«La parte de los crímenes» en 2666: la visibilización del concepto «feminicidio» como política de la literatura

This article focuses on the politics of literature and political aesthetics, in light of the literary theories of Jacques Ranciere, with an analysis of the chapter “La parte de los crímenes”, featured in 2666 (2004), written by Roberto Bolaño. This work can be read as a literary form of the “Femicide theory”. This concept, coined by Jill Radford and Diana Russel, has been adopted and developed by Latin-American academics, who grant it its present global status. In support of these theories, an analysis of Roberto Bolaños literary corpus is made, detailing the essential characteristics and methods with which the literary text gives a specific gender perspective to the book.En el presente artículo, a la luz de las teorías literarias de Jacques Rancière, en torno a la política de la literatura y las estéticas políticas, se pretende poner de manifiesto cómo “La parte de los crímenes”, capítulo de la novela 2666 (2004) de Roberto Bolaño, puede ser leída como una plasmación literaria de la «Teoría del Feminicidio». Este concepto, acuñado por Jill Radford y Diana Russel en los 90 es recibido y desarrollado por académicas feministas latinoamericanas, que le otorgan su estatus global. Para ello, se realiza un análisis de «La parte de los crímenes», detallando sus características literarias esenciales y las herramientas con las que el texto confiere una perspectiva de género a la obra

«The part about the crimes» in 2666: visibilizing «femicide» as politics of literature

En el presente artículo, a la luz de las teorías literarias de Jacques Rancière, en torno a la política de la literatura y las estéticas políticas, se pretende poner de manifiesto cómo “La parte de los crímenes”, capítulo de la novela 2666 (2004) de Roberto Bolaño, puede ser leída como una plasmación literaria de la «Teoría del Feminicidio». Este concepto, acuñado por Jill Radford y Diana Russel en los 90 es recibido y desarrollado por académicas feministas latinoamericanas, que le otorgan su estatus global. Para ello, se realiza un análisis de «La parte de los crímenes», detallando sus características literarias esenciales y las herramientas con las que el texto confiere una perspectiva de género a la obra.This article focuses on the politics of literature and political aesthetics, in light of the literary theories of Jacques Ranciere, with an analysis of the chapter “La parte de los crímenes”, featured in 2666 (2004), written by Roberto Bolaño. This work can be read as a literary form of the “Femicide theory”. This concept, coined by Jill Radford and Diana Russel, has been adopted and developed by Latin-American academics, who grant it its present global status. In support of these theories, an analysis of Roberto Bolaños literary corpus is made, detailing the essential characteristics and methods with which the literary text gives a specific gender perspective to the book

Mourning and Memory of the Absent Bodies in Antígona González

Una versión previa de este artículo fue presentada en el Institute for Comparative Literature and Society de la Universidad de Columbia. Queremos hacer constar nuestro agradecimiento a Marianne Hirsch y a los asistentes por sus comentarios y sugerencias.En el presente trabajo se lleva a cabo un análisis de uno de los textos más influyentes de la literatura mexicana reciente, Antígona González (2012) de Sara Uribe. En un primer momento, se expone el contexto social, político y estético en el que la pieza de Uribe fue escrita, para después proceder a estudiar las estrategias textuales de que se sirve Uribe para generar una autoría colectiva, con especial atención a las aportaciones teóricas llevadas a cabo por Cristina Rivera Garza y su concepto de “desapropiación”. Por último, el artículo propone una interpretación de la obra tanto en sus aspectos formales como en su aspecto éticopolítico, desarrollando su vínculo con las propuestas de Judith Butler. El presente trabajo relaciona ambas dimensiones, al ubicar la obra en una tradición de escritura militante cuyo objetivo es llevar a cabo el duelo por los desaparecidos en la frontera norte de México.This paper analyses one of the most influential texts in recent Mexican literature, Antígona González (2012) by Sara Uribe. At first, the social, political and aesthetic context in which Uribe's piece was written is presented, and then the textual strategies used by Uribe to generate collective authorship are studied, with special attention to the theoretical contributions made by Cristina Rivera Garza and her concept of “disappropriation”. Finally, the article proposes an interpretation of the work both in its formal aspects and in its ethical-political aspect, developing its link with Judith Butler's proposals. The present study relates both dimensions, locating the work in a tradition of militant writing whose goal is to carry out the mourning for the disappeared in the northern border of Mexico.El presente trabajo es parte de los resultados de los proyectos de investigación “Sujetos-emociones-estructuras: Para un proyecto de teoría social crítica” (FFI 2016-75073-R) y “El Amor y sus reversos. Pasión, deseo y dominio en las relaciones sentimentales a través del arte contemporáneo. Investigación y creación artística” (PGC2018.093404.B.100), financiados por el Ministerio de Innovación, Ciencia y Universidades

