Mensajes de texto, textismos y enseñanza del portugués

This study examines the perception of digital Portuguese spelling and its relationship to the teaching of Portuguese as L1 and L2. 85 undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of education and communication participated in the study through a 35-item questionnaire, validated in both theoretical and the empirical terms. The qualitative analysis of the results showed a high rejection of the use of textisms at the graphic and phonological levels, which are regarded as being associated with standard Portuguese spelling mistakes. However, the multimodal elements of digital Portuguese were accepted as resources for the teaching of the language.Este estudio analiza la percepción de la norma del portugués digital y su relación con la enseñanza de la lengua portuguesa como L1 y L2. 85 estudiantes de grado de educación y comunicación participaron en el estudio a través de un cuestionario de 35 ítems, validado tanto en el plano teórico como en el empírico. El análisis cualitativo de los resultados mostró un elevado rechazo al uso de textismos del plano gráfico y fonológico que se asocian a errores ortográficos del portugués estándar. Sin embargo, los elementos multimodales del portugués digital se aceptaron como recursos para la enseñanza de esta lengua

Characterization of the clinical, histological and genetic profile of articular damage in hereditary hemochromatosis

RESUMO: A osteoartrose (OA) é a patologia articular mais frequente nos humanos. Afecta a articulação como um todo e as suas características principais são a destruição progressiva da superfície articular, a remodelação anormal do osso subcondral, a formação de osteofitos, o enfraquecimento das estruturas ligamentares, a atrofia muscular e, em alguns casos, a inflamação da membrana sinovial. Todas estas alterações levam a uma articulação dolorosa e incapaz de cumprir a sua função. Existem vários factores que aumentam o risco de vir a desenvolver OA mas a sequência exacta de acontecimentos que levam à destruição de uma articulação ainda não está totalmente esclarecida. A Hemocromatose Hereditária (HH) é uma doença causada por mutações no gene HFE e caracteriza-se por causar uma sobrecarga sistémica de ferro e acumulação tóxica de ferro nas células parenquimatosas do fígado, do coração e das glândulas endócrinas. Está também associada a uma maior prevalência de patologias do aparelho osteoarticular, nomeadamente OA. Ainda não está definido qual o papel que a sobrecarga de ferro desempenha na génese da OA secundária à HH. Para melhor entender os mecanismos moleculares responsáveis pelo aparecimento da OA secundária à HH, no decorrer do presente trabalho, foi induzida cirurgicamente OA no joelho de um modelo murino de hemocromatose e foram estudadas as alterações verificadas ao nível da cartilagem articular e do osso. Para além disso, para perceber se as diferentes mutações no gene HFE influenciavam a sobrecarga sistémica de ferro e as complicações osteoarticulares desta doença, foi estudada a prevalência de patologia osteoarticular em coortes de doentes com diferentes genótipos de HH. Os ratinhos Hfe-KO apresentaram uma sobrecarga sistémica de ferro e uma deposição aumentada de ferro na membrana sinovial do joelho após a cirurgia. Às 8 semanas após cirurgia os ratinhos Hfe-KO apresentavam uma pontuação histológica da OA significativamente superior aos seus controlos saudáveis, traduzindo-se numa maior degeneração da cartilagem articular. Utilizando um aparelho de microtomografia computorizada foi possível estudar as alterações do osso subcondral ao nível da tíbia proximal. Esta apresentava-se com um volume ósseo aumentado e as trabéculas que a constituíam eram mais espessas do que as do grupo de controlo. Ao nível da expressão genética e imunohistoquímica observámos nos joelhos dos ratinhos Hfe-KO, um aumento significativo da expressão da metaloproteinase da matriz 3. No estudo das coortes de doentes com HH, a maioria dos doentes eram homozigóticos para a mutação C282Y. A concentração de ferritina sérica e a saturação da transferrina sérica na altura do diagnóstico eram significativamente mais altas no grupo dos doentes homozigóticos quando comparadas com a dos doentes heterozigóticos compostos (C282Y/H63D). Para além disso os doentes homozigóticos para a mutação C282Y referiam uma maior prevalência de complicações osteoarticulares. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a sobrecarga sistémica de ferro não é uma causa direta de OA mas sim um factor que aumenta a vulnerabilidade das articulações à sobrecarga mecânica. Supõe-se que a sobrecarga de ferro a nível sistémico e sinovial aumenta a resposta catabólica da cartilagem articular ao stress mecânico, acelerando o processo patológico da osteoartrose. Os dados obtidos sugerem ainda que a prevalência de complicações osteoarticulares na HH está relacionada com a magnitude da sobrecarga de ferro, uma vez que observámos uma maior prevalência de OA nos doentes homozigotos para a mutação C282Y, um genótipo associado a uma maior sobrecarga sistémica de ferro.ABSTRACT: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease in humans. It affects the joint as a whole and is characterized by progressive articular cartilage destruction, abnormal subchondral bone remodelling, formation of osteophytes, ligament and periarticular muscle weakening and in some cases synovial inflammation, which ultimately lead to a painful and impaired joint. There are several known risk factors for the development of OA but the exact sequence of events that lead to the destruction of the articular cartilage is not yet fully understood. Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), a disease caused by mutations in the HFE gene, is characterised by systemic iron overload, toxic accumulation of iron in parenchymal cells of liver, heart, and endocrine glands. It is also associated with musculoskeletal complications, namely an increased prevalence of OA. The role of iron overload in the development of OA is still undefined. To further understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathology of HHrelated OA, we surgically induced OA in the knee of a murine model of hereditary hemochromatosis and studied the changes to cartilage and bone. Also, in order to understand how the different mutations in the HFE gene affect systemic iron overload and related musculoskeletal complications, we studied the prevalence of musculoskeletal complications in a cohort of patients with different HH genotypes. Hfe-KO mice showed a systemic iron overload and an increased iron accumulation in the knee synovial membrane following surgery. The histological OA score was significantly higher in the Hfe-KO mice at 8 weeks after surgery. Micro-CT study of the proximal tibia revealed increased subchondral bone volume and increased trabecular thickness. Gene expression and immunohistochemical analysis showed a significant increase in the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 3 in the joints of Hfe-KO mice compared with control mice at 8 weeks after surgery. Among our cohort of HH patients the majority were homozygous for the C282Y mutation. The serum ferritin concentration and serum transferrin saturation at diagnosis were significantly higher in C282Y homozygous patients compared with those who were compound heterozygous (C282Y/H63D). Also the overall prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal complications was significantly higher in patients with C282Y homozygosity. The findings of this study suggest that systemic iron overload does not cause OA directly but acts as a susceptibility factor. The systemic and synovial iron overload both contribute to increase the catabolic response of the articular cartilage to mechanical also suggests that the prevalence of musculoskeletal complications of HH is related to the magnitude of the iron overload, since there was a greater prevalence of OA in the homozygotes for the C282Y mutation, a genotype associated with higher systemic iron overload

