LÓPEZ FACAL, R.; VELASCO MARTÍNEZ, L.; SANTIDRIÁN ARIAS, V.; ARMAS CASTRO, X.: PENSAR HISTÓRICAMENTE EN TIEMPOS DE GLOBALIZACIÓN. ACTAS DEL PRIMER CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL SOBRE DIDÁCTICA DE LA HISTORIA, SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA, USC, 2011. 800pp. 30€

Recensión del libro:LÓPEZ FACAL, R.; VELASCO MARTÍNEZ, L.; SANTIDRIÁN ARIAS, V.; ARMAS CASTRO, X.: Pensar históricamente en tiempos de globalización. Santiago de Compostela: USC.PENSAR HISTÓRICAMENTE EN TIEMPOS DE GLOBALIZACIÓN. ACTAS DEL PRIMER CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL SOBRE DIDÁCTICA DE LA HISTORIA, SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA, USC, 2011. 800pp. 30€

Genetic differences in host infectivity affect disease spread and survival in epidemics

Abstract Survival during an epidemic is partly determined by host genetics. While quantitative genetic studies typically consider survival as an indicator for disease resistance (an individual’s propensity to avoid becoming infected or diseased), mortality rates of populations undergoing an epidemic are also affected by endurance (the propensity of diseased individual to survive the infection) and infectivity (i.e. the propensity of an infected individual to transmit disease). Few studies have demonstrated genetic variation in disease endurance, and no study has demonstrated genetic variation in host infectivity, despite strong evidence for considerable phenotypic variation in this trait. Here we propose an experimental design and statistical models for estimating genetic diversity in all three host traits. Using an infection model in fish we provide, for the first time, direct evidence for genetic variation in host infectivity, in addition to variation in resistance and endurance. We also demonstrate how genetic differences in these three traits contribute to survival. Our results imply that animals can evolve different disease response types affecting epidemic survival rates, with important implications for understanding and controlling epidemics

Validation of the neuroconnective endophenotype questionnaire (NEQ): a new clinical tool for medicine and psychiatry resulting from the contribution of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome

IntroductionThe link between anxiety disorders and joint hypermobility syndrome (now under hypermobility spectrum disorders, which include hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome) has been widely replicated over the past 30 years and has grown beyond the initial nosological limits. To integrate clinical and research progress in this field, a new neuroconnective endophenotype (NE) and its corresponding instrument, the Neuroconnective Endophenotype Questionnaire (NEQ), have been developed. This new clinical construct, created with the active participation of patients, includes both somatic and psychological dimensions and symptoms and resilience items.MethodsThe NE includes five dimensions: (1) sensorial sensitivity, (2) body signs and symptoms, (3) somatic conditions, (4) polar behavioral strategies, and (5) psychological and psychopathological dimensions. The NEQ information is collected through four self-administered questionnaires (sensorial sensitivity, body signs and symptoms, polar behavioral strategies, and psychological characteristics) and a structured diagnostic part that should be completed by a trained observer. This hetero-administered part incorporates (a) psychiatric diagnoses (using structured criteria, e.g., MINI), (b) somatic disorders diagnosis, using structured criteria, and (c) assessment of joint hypermobility criteria.ResultsIn a sample of 36 anxiety cases with 36 matched controls, the NEQ obtained high scores for test–retest, inter-rater reliability, and internal consistency. As for predictive validity, cases and controls significantly differed in all five dimensions and hypermobility measurements.DiscussionWe can conclude that the NEQ has achieved acceptable reliability and validity values and, therefore, is ready to be used and tested in different samples. This original and consistent construct including somatic and mental items may improve clinical specificity, the search for more comprehensive therapies, and their genetic and neuroimaging bases

Ventilator output splitting interface ‘ACRA’: Description and evaluation in lung simulators and in an experimental ARDS animal model