Notes for a history of feminist demands in and after may 1968: contradictions, alliances and challenges

Este artículo está pensado como un pequeño recorrido histórico que partiendo del Mayo francés y arribando en el presente, señale la tendencia del feminismo a aliarse con otros impulsos anticapitalistas. Analizaremos primero las flagrantes contradicciones que marcaron el acontecimiento parisino notando, no obstante, en qué medida supuso el pistoletazo de salida para un feminismo radical e interseccional. Seguidamente comentaremos cómo en la década de los ochenta y noventa y dado un giro neoliberal tanto en la economía como en el discurso asistimos al olvido de anteriores líneas de denuncia. Tal repaso histórico debería permitirnos comprender las razones que motivan una actual relectura de textos clásicos del feminismo radical y de los desafíos a los que el movimiento se enfrenta a la hora de rehacer un enfoque unitario.This article is intended as a short historical journey from May in France to the present, pointing out the tendency of feminism to ally with other anti-capitalist impulses. We will first analyze the blatant contradictions that marked the Parisian event, noting, however, to what extent it was the starting moment for a radical and intersectional feminism. In addition to this we will comment on how in the 1980s and 1990s, within a neo-liberal turn in both economics and discourse, we witnessed the forgetfulness of previous lines of subversion. Such a historical review should enable us to understand the reasons for a current re-reading of the classic texts of radical feminism and the challenges that the movement faces in rebuilding a unitary approach

Nada que decir, sólo mostrar. Género y colonialismo en el fotomontaje de Hannah Höch

In interwar Germany, affected by deep social and economic crises, a group of Dadaist artists developed photomontage as the only political weapon to unite art and life in a world saturated with images. This article analyses the photographic collages of one of its members Hannah Höch; her work forms not only a visual record of the problems that beset her country, but also highlights the political implications harboured within the construction of an imagery of the Other (in its dual role of gender and race). In this context, we regard Höch’s work as a response to a political landscape, marked by the integration of women into the labour market and colonial imperialism; and through doing so, Hoch`s work anticipates the ideas of artists from the 1970’s, already informed by the philosophy of deconstruction and the Queer Theory.En la Alemania de entreguerras afectada por una profunda crisis económica y social, un grupo de artistas dadaístas desarrollaron el fotomontaje como única arma política con la que unir arte y vida en un mundo saturado de imágenes. El presente artículo analiza los collages fotográficos de uno de sus miembros, Hannah Höch, para conocer cómo, además de dar buena cuenta de los problemas que golpeaban a su país, pusieron de relieve las implicaciones políticas que albergaba la construcción de un imaginario del Otro (en su doble posición de género y raza). En este contexto, consideramos que las obras de Höch dan respuesta a un panorama político marcado por la inserción de la mujer en el mercado laboral y el imperialismo colonial, adelantando ideas de artistas de los años 70 informadas ya por la filosofía de la deconstrucción y la teoría queer