Texting, Textisms and Teaching Portuguese

This study examines the perception of digital Portuguese spelling and its relationship to the teaching of Portuguese as L1 and L2. 85 undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of education and communication participated in the study through a 35-item questionnaire, validated in both theoretical and the empirical terms. The qualitative analysis of the results showed a high rejection of the use of textisms at the graphic and phonological levels, which are regarded as being associated with standard Portuguese spelling mistakes. However, the multimodal elements of digital Portuguese were accepted as resources for the teaching of the language

Iron-enriched diet contributes to early onset of osteoporotic phenotype in a mouse model of hereditary hemochromatosis

Osteoporosis is associated with chronic iron overload secondary to hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), but the causative mechanisms are incompletely understood. The main objective of this study was to investigate the role of dietary iron on osteoporosis, using as biological model the Hfe-KO mice, which have a systemic iron overload. We showed that these mice show an increased susceptibility for developing a bone loss phenotype compared to WT mice, which can be exacerbated by an iron rich diet. The dietary iron overload caused an increase in inflammation and iron incorporation within the trabecular bone in both WT and Hfe-KO mice. However, the osteoporotic phenotype was only evident in Hfe-KO mice fed the iron-enriched diet. This appeared to result from an imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption driven by iron toxicity associated to Hfe-KO and confirmed by a decrease in bone microarchitecture parameters (identified by micro-CT) and osteoblast number. These findings were supported by the observed downregulation of bone metabolism markers and upregulation of ferritin heavy polypeptide 1 (Fth1) and transferrin receptor-1 (Tfrc), which are associated with iron toxicity and bone loss phenotype. In WT mice the iron rich diet was not enough to promote a bone loss phenotype, essentially due to the concomitant depression of bone resorption observed in those animals. In conclusion the dietary challenge influences the development of osteoporosis in the HH mice model thus suggesting that the iron content in the diet may influence the osteoporotic phenotype in systemic iron overload conditions.National Funds through Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000012 Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) SFRH/BD/77056/2011 European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000012info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Hydraulics: practice

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Hydraulics: theory

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Hydrology, water resources and environment: theorical classes

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Hydrology, water resources and environment: practice

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Exchange rate pressure in Angola

The objective of this work is to develop an operational tool to analyze exchange rate pressure in the context of Angola. The Angolan economy exhibits a number of relevant characteristics: a closed financial account, a partially controlled current account, a highly dollarized economy and exports (oil) price determined in World markets. These features have a direct effect on the demand of foreign currency and motivate their inclusion in the specification of a model for Angola. The model provides the rational for a measure of an exchange market rate pressure (EMP) index that contains exports changes, imports changes, the foreign interest rate and inflation and the change in foreign reserves corrected for a measure dollarization. The empirical performance new measure is comparable (slightly better) to the performance of the EMP indexes obtained in Eichengreen Rose and Wyplosz (1994) and Klassen and Jager (2011)

Hidráulica: aulas teóricas

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