Las fuerzas productivas de Peñafiel a mediados del siglo XVIII a través del catastro de Ensenada

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Picolinic and Isonicotinic Acids: A Fourier Transform Microwave Spectroscopy Study

Producción CientíficaThe rotational spectra of laser ablated picolinic and isonicotinic acids have been studied using broadband chirped pulse (CP-FTMW) and narrowband molecular beam (MB-FTMW) Fourier transform microwave spectroscopies. Two conformers of picolinic acid, s-cis-I and s-cis-II, and one conformer of isonicotinic acid have been identified through the analysis of their rotational spectra. The values of the inertial defect and the quadrupole coupling constants obtained for the most stable s-cis-I conformer of picolinic acid, evidence the formation of an O–H···N hydrogen bond between the acid group and the endocyclic N atom. The stabilization provided by this hydrogen bond compensates the destabilization energy due to the adoption of a −COOH trans configuration in this conformer. Its rs structure has been derived from the rotational spectra of several 13C, 15N, and 18O species observed in their natural abundances. Mesomeric effects have been revealed by comparing the experimental values of the 14N nuclear quadrupole coupling constants in the isomeric series of picolinic, isonicotinic, and nicotinic acids.Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA175U13

Forest Biomass, Carbon Stocks, and Macrofungal Dynamics: A Case Study in Costa Rica

There are few published studies providing information about macrofungal biology in a context of forest dynamics in tropical areas. For this study, a characterization of above-ground standing tree biomass and carbon stocks was performed for four different forest subtypes within two life zones in Costa Rica. Fungal productivity and reproductive success were estimated and analyzed in the context of the forest systems studied and results showed fungal dynamics to be a complex and challenging topic. In the present study, fungal productivity was higher in forest patches with more tree density but independent from life zones, whereas fungal biomass was higher in premontane areas with ectomycorrhizal dominant trees. Even though some observed patterns could be explained in terms of climatic differences and biotic relationships, the high fungal productivity observed in dry forests was an interesting finding and represents a topic for further studies.Universidad de Costa Rica/[VI-731-B2-222]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ingeniería::Instituto Investigaciones en Ingeniería (INII)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ingeniería::Facultad de Ingeniería::Escuela de Ingeniería de Biosistema

Rotational spectrum of phenylglycinol

Solid samples of phenylglycinol were vaporized by laser ablation and investigated through rotational spectroscopy in a supersonic expansion using two different techniques: chirped pulse Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy and narrow band molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. One conformer, bearing an O–H···N and an N–H···π intramolecular hydrogen bonds, could be successfully identified by comparison of the experimental rotational and 14N nuclear quadruple coupling constants with those predicted theoretically

Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy of Ac-Ser-NH2: the role of side chain interactions in peptide folding

Serine capped dipeptide N-acetyl-L-serinamide (Ac-Ser-NH2) has been investigated using Fourier transform microwave spectroscopic techniques combined with laser ablation sources. Spectral signatures originating from one dominant species have been detected in the supersonic expansion. Rotational and nuclear quadrupole coupling constants of the two 14N nuclei have been used in the characterization of a Ceq/g-turn structure, which is stabilized by a C7O·· ·HN intramolecular hydrogen bond closing a seven-membered ring. Two extra hydrogen bonds involving the polar side chain (–CH2OH) further stabilize the structure. The non-observation of C5 species, attributed to the presence of the polar side chain, is in contrast with the previous gas phase observation of the related dipeptides containing glycine or alanine residues. The A–E splitting pattern arising from the internal rotation of the methyl group has been analyzed and the internal rotation barrier has been determined

The shape of D-glucosamine

The bioactive amino monosaccharide D-glucosamine has been generated in gas phase via laser ablation of D-glucosamine hydrochloride. Three cyclic α- 4C1 pyranose forms have been identified using Fourier transform microwave techniques. Stereoelectronic hyperconjugative forces – essentially linked with the anomeric or gauche effect – and cooperative OH…O, OH…N and NH…O chains, extended along the entire molecule, are found to be the main factors driving the conformational behavior. The orientation of the NH2 group within each conformer has been determined by the values of the nuclear quadrupole constants. The results have been compared with those recently obtained for the archetypical D-glucose

