J/psi production at the Tevatron and HERA: the effect of k_T smearing

We study the effects of intrinsic transverse momentum smearing on J/psi production both at the Tevatron and at HERA. For the case of large-p_T J/psi production at the Tevatron, the effects due to k_T smearing are mild. On the other hand, inelastic J/psi photoproduction at HERA is very sensitive to the k_T smearing and, in fact, with a reasonable value of it is possible to resolve the large-z discrepancy seen by comparing non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD) predictions with the HERA data. We conclude that, with the present kinematic cuts, photoproduction at HERA is not a good test of NRQCD.Comment: 11 pages, LaTeX, 2 figures, uses epsfi

Justícia reparadora : mediació penal per adults i juvenil

Una aproximació als trets essencials del desenvolupament històric i de l'actual implantació institucional a Catalunya de la mediació penal pot contribuir a la comprensió del que és un dels elements bàsics de la justícia restaurativa, tant des del vessant teòric com des del pràctic. El present treball, amb aportacions quantitatives i qualitatives, vol assolir aquest objectiu analitzant la mediació en els dos àmbits on es desenvolupa; és a dir, en la jurisdicció penal juvenil i en la jurisdicció penal ordinària

Entanglement of two qubits mediated by one-dimensional plasmonic waveguides

We investigate qubit-qubit entanglement mediated by plasmons supported by one-dimensional waveguides. We explore both the situation of spontaneous formation of entanglement from an unentangled state and the emergence of driven steady-state entanglement under continuous pumping. In both cases, we show that large values for the concurrence are attainable for qubit-qubit distances larger than the operating wavelength by using plasmonic waveguides that are currently available.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Minor Changes. Journal Reference added. Highlighted in Physic

Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Analysis to Urinary Tract Cancer in Animals and Humans

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has proven useful in various aspects of urinary bladder carcinogenesis research and these are reviewed as they pertain to our research involving sodium saccharin in the rat. Sodium saccharin-carcinogenesis in rats requires administration at high doses beginning at birth or earlier. Administration beginning at ages of 5 weeks or later results in much lower incidences of bladder tumors. Methods were developed for examining the rat fetal and neonatal bladder to further evaluate effects at these critical ages. Several significant differences were found by SEM between the fetal bladder compared to the-adult. The typical polygonal superficial cells of the bladder with asymmetric unit membrane were present before birth, but the slow turnover rate of the adult bladder did not occur until 3-4 weeks of age. Sodium saccharin causes increased proliferation rates and hyperplasia of the urothelium which is dose-dependent. SEM was found to be more sensitive than either light microscopy or labeling indices to detect the earliest lesions induced by sodium saccharin. More recently, amorphous and crystalline material in the urine of rats fed high doses of sodium saccharin were detected by SEM examinations which contained silicon as well as calcium, phosphate, and magnesium as detected by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) with the SEM. These parameters may be relevant to differences between rats and humans and pertain to extrapolations regarding risk assessment

Engineering long-lived vibrational states for an organic molecule

The optomechanical character of molecules was discovered by Raman about one century ago. Today, molecules are promising contenders for high-performance quantum optomechanical platforms because their small size and large energy-level separations make them intrinsically robust against thermal agitations. Moreover, the precision and throughput of chemical synthesis can ensure a viable route to quantum technological applications. The challenge, however, is that the coupling of molecular vibrations to environmental phonons limits their coherence to picosecond time scales. Here, we improve the optomechanical quality of a molecule by several orders of magnitude through phononic engineering of its surrounding. By dressing a molecule with long-lived high-frequency phonon modes of its nanoscopic environment, we achieve storage and retrieval of photons at millisecond time scales and allow for the emergence of single-photon strong coupling in optomechanics. Our strategy can be extended to the realization of molecular optomechanical networks

Da contabilidade à controladoria: a evolução necessária

Science cannot exist without an adequate model for perceiving and representing reality. In the beginning of this 21st century, it has already become obvious that, in the modern business environment, a management accounting system based on an exclusively financial model does no longer manage to provide the necessary information for supporting company management in its most important decisions. In order to maintain its relevance for decision-making, the financial accounting model must be extended and made more flexible, incorporating and integrating new dimensions and new research and evaluation instruments. Management accounting can make this profound transformation, which would lead to modern Controllership, by integrating into its basic explanatory model, which is an accounting model, the identification and evaluation of variables with an elevated impact on company results, such as product value, environmental factors characteristic of the economic sector and system, the working process and the tangible and intangible assets that are mobilized. These new dimensions of Controllership, when associated to the financial accounting model, constitute a general frame for performance evaluation, which not only has the power to explain the company's current situation, but also allows for projections and simulations of future scenarios, making room for the exploration of opportunities and the protection or hedge against risks, both of which are of vital importance for any company's stakeholders. Finally, we seek to demonstrate new dispositions, attitudes and perceptions which, together with new techniques and working instruments, must be adopted by the accountant that wants to turn himself into a modern Controller.Não pode haver ciência sem um modelo adequado de percepção e representação da realidade. Neste início do século XXI, já se tornou óbvio que no ambiente moderno dos negócios uma contabilidade gerencial, que tenha por base um modelo exclusivamente financeiro, não mais consegue propiciar as informações necessárias para dar apoio à gestão das empresas nas suas mais importantes decisões. Para manter a sua relevância decisorial, o modelo contábilfinanceiro precisa ser estendido e flexibilizado, incorporando e integrando novas dimensões e novos instrumentos de pesquisa e avaliação. Esta profunda transformação da gerencial, que levaria à moderna Controladoria, se faz integrando ao seu modelo explicativo básico, que é de natureza contábil, a identificação e a avaliação de variáveis, que têm elevado impacto sobre os resultados das empresas, tais como o valor dos produtos, os fatores ambientais setoriais e sistêmicos, os processos de trabalho e os recursos tangíveis e intangíveis mobilizados. Essas novas dimensões da Controladoria, quando associadas ao modelo contábil-financeiro, formam um quadro geral de avaliação do desempenho, que não apenas tem poder explicativo sobre o estado atual da empresa, mas também permite projeções e simulações de cenários futuros, dando lugar à exploração de oportunidades e à proteção ou hedge contra riscos, ambas de vital interesse para os stakeholders de qualquer empresa. Ao final, procura-se demonstrar quais são as novas posturas, atitudes e percepções que, ao lado de novas técnicas e instrumentos de trabalho, devem ser adotados por um contador para se transformar num moderno Controller

