Influencia de la disposición espacial y la superficie de refugios sobre la supervivencia y el crecimiento de juveniles de Cherax quadricarinatus (Parastacidae) y su aplicación al cultivo intensivo.

Cherax quadricarinatus es una especie de elevado interés para la acuicultura y de gran tolerancia a las altas densidades, lo que la hace propicia para el cultivo en sistemas intensivos. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar el diseño más adecuado de disposición espacial y la superficie de "red cebollera", usualmente utilizada como refugio de los juveniles en cultivo, que permita disminuir la mortalidad y mejorar el crecimiento en condiciones de alta densidad. Se realizaron dos experimentos poniéndose a prueba la disposición espacial (redes paralelas en posición vertical, horizontal, y sin ordenamiento) y la superficie de red cebollera (0,612 m 2, 1,224 m2 y 1,836 m2) en cultivo con alta densidad de juveniles (41,7 juveniles de 1g por m2). A los 60 días se registró el número y peso de los juveniles, y se calculó la mortalidad y biomasa. En el segundo experimento se contabilizó también la cantidad de quelas faltantes y de juveniles con todos los apéndices para estimar las interacciones agonísticas. La mortalidad resultó menor en el tratamiento sin ordenamiento y en el tratamiento con menor superficie de redes (p < 0,05). Por cada m2 de fondo, 2,55 m2 de red cebollera colocada en forma aleatoria sería suficiente como refugio para una densidad alta de juveniles. La biomasa y las interacciones agonistas fueron similares en todos los casos. Este estudio determinó que la colocación al azar de la red es la disposición más adecuada y económica para los juveniles de Cherax quadricarinatus, y además el exceso de la misma podría perjudicar la sobrevida en cultivo.Cherax quadricarinatus is an interesting species for aquaculture and is more tolerant to high densities than other species of commercially important crustaceans, making it suitable for intensive culture. The purpose of this study is to determine the most adequate spatial arrangement and area of onion bag mesh, commonly used as shelter in juvenile culture, to decrease mortality and improve growth under high-density conditions. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the optimum onion bag mesh spatial distribution (parallel pieces of mesh arranged in a vertical and horizontal position, and mesh with a random arrangement), and area (0.612 m2 , 1.224 m2 and 1.836 m2) under high-juvenile density conditions (41.7 one-gram juveniles per m2 ). The weight and number of juveniles were recorded, and mortality and biomass were calculated at day 60. In the second experiment, the number of missing chelae and juveniles with all their walking legs were counted to estimate agonistic interactions. Mortality was lower in the treatment consisting in randomly arranged onion bag mesh and that with the smallest area. A mesh surface of 2.55 m2 per m2 of ground would be sufficient as shelter for juveniles stocked at high densities. Biomass and antagonistic interactions were similar in all cases. This study showed that a random arrangement of onion bag mesh is the most adequate and economic shelter for C. quadricarinatus juveniles, and that the use of high mesh areas could decrease survival in cultureFil: Calvo, Natalia Soledad. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria; ArgentinaFil: Tomas, Ana Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Laura Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia Experimental; Argentin

The Integration of Cell Therapy and Biomaterials as Treatment Strategies for Remyelination

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic degenerative autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that causes inflammation, demyelinating lesions, and axonal damage and is associated with a high rate of early-onset disability. Disease-modifying therapies are used to mitigate the inflammatory process in MS but do not promote regeneration or remyelination; cell therapy may play an important role in these processes, modulating inflammation and promoting the repopulation of oligodendrocytes, which are responsible for myelin repair. The development of genetic engineering has led to the emergence of stable, biocompatible biomaterials that may promote a favorable environment for exogenous cells. This review summarizes the available evidence about the effects of transplantation of different types of stem cells reported in studies with several animal models of MS and clinical trials in human patients. We also address the advantages of combining cell therapy with biomaterials

Accuracy and Survival Outcomes after National Implementation of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Early Stage Endometrial Cancer