Duelo y memoria de los cuerpos ausentes en Antígona González

En el presente trabajo se lleva a cabo un análisis de uno de los textos más influyentes de la literatura mexicana reciente, Antígona González (2012) de Sara Uribe. En un primer momento, se expone el contexto social, político y estético en el que la pieza de Uribe fue escrita, para después proceder a estudiar las estrategias textuales de que se sirve Uribe para generar una autoría colectiva, con especial atención a las aportaciones teóricas llevadas a cabo por Cristina Rivera Garza y su concepto de “desapropiación”. Por último, el artículo propone una interpretación de la obra tanto en sus aspectos formales como en su aspecto ético-político, desarrollando su vínculo con las propuestas de Judith Butler. El presente trabajo relaciona ambas dimensiones, al ubicar la obra en una tradición de escritura militante cuyo objetivo es llevar a cabo el duelo por los desaparecidos en la frontera norte de México.  This paper analyses one of the most influential texts in recent Mexican literature, Antígona González (2012) by Sara Uribe. At first, the social, political and aesthetic context in which Uribe's piece was written is presented, and then the textual strategies used by Uribe to generate collective authorship are studied, with special attention to the theoretical contributions made by Cristina Rivera Garza and her concept of “disappropriation”. Finally, the article proposes an interpretation of the work both in its formal aspects and in its ethical-political aspect, developing its link with Judith Butler's proposals. The present study relates both dimensions, locating the work in a tradition of militant writing whose goal is to carry out the mourning for the disappeared in the northern border of Mexico

Amino modified metal-organic frameworks as pH-responsive nanoplatforms for safe delivery of camptothecin

[EN] MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-101(Fe) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are excellent vehicles for drug delivery systems (DDSs) due to their high biocompatibility and stability in physiological fluids, as well as their pore diameter in the mesoporous range. Although they are appropriate for the internal diffusion of 20-(S)-camptothecin (CPT), a strongly cytotoxic molecule with excellent antitumor activity, no stable delivery system has been proposed so far for this drug based in MOFs. We here present novel DDSs based in amine functionalized MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-101(Fe) nanoMOFs with covalently bonded CPT. These CPT nanoplatforms are able to incorporate almost 20% of this molecule and show high stability at physiological pH, with no non-specific release. Based on their surface charge, some of these CPT loaded nanoMOFs present improved cell internalization in in vitro experiments. Moreover, a strong response to acid pH is observed, with up to four fold drug discharge at pH 5, which boost intracellular release by endosomolytic activity. These novel DDSs will help to achieve safe delivery of the very cytotoxic CPT, allowing to reduce the therapeutic dose and minimizing drug secondary effects. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (projects TEC2016-80976-R and SEV-2016-0683) is gratefully acknowledged. A.C.G. thanks the La Caixa Foundation for a Ph.D. scholarship. We fully appreciate the assistance of the Electron Microscopy Service of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Cabrera-García, A.; Checa-Chavarria, E.; Rivero-Buceta, EM.; Moreno Manzano, V.; Fernandez Jover, E.; Botella Asuncion, P. (2019). Amino modified metal-organic frameworks as pH-responsive nanoplatforms for safe delivery of camptothecin. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 541:163-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.01.042S16317454

Engineered Contrast Agents in a Single Structure for T1-T2 Dual Magnetic Resonance Imaging