The current COVID-19 pandemic has led the world to an unprecedented global shortage of ventilators, and its sharing has been proposed as an alternative to meet the surge. This study outlines the performance of a preformed novel interface called’ACRA’, designed to split ventilator outflow into two breathing systems. The’ACRA’ interface was built using medical use approved components. It consists of four unidirectional valves, two adjustable flow-restrictor valves placed on the inspiratory limbs of each unit, and one adjustable PEEP valve placed on the expiratory limb of the unit that would require a greater PEEP. The interface was interposed between a ventilator and two lung units (phase I), two breathing simulators (phase II) and two live pigs with heterogeneous lung conditions (phase III). The interface and ventilator adjustments tested the ability to regulate individual pressures and the resulting tidal volumes. Data were analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests test (p < 0.05). Ventilator outflow splitting, independent pressure adjustments and individual tidal volume monitoring were feasible in all phases. In all experimental measurements, dual ventilation allowed for individual and tight adjustments of the pressure, and thus volume delivered to each paired lung unit without affecting the other unit’s ventilation—all the modifications performed on the ventilator equally affected both paired lung units. Although only suggested during a dire crisis, this experiment supports dual ventilation as an alternative worth to be considered.Fil: Otero, Pablo Ezequiel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Anestesiología y Algiología; ArgentinaFil: Tarragona, Lisa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Anestesiología y Algiología; ArgentinaFil: Zaccagnini, Andrea Silvia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Anestesiología y Algiología; ArgentinaFil: Verdier, Natali. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Anestesiología y Algiología; ArgentinaFil: Ceballos, Martin. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Anestesiología y Algiología; ArgentinaFil: Gogniat, Emiliano. Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva.; ArgentinaFil: Cabaleiro, Juan Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica. Laboratorio de Fluidodinámica; ArgentinaFil: D'adamo, Juan Gastón Leonel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica. Laboratorio de Fluidodinámica; ArgentinaFil: Duriez, Thomas Pierre Cornil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica. Laboratorio de Fluidodinámica; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Eijo, Pedro Manuel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica. Laboratorio de Fluidodinámica; ArgentinaFil: Artana, Guillermo Osvaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica. Laboratorio de Fluidodinámica; Argentin

Disentangling genetic variation for resistance and endurance to scuticociliatosis in turbot using pedigree and genomic information

Selective breeding for improving host responses to infectious pathogens is a promising option for disease control. In fact, disease resilience, the ability of a host to survive or cope with infectious challenge, has become a highly desirable breeding goal. However, resilience is a complex trait composed of two different host defence mechanisms, namely resistance (the ability of a host to avoid becoming infected or diseased) and endurance (the ability of an infected host to survive the infection). While both could be targeted for genetic improvement, it is currently unknown how they contribute to survival, as reliable estimates of genetic parameters for both traits obtained simultaneously are scarce. A difficulty lies in obtaining endurance phenotypes for genetic analyses. In this study, we present the results from an innovative challenge test carried out in turbot whose design allowed disentangling the genetic basis of resistance and endurance to Philasterides dicentrarchi, a parasite causing scuticociliatosis that leads to substantial economic losses in the aquaculture industry. A noticeable characteristic of the parasite is that it causes visual signs that can be used for disentangling resistance and endurance. Our results showed the existence of genetic variation for both traits (heritability = 0.26 and 0.12 for resistance and endurance, respectively) and for the composite trait resilience (heritability = 0.15). The genetic correlation between resistance and resilience was very high (0.90) indicating that both are at a large extent the same trait, but no significant genetic correlation was found between resistance and endurance. A total of 18,125 SNPs obtained from 2b-RAD sequencing enabled genome-wide association analyses for detecting QTLs controlling the three traits. A candidate QTL region on linkage group 19 that explains 33% of the additive genetic variance was identified for resilience. The region contains relevant genes related to immune response and defence mechanisms. Although no significant associations were found for resistance, the pattern of association was the same as for resilience. For endurance, one significant association was found on linkage group 2. The accuracy of genomic breeding values was also explored for resilience, showing that it increased by 12% when compared with the accuracy of pedigree-based breeding values. To our knowledge, this is the first study in turbot disentangling the genetic basis of resistance and endurance to scuticociliatosis.This work was supported by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (KBBE.2013.1.2-659 10) under Grant Agreement No. 613611, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain (Grant CGL2016-75904-C2-2-P), and Fondos FEDER.S

Bipolar multiplex families have an increased burden of common risk variants for psychiatric disorders.

