Mild And Moderate Extraction Methods To Assess Potentially Available Soil Organic Nitrogen

The use of chemical methods to assess the soil organic nitrogen (N) potentially available to plants is not a common practice in Brazil. However, associated with others, this tool might improve efficiency in the use of waste and nitrogen fertilizers. In our study, chemical methods were tested to assess potentially available soil N in samples of 17 representative soils of the western plateau of the state of São Paulo (10 Oxisols and 7 Ultisols). Available soil N was extracted from the collected soil samples using moderate (ISNT-Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test) and mild (hot water and heated solutions of 2 mol L-1 KCl and 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2) extraction methods. The levels of potentially available N obtained from these chemical methods were correlated with dry matter (DM) and N uptake (Nup) by corn plants grown in pots in a greenhouse experiment carried out with the same 17 soil samples. The ISNT method showed the highest available N extraction capacity, whereas hot water showed the lowest capacity, followed closely by the hot 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2 solution. Despite the differences among the quantities of available N extracted, the methods correlated with each other and with DM and Nup, but the values from the ISNT method showed the lowest correlation with plant variables (rDM = 0.67** and rNup = 0.81**). Procedures of extraction with water or 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2 heated for 16 h, and 2 mol L-1 KCl heated for 4 h, resulted in similar correlation values (r) with plant DM and Nup. Thus, water (rDM = 0.77** and rNup = 0.90**) and 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2 (rDM = 0.82** and rNup = 0.93**) heated for 16 h can be recommended as the best options for N extraction. considering the possibility for predicting N availability, lower generation of waste, and lower cost of analysis. © 2016, Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo. All rights reserved.4

Expression Of Vegf And Flk-1 And Flt-1 Receptors During Blood-brain Barrier (bbb) Impairment Following Phoneutria Nigriventer Spider Venom Exposure

Apart from its angiogenic and vascular permeation activity, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been also reported as a potent neuronal protector. Newborn rats with low VEGF levels develop neuron degeneration, while high levels induce protective mechanisms in several neuropathological conditions. Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom (PNV) disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and causes neuroinflammation in central neurons along with excitotoxic signals in rats and humans. All these changes are transient. Herein, we examined the expression of VEGF and its receptors, Flt-1 and Flk-1 in the hippocampal neurons following envenomation by PNV. Adult and neonatal rats were evaluated at time limits of 2, 5 and 24 h. Additionally, BBB integrity was assessed by measuring the expression of occludin, β-catenin and laminin and neuron viability was evaluated by NeuN expression. VEGF, Flt-1 and Flk-1 levels increased in PNV-administered rats, concurrently with respective mRNAs. Flt-1 and Flk-1 immunolabeling was nuclear in neurons of hippocampal regions, instead of the VEGF membrane-bound typical location. These changes occurred simultaneously with the transient decreases in BBB-associated proteins and NeuN positivity. Adult rats showed more prominent expressional increases of the VEGF/Flt-1/Flk-1 system and earlier recovery of BBB-related proteins than neonates. We conclude that the reactive expressional changes seen here suggest that VEGF and receptors could have a role in the excitotoxic mechanism of PNV and that such role would be less efficient in neonate rats. © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.51225722588Vassilevsky, A.A., Koslov, S.A., Egorov, T.A., Grishin, E.V., Purification and characterization of biologically active peptides from spider venoms (2010) Methods Mol. 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The building information modelling trajectory in facilities management: A review

There is a paucity of literature that examines building information modelling (BIM) for asset management within the architecture, engineering, construction and owner-operated (AECO) sector. This paper therefore presents a thorough review of published literature on the latest research and standards development that impact upon BIM and its application in facilities management (FM) during the operations and maintenance (O&M) phase of building usage. The purpose is to generate new ideas and provide polemic clarity geared to intellectually challenge readers from across a range of academic and industrial disciplines. The findings reveal that significant challenges facing the FM sector include the need for: greater consideration of long-term strategic aspirations; amelioration of data integration/interoperability issues; augmented knowledge management; enhanced performance measurement; and enriched training and competence development for facilities managers to better deal with the amorphous range of services covered by FM. Future work is also proposed in several key areas and includes: case studies to observe and report upon current practice and development; and supplementary research related to concepts of knowledge capture in relation to FM and the growing use of BIM for asset management

Selecao de Extratores Quimicos para Avaliacao da Disponibilidade de Zinco em Solos do Estado de Sao Paulo.

Estudaram-se, metodos para avaliacao da disponibilidade de Zn empregando-se amostras da camada aravel de solos pertencentes aos grandes grupos: Solos Podzolizados de Lins e Marilia, var. Lins e var. Marilia, Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro textura media, Latossolo Roxo e Terra Roxa Estruturada. O Zn foi extraido com: CaCl2 0,5 M, MgCl2 2,0 N, CH3 COONH4 1,0 N pH 4,8 e 6,0, HCl 0,05 N e 0,1 N, H2SO4 0,05 N, DTPA 0,005 M pH 7,3 e pH 6,0, Na2-EDTA 1,0%, EDTA 0,01 M + (NH4)2CO3 1,0 M pH 8,6 e EDTA 0,02 M + CH3COOH 0,5 M + CH3COONH4 0,5 M pH 4,65. No ensaio em casa de vegetacao foi usa-do o milho. As solucoes de agentes complexantes a as acidas constituiram-se em extratores eficientes. As saunas apresentaram baixa capacidade de extracao e consequentemente maior imprecisao. Considerando-se aspectos relacionados a simplicidade de manuseio e precisao, os extratores DTPA 0,005 M pH 7,3 e Na2-EDTA 1,0% podem ser indicados corno mais apropriados (valores de C.V. iguais a 7,52% e 7,98% e de r, com Zn extraido pela planta a 0,873** e 0,868**).Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-09T12:14:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pab12fev92.pdf: 503648 bytes, checksum: 4d9069a8db68f353f592faa46fe3b5a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-08-23199