[EN] The development of contrast agents (CAs) for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with T-1-T-2 dual-mode relaxivity requires the accurate assembly of T-1 and T-2 magnetic centers in a single structure. In this context, we have synthesized a novel hybrid material by monitoring the formation of Prussian Blue analogue Gd(H2O)(4)[Fe(CN)(6)] nanoparticles with tailored shape (from nanocrosses to nanorods) and size, and further protection with a thin and homogeneous silica coating through hydrolysis and polymerization of silicate at neutral pH. The resulting Gd(H2O)(4)[Fe(CN)(6)]@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles are very stable in biological fluids. Interestingly, this combination of Gd and Fe magnetic centers closely packed in the crystalline network promotes a magnetic synergistic effect, which results in significant improvement of longitudinal relaxivity with regards to soluble Gd3+ chelates, whilst keeping the high transversal relaxivity inherent to the iron component. As a consequence, this material shows excellent activity as MRI CA, improving positive and negative contrasts in T-1- and T-2-weighted MR images, both in in vitro (e.g., phantom) and in vivo (e.g., Sprague-Dawley rats) models. In addition, this hybrid shows a high biosafety profile and has strong ability to incorporate organic molecules on the surface with variable functionality, displaying great potential for further clinical application.Financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (projects TEC2016-80976-R and SEV-2016-0683) is gratefully acknowledged. Dr E. M. Rivero thanks the Cursol Foundation for a post-doctoral scholarship. A. C. G. also thanks the La Caixa Foundation for a Ph.D. scholarship. We fully appreciate the assistance of the Electron Microscopy Service of the UPV and INSCANNER S.L.Cabrera-García, A.; Checa-Chavarria, E.; Pacheco-Torres, J.; Bernabeu-Sanz, A.; Vidal Moya, JA.; Rivero-Buceta, EM.; Sastre Navarro, GI.... (2018). Engineered Contrast Agents in a Single Structure for T1-T2 Dual Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Nanoscale. 10(14):6349-6360. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nr07948fS634963601014Bolan, P. J., Nelson, M. T., Yee, D., & Garwood, M. (2005). Imaging in breast cancer: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Breast Cancer Research, 7(4). doi:10.1186/bcr1202Mitchell, R. E., Katz, M. H., McKiernan, J. M., & Benson, M. C. (2005). The evaluation and staging of clinically localized prostate cancer. Nature Clinical Practice Urology, 2(8), 356-357. doi:10.1038/ncpuro0260Colombo, M., Carregal-Romero, S., Casula, M. F., Gutiérrez, L., Morales, M. P., Böhm, I. B., … Parak, W. J. (2012). Biological applications of magnetic nanoparticles. Chemical Society Reviews, 41(11), 4306. doi:10.1039/c2cs15337hMi, P., Kokuryo, D., Cabral, H., Wu, H., Terada, Y., Saga, T., … Kataoka, K. (2016). A pH-activatable nanoparticle with signal-amplification capabilities for non-invasive imaging of tumour malignancy. Nature Nanotechnology, 11(8), 724-730. doi:10.1038/nnano.2016.72Cheng, W., Ping, Y., Zhang, Y., Chuang, K.-H., & Liu, Y. (2013). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Contrast Agents for Tumor Diagnosis. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 4(1), 23-46. doi:10.1260/2040-2295.4.1.23Lauffer, R. B. (1987). Paramagnetic metal complexes as water proton relaxation agents for NMR imaging: theory and design. Chemical Reviews, 87(5), 901-927. doi:10.1021/cr00081a003Caravan, P., Ellison, J. J., McMurry, T. J., & Lauffer, R. B. (1999). Gadolinium(III) Chelates as MRI Contrast Agents:  Structure, Dynamics, and Applications. Chemical Reviews, 99(9), 2293-2352. doi:10.1021/cr980440xDavis, M. E., Chen, Z., & Shin, D. M. (2008). Nanoparticle therapeutics: an emerging treatment modality for cancer. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 7(9), 771-782. doi:10.1038/nrd2614Lee, N., & Hyeon, T. (2012). Designed synthesis of uniformly sized iron oxide nanoparticles for efficient magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Chem. Soc. Rev., 41(7), 2575-2589. doi:10.1039/c1cs15248cHasebroock, K. M., & Serkova, N. J. (2009). Toxicity of MRI and CT contrast agents. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology, 5(4), 403-416. doi:10.1517/17425250902873796Khawaja, A. Z., Cassidy, D. B., Al Shakarchi, J., McGrogan, D. G., Inston, N. G., & Jones, R. G. (2015). Revisiting the risks of MRI with Gadolinium based contrast agents—review of literature and guidelines. Insights into Imaging, 6(5), 553-558. doi:10.1007/s13244-015-0420-2Lee, N., Yoo, D., Ling, D., Cho, M. H., Hyeon, T., & Cheon, J. (2015). Iron Oxide Based Nanoparticles for Multimodal Imaging and Magnetoresponsive Therapy. Chemical Reviews, 115(19), 10637-10689. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00112Zhou, Z., Bai, R., Munasinghe, J., Shen, Z., Nie, L., & Chen, X. (2017). T1–T2 Dual-Modal Magnetic Resonance Imaging: From Molecular Basis to Contrast Agents. ACS Nano, 11(6), 5227-5232. doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b03075Shin, T.-H., Choi, Y., Kim, S., & Cheon, J. (2015). Recent advances in magnetic nanoparticle-based multi-modal imaging. Chemical Society Reviews, 44(14), 4501-4516. doi:10.1039/c4cs00345dBae, K. H., Kim, Y. B., Lee, Y., Hwang, J., Park, H., & Park, T. G. (2010). Bioinspired Synthesis and Characterization of Gadolinium-Labeled Magnetite Nanoparticles for Dual ContrastT1- andT2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Bioconjugate Chemistry, 21(3), 505-512. doi:10.1021/bc900424uPeng, Y.-K., Lui, C. N. P., Chen, Y.-W., Chou, S.-W., Raine, E., Chou, P.-T., … Tsang, S. C. E. (2017). Engineering of Single Magnetic Particle Carrier for Living Brain Cell Imaging: A Tunable T1-/T2-/Dual-Modal Contrast Agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Application. Chemistry of Materials, 29(10), 4411-4417. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b00884Choi, J., Lee, J.-H., Shin, T.-H., Song, H.-T., Kim, E. Y., & Cheon, J. (2010). Self-Confirming «AND» Logic Nanoparticles for Fault-Free MRI. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132(32), 11015-11017. doi:10.1021/ja104503gShin, T.-H., Choi, J., Yun, S., Kim, I.-S., Song, H.-T., Kim, Y., … Cheon, J. (2014). T1andT2Dual-Mode MRI Contrast Agent for Enhancing Accuracy by Engineered Nanomaterials. ACS Nano, 8(4), 3393-3401. doi:10.1021/nn405977tCheng, K., Yang, M., Zhang, R., Qin, C., Su, X., & Cheng, Z. (2014). Hybrid Nanotrimers for Dual T1 and T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ACS Nano, 8(10), 9884-9896. doi:10.1021/nn500188yZhou, Z., Huang, D., Bao, J., Chen, Q., Liu, G., Chen, Z., … Gao, J. (2012). A Synergistically EnhancedT1-T2Dual-Modal Contrast Agent. Advanced Materials, 24(46), 6223-6228. doi:10.1002/adma.201203169Huang, G., Li, H., Chen, J., Zhao, Z., Yang, L., Chi, X., … Gao, J. (2014). Tunable T1and T2contrast abilities of manganese-engineered iron oxide nanoparticles through size control. Nanoscale, 6(17), 10404. doi:10.1039/c4nr02680bPerrier, M., Kenouche, S., Long, J., Thangavel, K., Larionova, J., Goze-Bac, C., … Guari, Y. (2013). Investigation on NMR Relaxivity of Nano-Sized Cyano-Bridged Coordination Polymers. Inorganic Chemistry, 52(23), 13402-13414. doi:10.1021/ic401710jPerera, V. S., Yang, L. D., Hao, J., Chen, G., Erokwu, B. O., Flask, C. A., … Huang, S. D. (2014). Biocompatible Nanoparticles of KGd(H2O)2[Fe(CN)6]·H2O with Extremely HighT1-Weighted Relaxivity Owing to Two Water Molecules Directly Bound to the Gd(III) Center. Langmuir, 30(40), 12018-12026. doi:10.1021/la501985pCai, X., Gao, W., Ma, M., Wu, M., Zhang, L., Zheng, Y., … Shi, J. (2015). A Prussian Blue-Based Core-Shell Hollow-Structured Mesoporous Nanoparticle as a Smart Theranostic Agent with Ultrahigh pH-Responsive Longitudinal Relaxivity. Advanced Materials, 27(41), 6382-6389. doi:10.1002/adma.201503381Yang, L., Zhou, Z., Liu, H., Wu, C., Zhang, H., Huang, G., … Gao, J. (2015). Europium-engineered iron oxide nanocubes with high T1and T2contrast abilities for MRI in living subjects. Nanoscale, 7(15), 6843-6850. doi:10.1039/c5nr00774gCabrera-García, A., Vidal-Moya, A., Bernabeu, Á., Sánchez-González, J., Fernández, E., & Botella, P. (2015). Gd–Si oxide mesoporous nanoparticles with pre-formed morphology prepared from a Prussian blue analogue template. Dalton Transactions, 44(31), 14034-14041. doi:10.1039/c5dt01928aCabrera-García, A., Vidal-Moya, A., Bernabeu, Á., Pacheco-Torres, J., Checa-Chavarria, E., Fernández, E., & Botella, P. (2016). Gd-Si Oxide Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Nanomaterials, 6(6), 109. doi:10.3390/nano6060109Botella, P., Corma, A., & Quesada, M. (2012). Synthesis of ordered mesoporous silica templated with biocompatible surfactants and applications in controlled release of drugs. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 22(13), 6394. doi:10.1039/c2jm16291aMascharak, P. K. (1986). Convenient synthesis of tris(tetraethylammonium) hexacyanoferrate(III) and its use as an oxidant with tunable redox potential. Inorganic Chemistry, 25(3), 245-247. doi:10.1021/ic00223a001Clemments, A. M., Muniesa, C., Landry, C. C., & Botella, P. (2014). Effect of surface properties in protein corona development on mesoporous silica nanoparticles. RSC Adv., 4(55), 29134-29138. doi:10.1039/c4ra03277bOyane, A., Kim, H.-M., Furuya, T., Kokubo, T., Miyazaki, T., & Nakamura, T. (2003). Preparation and assessment of revised simulated body fluids. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 65A(2), 188-195. doi:10.1002/jbm.a.10482Blüml, S., Schad, L. R., Stepanow, B., & Lorenz, W. J. (1993). Spin-lattice relaxation time measurement by means of a TurboFLASH technique. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 30(3), 289-295. doi:10.1002/mrm.1910300304Hennig, J., & Friedburg, H. (1988). Clinical applications and methodological developments of the RARE technique. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 6(4), 391-395. doi:10.1016/0730-725x(88)90475-4Hennig, J., Nauerth, A., & Friedburg, H. (1986). RARE imaging: A fast imaging method for clinical MR. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 3(6), 823-833. doi:10.1002/mrm.1910030602Yamada, M., & Yonekura, S. (2009). Nanometric Metal−Organic Framework of Ln[Fe(CN)6]: Morphological Analysis and Thermal Conversion Dynamics by Direct TEM Observation. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 113(52), 21531-21537. doi:10.1021/jp907180eNavarro, M. C., Pannunzio-Miner, E. V., Pagola, S., Gómez, M. I., & Carbonio, R. E. (2005). Structural refinement of Nd[Fe(CN)6]·4H2O and study of NdFeO3 obtained by its oxidative thermal decomposition at very low temperatures. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 178(3), 847-854. doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2004.11.026Ding, Y., Chu, X., Hong, X., Zou, P., & Liu, Y. (2012). The infrared fingerprint signals of silica nanoparticles and its application in immunoassay. Applied Physics Letters, 100(1), 013701. doi:10.1063/1.3673549Botella, P., Abasolo, I., Fernández, Y., Muniesa, C., Miranda, S., Quesada, M., … Corma, A. (2011). Surface-modified silica nanoparticles for tumor-targeted delivery of camptothecin and its biological evaluation. Journal of Controlled Release, 156(2), 246-257. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.06.039Na, H. B., Lee, J. H., An, K., Park, Y. I., Park, M., Lee, I. S., … Hyeon, T. (2007). Development of aT1 Contrast Agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using MnO Nanoparticles. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 46(28), 5397-5401. doi:10.1002/anie.200604775Deng, Y., Li, E., Cheng, X., Zhu, J., Lu, S., Ge, C., … Pan, Y. (2016). Facile preparation of hybrid core–shell nanorods for photothermal and radiation combined therapy. Nanoscale, 8(7), 3895-3899. doi:10.1039/c5nr09102kBottrill, M., Kwok, L., & Long, N. J. (2006). Lanthanides in magnetic resonance imaging. Chemical Society Reviews, 35(6), 557. doi:10.1039/b516376pZhang, W., Martinelli, J., Peters, J. A., van Hengst, J. M. A., Bouwmeester, H., Kramer, E., … Djanashvili, K. (2017). Surface PEG Grafting Density Determines Magnetic Relaxation Properties of Gd-Loaded Porous Nanoparticles for MR Imaging Applications. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9(28), 23458-23465. doi:10.1021/acsami.7b05912Li, Y., Chen, T., Tan, W., & Talham, D. R. (2014). Size-Dependent MRI Relaxivity and Dual Imaging with Eu0.2Gd0.8PO4·H2O Nanoparticles. Langmuir, 30(20), 5873-5879. doi:10.1021/la500602xT. L. Riss , R. A.Moravec , A. L.Niles , S.Duellman , H. A.Benink , T. J.Worzella and L.Minor , Cell Viability Assays , in Assay Guidance Manual , Eli Lilly & Company and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences , Bethesda, MD , 2012Mahmoudi, M., Lynch, I., Ejtehadi, M. R., Monopoli, M. P., Bombelli, F. B., & Laurent, S. (2011). Protein−Nanoparticle Interactions: Opportunities and Challenges. Chemical Reviews, 111(9), 5610-5637. doi:10.1021/cr100440gLu, J., Liong, M., Li, Z., Zink, J. I., & Tamanoi, F. (2010). Biocompatibility, Biodistribution, and Drug-Delivery Efficiency of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy in Animals. Small, 6(16), 1794-1805. doi:10.1002/smll.20100053