Multiplex families with a high prevalence of a psychiatric disorder are often examined to identify rare genetic variants with large effect sizes. In the present study, we analysed whether the risk for bipolar disorder (BD) in BD multiplex families is influenced by common genetic variants. Furthermore, we investigated whether this risk is conferred mainly by BD-specific risk variants or by variants also associated with the susceptibility to schizophrenia or major depression. In total, 395 individuals from 33 Andalusian BD multiplex families (166 BD, 78 major depressive disorder, 151 unaffected) as well as 438 subjects from an independent, BD case/control cohort (161 unrelated BD, 277 unrelated controls) were analysed. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for BD, schizophrenia (SCZ), and major depression were calculated and compared between the cohorts. Both the familial BD cases and unaffected family members had higher PRS for all three psychiatric disorders than the independent controls, with BD and SCZ being significant after correction for multiple testing, suggesting a high baseline risk for several psychiatric disorders in the families. Moreover, familial BD cases showed significantly higher BD PRS than unaffected family members and unrelated BD cases. A plausible hypothesis is that, in multiplex families with a general increase in risk for psychiatric disease, BD development is attributable to a high burden of common variants that confer a specific risk for BD. The present analyses demonstrated that common genetic risk variants for psychiatric disorders are likely to contribute to the high incidence of affective psychiatric disorders in the multiplex families. However, the PRS explained only part of the observed phenotypic variance, and rare variants might have also contributed to disease development

López Facal, R.; Velasco Martínez, L.; Santidrián Arias, V.; Armas Castro, X.: Pensar históricamente en tiempos de globalización. Actas del primer Congreso Internacional sobre Didáctica de la Historia, Santiago de Compostela, USC, 2011. 800 pp. 30€

Recensión del libro:LÓPEZ FACAL, R.; VELASCO MARTÍNEZ, L.; SANTIDRIÁN ARIAS, V.; ARMAS CASTRO, X.: PENSAR HISTÓRICAMENTE EN TIEMPOS DE GLOBALIZACIÓN. ACTAS DEL PRIMER CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL SOBRE DIDÁCTICA DE LA HISTORIA, SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA, USC, 2011. 800pp. 30€

Proceso Certificación EASA para la Aprobación de un Certificado de Tipo mediante un Proceso DOA de un Nuevo Material Aeronáutico, Aerogel

[ES] En el presente Proyecto Final de Carrera se aborda una cuestión compleja, actual y de gran importancia en el sector aeronáutico: la Certificación Aeronáutica y el proceso para realizar la certificación EASA. Para ello, se ha partido de un análisis del contexto, necesario para comprender tanto la problemática de la cuestión, como el alcance y relevancia de la misma, describiendo de esta forma los Organismos Internacionales relacionados al tema del PFC y los documentos y características de la normativa de estos Organismos. También se ha descrito detalladamente el proceso de certificación y la situación, en la que la empresa que está realizando el proyecto que se cita en el PFC, se encuentra. En este documento se han dado evidencias de que la regulación es una parte fundamental en el sector aeronáutico. En el presente Proyecto Final de Carrera (PFC) se aborda la cuestión de la Certificación Aeronáutica y el proceso para realizar la certificación EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency). Se trata de un tema en ocasiones complejo por la cantidad de documentación que requiere, pero de gran importancia para el sector aeronáutico. En la primera parte se analiza el contexto, el alcance y la relevancia de los procesos de certificación dentro del sector aeronáutico. En el segundo bloque se describen los Organismos Internacionales relacionados con el tema del PFC, la normativa que elaboran y los documentos necesarios para la certificación. Por último se describe el proceso y documentación para la certificación del AerogelBenet Cabaleiro, A. (2014). Proceso Certificación EASA para la Aprobación de un Certificado de Tipo mediante un Proceso DOA de un Nuevo Material Aeronáutico, Aerogel. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/181830Archivo delegad

Íber : didáctica de las ciencias sociales, geografía e historia

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónSe analiza el uso de una fuente literaria como recurso para el aprendizaje de la historia en un contexto de educación formal. Asimismo, se propone el empleo complementario de recursos literarios y audiovisuales en la clase de historia, y para ello se plantea la utilización de Los gozos y las sombras de Gonzalo Torrente Ballester y su adaptación audiovisual, de acceso gratuito a través de la web de RTVE. El objeto de la propuesta se centra en elaborar un marco de aprendizaje colaborativo para 1.º de bachillerato.Biblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional; Calle San Agustín, 5; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]