Background. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has recently been accepted to evaluate nodal status in endometrial cancer at early stage, which is key to tailoring adjuvant treatments. Our aim was to evaluate the national implementation of SLN biopsy in terms of accuracy to detect nodal disease in a clinical setting and oncologic outcomes according to the volume of nodal disease. Patients and Methods. A total of 29 Spanish centers participated in this retrospective, multicenter registry including patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma at preoperative early stage who had undergone SLN biopsy between 2015 and 2021. Each center collected data regarding demographic, clinical, histologic, therapeutic, and survival characteristics. Results. A total of 892 patients were enrolled. After the surgery, 12.9% were suprastaged to FIGO 2009 stages III-IV and 108 patients (12.1%) had nodal involvement: 54.6% macrometastasis, 22.2% micrometastases, and 23.1% isolated tumor cells (ITC). Sensitivity of SLN biopsy was 93.7% and false negative rate was 6.2%. After a median follow up of 1.81 years, overall surivial and disease-free survival were significantly lower in patients who had macrometastases when compared with patients with negative nodes, micrometastases or ITC. Conclusions. In our nationwide cohort we obtained high sensitivity of SLN biopsy to detect nodal disease. The oncologic outcomes of patients with negative nodes and low-volume disease were similar after tailoring adjuvant treatments. In total, 22% of patients with macrometastasis and 50% of patients with micrometastasis were at low risk of nodal metastasis according to their preoperative risk factors, revealing the importance of SLN biopsy in the surgical management of patients with early stage EC

La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología

CARB-ES-19 Multicenter Study of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli From All Spanish Provinces Reveals Interregional Spread of High-Risk Clones Such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3

ObjectivesCARB-ES-19 is a comprehensive, multicenter, nationwide study integrating whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (CP-Kpn) and E. coli (CP-Eco) to determine their incidence, geographical distribution, phylogeny, and resistance mechanisms in Spain.MethodsIn total, 71 hospitals, representing all 50 Spanish provinces, collected the first 10 isolates per hospital (February to May 2019); CPE isolates were first identified according to EUCAST (meropenem MIC &gt; 0.12 mg/L with immunochromatography, colorimetric tests, carbapenem inactivation, or carbapenem hydrolysis with MALDI-TOF). Prevalence and incidence were calculated according to population denominators. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution method (EUCAST). All 403 isolates collected were sequenced for high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing, core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), and resistome analysis.ResultsIn total, 377 (93.5%) CP-Kpn and 26 (6.5%) CP-Eco isolates were collected from 62 (87.3%) hospitals in 46 (92%) provinces. CP-Kpn was more prevalent in the blood (5.8%, 50/853) than in the urine (1.4%, 201/14,464). The cumulative incidence for both CP-Kpn and CP-Eco was 0.05 per 100 admitted patients. The main carbapenemase genes identified in CP-Kpn were blaOXA–48 (263/377), blaKPC–3 (62/377), blaVIM–1 (28/377), and blaNDM–1 (12/377). All isolates were susceptible to at least two antibiotics. Interregional dissemination of eight high-risk CP-Kpn clones was detected, mainly ST307/OXA-48 (16.4%), ST11/OXA-48 (16.4%), and ST512-ST258/KPC (13.8%). ST512/KPC and ST15/OXA-48 were the most frequent bacteremia-causative clones. The average number of acquired resistance genes was higher in CP-Kpn (7.9) than in CP-Eco (5.5).ConclusionThis study serves as a first step toward WGS integration in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Spain. We detected important epidemiological changes, including increased CP-Kpn and CP-Eco prevalence and incidence compared to previous studies, wide interregional dissemination, and increased dissemination of high-risk clones, such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3

Adelante / Endavant

Séptimo desafío por la erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres del Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere "Purificación Escribano" de la Universitat Jaume

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Increase in growth and survival of early juveniles of the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Parastacidae) through improved culture practices