Insulin-like growth factor II neuroprotective effects against mitochondrial-oxidative and neuronal damage induced by CORT and MPP+ in dopaminergic neurons

Aims: Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects 1–3% of the population aged over 65. Stress seems to contribute to PD neuropathology, probably by dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Key factors are oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal glucocorticoid-induced toxicity. Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) has shown antioxidant and neuroprotective effects in some neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, our aim was to study IGF-II protective effects against oxidative damage on a cellular combined model of PD and mild to moderate stress, based on corticosterone (CORT) and the dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). Methods: The dopaminergic neuronal cell line SN4741 (RRID:CVCL_S466) derived from mouse substantia nigra were exposed to 200 μM MPP+, 0.5 μM CORT or both, with or without 25 ng/mL IGF-II, for 2.5 or 6 h. Cell viability, oxidative stress parameters, mitochondrial and dopamine markers and intracellular signaling pathways were evaluated. Results: The administration of MPP+ or CORT individually led to cell damage compared to control situations, whereas the combination of both drugs produced very considerable toxic synergistic effect. IGF-II counteracts the mitochondrial-oxidative damage, protecting dopaminergic neurons from death and neurodegeneration. IGF-II promotes PKC activation and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 antioxidant response in a glucocorticoid receptor-dependent pathway, preventing oxidative cell damage and maintaining mitochondrial function. Conclusions: IGF-II capacity to protect nigral dopamine neurons against mitochondrial-oxidative damage induced by CORT and MPP+ was demonstrated. Thus, IGF-II is a potential therapeutic tool for prevention and treatment of PD patients suffering mild to moderate emotional stress.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Materiales Dentales. Módulo 1 : Manual de apoyo teórico

Índice : U.T. 1.- Estructura de los materiales -- U.T. 2.- Propiedades de los materiales -- U.T. 3.- Propiedades químicas -- U.T. 4. - Biomateriales y biocompatibilidad -- U.T. 5.- Generalidades de los materiales de Impresión. Alginato -- U.T. 6.- Yesos -- U.T. 7.- Polimerización -- U.T. 8.- Compuestos termoplásticos y cinquenólicos -- U.T. 9.- Elastómeros