às alterações observadas ao exame macroscópico foram descritas em fichas de campo correspondentes a cada animal. Para o exame histopatológico foram coletados fragmentos de pulmão, fígado e rim, independente de apresentarem lesões e do estômago, somente das áreas que apresentavam lesão. O material colhido media aproximadamente 0,5 cm de espessura e foi acondicionado em frascos devidamente identificados contendo formol a 10%, para posterior processamento pelas técnicas habituais para inclusão em parafina. Os parasitos encontrados nos pulmões e estômago foram armazenados em recipientes contendo álcool 70%, formol, ácido acético (AFA) e formol a 5%. No laboratório da FIOCRUZ/RJ os nematóides foram clarificados em ácido acético e fenol. Macroscopicamente em 4% dos casos foi identificado o pentastomídeo Sebekia oxycephala no parênquima pulmonar, sem alterações na superfície de corte. Microscopicamente as lesões pulmonares estavam presentes em 37% dos casos, sendo que, as lesões provocadas por parasitas corresponderam a 75,67% dos mesmos. Nas lesões com participação do pentastomídeo, este frequentemente encontrava-se envolvido por uma cápsula de tecido conjuntivo fibroso e reação inflamatória predominantemente do tipo corpo estranho. Três espécimes apresentaram espessamento de septos alveolares e sete continham infiltrado inflamatório granulocítico ora difuso, ora focal. Os achados gástricos em 67% dos casos estavam associados a nematóides presentes em múltiplas úlceras de bordos elevados e presença na periferia de material brancacento com característica fibrinóide, sem apresentar hemorragia associada. Em 8% dos casos estava presente área hemorrágica na mucosa e em 25% dos casos, macroscopicamente as úlceras não estavam associadas a parasitos. A descrição do nematóide está de acordo com as características que identificam o gênero Brevimulticaecum.Na análise histológica das lesões gástricas observou-se necrose que se estendia da mucosa até a muscular, com nematóides circundados por infiltrado inflamatório granulocítico. Observou-se ainda larva rabdiforme no interior de uma cripta da mucosa gástrica. Macroscopicamente nenhum dos fígados examinados apresentou alteração e dois rins apresentaram parasitismo. A análise microscópica hepática indicou em 3,4% dos casos, focos de necrose, envoltos por infiltrado granulocítico e células epitelióides, além de vacuolização próxima às áreas de necrose. Em 7,95% dos casos observou-se também no parênquima hepático granulomas ricos em células epitelióides. Nos rins a única alteração observada em 8,42% dos casos foram os granulomas, com estrutura parasitária na área central. Conclui-se que a principal lesão gástrica esteve associada ao nematóide do gênero Brevimulticaecum e que as lesões hemorrágicas não tiveram etiologia definida. Fígado e rim mostraram-se pouco sujeito às infecções, tendo como principal manifestação os granulomas, não estabelendo-se a etiopatogenia das áreas de necrose hepática. Esta é a primeira descrição das lesões pulmonares em M. niger associadas ao parasitismo por S. oxycephala na Amazônia brasileira.The aim of this study was to evaluate gross and microscopically the viscera of caiman (Melanosuchus niger Spix, 1825) slaughtered on Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (RDSM) and describe lung injuries, gastric, liver and kidney observed in addition to diagnosing through histopathological examination of the changes found by identifying the parasites found during the examination and inspection microscope, then linking the findings to the presence of the same and its vestiges. The information on the pathological changes observed by gross examination were described in field cards for each animal. For the histopathological examination were collected fragments of each organ above-mentioned, with approximately 0.5 cm thick and packed in bottles properly identified containing 10% formalin for later processing by the usual techniques for paraffin embedding. The parasites were stored in containers with AFA and 5% formalin. In the laboratory, FIOCRUZ / RJ nematodes were cleared in acetic acid and phenol. Macroscopically in 4% of cases showed the presence of pentastomid Sebekia oxycephala in the lung parenchyma without inflammatory reaction and thickening at the site. Microscopic lung lesions were found in 37% of cases, and that the injury from parasitism accounted for 75.67% of them. In these, often the pentastomid was embroiled in a capsule of fibrous tissue and inflammatory infiltrate predominantly composed of cells of foreign body type. Three specimens showed thickening of septa and contained seven copies granulocytic inflammatory infiltration either diffuse or focal pulmonary parenchyma. The findings of gastric corresponded in 67% of cases the presence of nematodes within multiple ulcers that had raised edges and the periphery thereof, with characteristic whitish fibrinoid material, without providing associated hemorrhage. In 8% of cases showed an area in the mucosa and hemorrhagic in 25% of cases, ulcers, without macroscopic visualization of parasites associated with these. The descriptions of the nematodes found inside the ulcers are in agreement with the characteristics that identify the gender Brevimulticaecum. Microscopic necrosis was observed which extended from the mucosa to the muscle, where it was perceived parasites inserted into the lesion, which presented itself surrounded by granulocytic inflammatory infiltrate. By observing rabdiforme larva inside a crypt of the gastric mucosa. Macroscopically the livers examined showed no change and two kidneys were parasitized. Microscopic analysis indicated liver in 3/88 cases, foci of necrosis surrounded by epithelioid cells and granulocytic infiltration, and vacuolization next to areas of necrosis. On 7/88 cases were observed also in the liver parenchyma the presence of granulomas with predominant epithelioid cells. In the kidneys the only alteration observed in 8/95 cases were granulomas, with parasitic structure in the central area. We conclude that the primary gastric lesion was associated with the nematode genus Brevimulticaecum and the hemorrhagic lesions were not clearly defined etiology. Liver and kidney are organs despite multiple functions, were subject to some infections, the main manifestation of the granulomas, there laid the pathogenesis of areas of necrosis. This is the first description of pulmonary lesions in M. niger associated with parasitism by S. oxycephala in the Brazilian Amazon.68 f