La Dirección Nacional de Acuicultura propone la investigación de las especies exóticas ya introducidas y el mejoramiento de las tecnologías de cultivo actualmente utilizadas. Por esto, la presente tesis abordó dos temas principales para contribuir con información relevante al cultivo de Cherax quadricarinatus: el estudio de la vulnerabilidad nutricional de los juveniles en la fase de hatchery y la optimización del uso de refugios durante la fase de pre‐engorde para disminuir el canibalismo. Se observó que los juveniles III (primer estadio de alimentación exógena) y 1 de gramo necesitan sólo 2 y 9 días de alimentación inicial, respectivamente, para acumular las reservas necesarias para mudar al estadio siguiente. El tiempo sin alimento que lleva a la muerte a los juveniles III y de 1 gramo sin poder mudar al estadio siguiente es de 9 y 51 días respectivamente, y son los valores más altos reportados para especies de decápodos. Durante largos periodos de inanición los juveniles consumen las reservas de proteínas y lípidos almacenadas en hepatopáncreas y músculo abdominal. Sin embargo, al suministrarles alimento los juveniles muestran gran capacidad de recuperación, reanudando su crecimiento rápidamente, completando sus reservas y generando nuevas reservas de glucógeno en el músculo abdominal. No se observó actividad enzimática asociada a la movilización de reservas y solo la actividad lipasa (digestiva) se mostró afectada por la inanición. Respecto del uso de refugios, por cada m2 de tanque en la fase de pre‐engorde, 2,55 m2 de red cebollera colocada en forma aleatoria es suficiente para disminuir la mortalidad. Esta información constituye un avance en el conocimiento teórico y un aporte directo al mejoramiento de la producción de una especie con importancia para la acuicultura de nuestro país.The Dirección Nacional de Acuicultura stimulates the research on introduced species and improvement of the aquaculture practices currently in use. In order to contribute with relevant information on Cherax quadricarinatus culture, the present thesis addressed two important topics: the study of the nutritional vulnerability in juveniles during the hatchery phase, and the optimization of shelter use to reduce cannibalism among juveniles during the nursery phase. Results showed that stage III (developmental stage from which juveniles feed exogenously) and 1 gram juveniles need to feed for a period not longer than 2 and 9 days, respectively, to accumulate enough reserves for successful molting to the following stage. A 9 and 51‐day period of starvation leads to the death without molting of stage III and 1 gram juveniles, respectively, with these values being the highest ones reported for decapod species. Protein and lipid reserves are depleted in the hepatopancreas and abdominal muscle after a long starvation period. However, starved juveniles show a great ability to recover following a feeding period, quickly resuming their growth, replenishing their reserves and forming new glycogen reserves in the abdominal muscle. The enzymatic activity related to reserve mobilization was not observed and only lipase activity (digestive) was affected by starvation. On the other hand, 2.55 m2 of randomly distributed onion mesh is recommended per meter of tank to decrease juvenile mortality during the nursery phase. This information provides theoretical knowledge that may directly contribute to improve the culture of a species commercially important for our country.Fil:Calvo, Natalia Soledad. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

Influence of female size on offspring quality of the freshwater crayfish cherax quadricarinatus (Parastacidae: Decapoda)

Knowledge on maternal influences in offspring quality of decapod crustaceans is limited, especially for freshwater species. We investigated the effects of female body weight on production variables (actual fecundity, AF), morphological/morphometrical features of eggs (volume, wet and dry weights) and recently independent juveniles (size, weight), and on juvenile growth performance and survival in the freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1868), under laboratory conditions. For this purpose, two groups of females were used: "large females" weighing 50-70 g; and "small females" weighing 20-35 g. The AF was the only production variable that increased with female weight. The percentage of ovigerous females also tended to increase with female weight: the 73% of "large females" and the 57% of "small females" spawned once. The remaining features did not vary with female weight. These results indicate that under controlled and constant laboratory conditions the egg and juvenile quality are similar between "small females" and "large females," an important outcome both from a theoretical and an economical point of view. In particular, this is the first report on the absence of correlation between maternal weight and juvenile size in a decapod crustacean with direct development. The results are compared with previous studies mainly in marine decapod species with indirect development.Fil: Tropea, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción y Crecimiento de Crustáceos Decápodos; ArgentinaFil: Arias, Magdalena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción y Crecimiento de Crustáceos Decápodos; ArgentinaFil: Calvo, Natalia Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción y Crecimiento de Crustáceos Decápodos; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Laura Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción y Crecimiento de Crustáceos Decápodos; Argentin