Functionalism and Caprice in Stonecutting. The Case of the Nativity Chapel in Burgos Cathedral

Starting from the inaugural text of Philibert de L'Orme, stereotomic treatises and manuscripts are subject to the opposing forces of reason and fancy. The Nativity Chapel in Burgos Cathedral provides an outstanding case study on this subject. It was built in 1571-1582 by Martín de Bérriz and Martín de la Haya, using an oval vault resting on trumpet squinches to span a rectangular bay. Bed joints and rib axes are not planar curves, as usual in oval vaults. This warping is not capricious; we shall argue that it is the outcome of a systematic tracing method. As a result of this process, the slope of the bed joints increases slightly in the first courses, but stays fairly constant after the third course; this solution prevents the upper courses from slipping. Thus, in the Nativity Chapel of Burgos Cathedral, the constraints of masonry construction fostered a singular solution verging on capriccio. It is also worthwhile to remark that the warping of the joints is not easily appreciable to the eye and that the tracing process does not seem to start from a previous conception of the resulting form. All this suggests that we should be quite careful when talking about the whimsical character of Late Gothic and Early Renaissance; in some occasions, apparent caprice is the offspring of practical thinking

Influence of Unstable Shoes on Women With Lumbopelvic Postpartum Pain: Randomized Clinical Trial

[Abstract] Background: Back pain is a normal symptom during pregnancy and is expected to become worse beyond the first three months after childbirth. Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of wearing unstable shoes instead of conventional shoes, regarding pain intensity, low back mobility and stability, among women with lumbopelvic pain (LPP) during the postpartum period. Design and setting: Prospective, single-blinded, randomized clinical trial conducted at a podiatry and physiotherapy clinical center. Methods: A nine-week program of wearing either unstable shoes (A) or conventional shoes (B) was implemented. The following outcomes were measured in three assessments: pain intensity, using a visual analogue scale (VAS); low-back mobility, using a modified Schober test; and stability, using a pressure platform. Results: The lateral stability speed, anterior stability speed and anterior center of pressure (COP) showed significant (P < 0.05) decreases in the unstable shoes group after nine weeks, in relation to the conventional group. Intra-group measurements showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in VAS between the second and third assessments and between the first and third assessments in both groups. Intra-group evaluations also showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the lateral stability speed and anterior stability speed. Conclusions: Unstable shoes were effective in decreasing the pain intensity at five and nine weeks in women with postpartum LPP. In addition, their use produced decreases in lateral stability speed, anterior stability speed and anterior COP at nine weeks

El uso de monteas en los talleres catedralicios: el caso murciano

Es bien conocido el empleo de trazados a tamaño natural, denominados monteas, como paso previo a la ejecución de construcciones pétreas. Los autores argumentan que estas monteas aportan datos acerca de las técnicas de cantería que no facilitan ni las propias piezas, ni los tratados y manuscritos, incluso los más cercanos a la práctica constructiva. En concreto, examinan dos monteas renacentistas en la catedral de Murcia: una de ellas hallada en 1999 bajo el altar de la recapilla de Junterón y otra recientemente aparecida en los muros de la sacristía catedralicia al desmontar la cajonería quinientista. Tras comparar ambas monteas con las piezas de cantería correspondientes, los autores analizan en qué medida ambas monteas se separan de los métodos estereotómicos propuestos por la literatura hispánica de la cantería.The use of full-scale tracings as a preliminary step in stone construction is well known. The authors assert that those tracings furnish a number of valuable data about stonecutting techniques that cannot be obtained from actual members, treatises or manuscripts, even those closest to building practice. In particular, the article deals with two tracings in Murcia cathedral: the first one was found in 1999 under the altar of the inner chamber or recapilla of the funerary chapel of Gil Rodríguez de Junterón, while the second one has appeared recently behind the vestry drawers. The authors compare both tracings with the members built using them, explaining how the tracings depart from standard construction methods, in particular those described in Spanish stereotomic literature

Caracterización Proteómica in vivo de células endoteliales circulantes y células progenitoras de endoteliales an pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo

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