Ultrastructural Characteristics of the Fetal and Neonatal Rat Urinary Bladder

The embryologic and neonatal development of the normal rat urinary bladder was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats by light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy from day 11 of gestation through 21 days of age. The epithelium at day 11 of gestation is composed of small, loosely-connected, rounded cells with occasional short microvilli on their surfaces. The large polygonal cells characteristic of the adult bladder begin to appear by day 15, but the microridges are not apparent until day 17. By day 20, the epithelium appears morphologically similar to the adult bladder. Several morphological features are observed at different times of gestation which are not seen in the normal adult bladder, but they have been found in bladder tumors. During days 12-15 of gestation, most of the luminal lining cells of the bladder epithelium have a single central cilium. Cilia are also occasionally seen at days 11, 16, and 17 of gestation. Occasional cells with long tentacles are present from days 13-16 of gestation. Cells that appear to form bridges between cells are also seen from day 14 of gestation and continue to be observed through day 11 after birth. No cells with distinctive pleomorphic microvilli, a feature of rapidly proliferating bladder epithelial cells in the hyperplastic or tumorous epithelium of the adult, were seen at any time during gestation or after birth. Small foci of superficial layer sloughing occurred at the time of birth, but were rapidly replaced by one day after birth. It is apparent from this study that the bladder epithelium is a rapidly changing, proliferating tissue in utero and continuing for a brief period after birth

Mice with hyper-long telomeres show less metabolic aging and longer lifespans

Short telomeres trigger age-related pathologies and shorter lifespans in mice and humans. In the past, we generated mouse embryonic (ES) cells with longer telomeres than normal (hyper-long telomeres) in the absence of genetic manipulations, which contributed to all mouse tissues. To address whether hyper-long telomeres have deleterious effects, we generated mice in which 100% of their cells are derived from hyper-long telomere ES cells. We observe that these mice have longer telomeres and less DNA damage with aging. Hyper-long telomere mice are lean and show low cholesterol and LDL levels, as well as improved glucose and insulin tolerance. Hyper-long telomere mice also have less incidence of cancer and an increased longevity. These findings demonstrate that longer telomeres than normal in a given species are not deleterious but instead, show beneficial effects.S

Histological Risk Classification Predicts Malignancy and Recurrence in Paragangliomas

Background: Mid-term outcome information in risk stratified patient cohort is needed to inform prognosis in individual patients with paragangliomas (PGL), adjuvant therapy choice and future research. The objective is to define the outcome relevance of a novel risk stratification scheme for PGLs. Design: A classification scheme for PGLs was devised and specimen were assessed for invasion capacity (infiltrative edges with broad fibrous bands, extra-adrenal extension [recording capsular, microscopic periadrenal and gross periadrenal], capsular and peritumoral vascular invasion [recording thin- and thick-walled blood vessels]), tumorigenic expansion (expansile nodules with diffuse areas, hypercellular homogenous areas, necrosis [recording multifocal and confluent subtypes]) and mitogenic activity (MFC/10HPF, presence of atypical mitotic figures). Patients were prospectively stratified as low risk or high risk (presence of at least one feature of invasive capacity and two features of tumorigenic expansion). Patients underwent systematic treatment and follow up for their PGLs in a tertiary referral center. Results: The multilevel analysis based on 78 patients identified statistically significant differences in clinical and biochemical presentation between low risk and high risk patients for gender (p<0.05), noradrenalin (4.6±8.5 vs 11.6±16.9), dopamine (0.6±0.3 vs 1.7±2.4), size of lesion (49.8±19.5 vs 89.2±45.8) and malignancy, 0% vs 21.6% (p<0.01), treatment modalities for MIBG therapy, 0% vs 40.5% (p<.0001), MVR, 0% vs 23.3% (p<.001) and lymph node dissection, 13.5% vs 40.5% (p<0.01) and distant metastases, 0% vs 21.6% (p<0.01). Disease free survival was significantly lower in HR patients 0% vs 78.4% (p=0.004). Histological risk stratification predicts DFS with AUC of 0.8 (95% CI: 0.69-0.90; p<0.01). 7/37 patients with HR had a synchronous diagnosis of malignancy based on other criteria and 4 patients suffered local recurrence. Conclusions: Stratification as low risk excluded a synchronous diagnosis of malignancy and disease recurrence of a follow-up interval of 1-75 months (median 12 months). A high-risk status is associated with high risk of malignancy and disease recurrence.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech