29 research outputs found
Measurement of the inclusive and dijet cross-sections of b-jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
The inclusive and dijet production cross-sections have been measured for jets
containing b-hadrons (b-jets) in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass
energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The
measurements use data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb^-1.
The b-jets are identified using either a lifetime-based method, where secondary
decay vertices of b-hadrons in jets are reconstructed using information from
the tracking detectors, or a muon-based method where the presence of a muon is
used to identify semileptonic decays of b-hadrons inside jets. The inclusive
b-jet cross-section is measured as a function of transverse momentum in the
range 20 < pT < 400 GeV and rapidity in the range |y| < 2.1. The bbbar-dijet
cross-section is measured as a function of the dijet invariant mass in the
range 110 < m_jj < 760 GeV, the azimuthal angle difference between the two jets
and the angular variable chi in two dijet mass regions. The results are
compared with next-to-leading-order QCD predictions. Good agreement is observed
between the measured cross-sections and the predictions obtained using POWHEG +
Pythia. MC@NLO + Herwig shows good agreement with the measured bbbar-dijet
cross-section. However, it does not reproduce the measured inclusive
cross-section well, particularly for central b-jets with large transverse
momenta.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (21 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final
version published in European Physical Journal
Measurement of charged-particle event shape variables in inclusive root(s)=7 TeV proton-proton interactions with the ATLAS detector
The measurement of charged-particle event shape variables is presented in inclusive inelastic pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The observables studied are the transverse thrust, thrust minor, and transverse sphericity, each defined using the final-state charged particles' momentum components perpendicular to the beam direction. Events with at least six charged particles are selected by a minimum-bias trigger. In addition to the differential distributions, the evolution of each event shape variable as a function of the leading charged-particle transverse momentum, charged-particle multiplicity, and summed transverse momentum is presented. Predictions from several Monte Carlo models show significant deviations from data
Bully for you : harassment and bullying in the workplace
Bullying and harassment is a significant predicament that
midwives face on a regular basis. Bullying and harassment
may be characterized by unpleasant, threatening, malevolent
or offensive behaviour. It involves abuse or misuse of power
intended to undermine, humiliate, denigrate or harm the
recipient. Deliberate bullying and/or harassment can have
a major impact upon physical and mental health, as well as
function within role. There are consequences for the persecutor, victim and institution in terms of health, cost and reputation. The objective of this paper is to provide managers with solutions to diminish levels of bullying and harassment within maternity units. To this effect, a bullying and harassment protocol has been written to guide managers to use appropriate strategies to diminish the intensity of bullying and harassment within their
unit. To audit success, a Bullying and Harassment Scale (BAHS) has been devised to measure effectiveness of interventions targeted at reducing the problem
Birth planning for midwives and mothers
If women are to be empowered to make choices for childbirth,
it is important that midwives explore and discuss their wishes and feelings about the delivery options available. Providing practical and sensible information should facilitate women with constructing a more accurate picture from which realistic hopes, fears and expectations can be formulated about impending labour. To facilitate midwives with this process, a flexible framework for a birth plan has been proposed. This easy to complete template can be used to assist childbearing women with assimilating their ambitions and desires regarding labour. Birth planning is important, since studies that compare womenâs expectations of childbirth with actual experience present contrasting accounts, with disappointment, guilt and failure compared with delight, pride and success. Since experiences differ it is recommended that midwives audit birth satisfaction
against womenâs birth plans. Results would inform auditors of whether there is satisfaction with a womanâs birth experience and the quality of care that she perceived she received. Womenâs articulated wishes about birth would facilitate understanding of why satisfaction/ dissatisfaction occurs
Fathers at the birth?
In the West there is a contemporary expectation that fathers
should be present at the birth of their babies (Longworth and Kingdon 2011), with many unclear of their job description(Vehvilainen-Julkunen and Liukkkonnen 1998). A former Royal College of Midwives (RCM) survey established that roughly 98 per cent of UK fathers were inclined to participate at the birth (Reid 1994), with around 97 per cent embracing positive attitudes towards the impending event (Hollins Martin 2008a). Longworth and Kingdon (2011) identified that some fathers were unsure about their role and how to involve themselves more
Obedience and conformity in clinical practice
This study analyzes the psychological processes involved
when a midwife accepts directions from a senior person. A
representative sample of 20 midwives were recruited from
7 maternity units in North Yorkshire. An inductive thematic
analysis was used to interpret interview data. Results showed that midwives respond to social influence from senior people using two processes: obedience and/or conformity. Thirteen (65%) excerpts informed that participantsâ interpreted direction from the senior person as instructions they were expected to follow (obedience) and seven (35%) showed that others voluntarily changed their viewpoint to agree with the one offered by the senior person (conformity). Participantsâ behaviour has been explained in terms of âlegitimacyâ, âperceived obligation to the organizationâ and âsocial identificationâ. These pressures create conflict between the midwivesâ knowledge of how they would prefer to behave and concern to please authority or fit into the social group. Consequently, it may be difficult for midwives to support safe requests from women that conflict with what a senior person
Nutrition and diet in menopause
Nutrition and Diet in Menopause is a single comprehensive source that will provide readers with an understanding of menopause. Holistic in its approach, this volume is divided into five sections covering psychological, endocrine and lifestyle factors, metabolism and physiology, bone and nutrition, cancer and nutrition, cardiovascular factors and dietary supplements in menopause. In-depth chapters review the potential long term consequences of menopause on the overall health of women, not only at the physical level including hot flushes (flashes), alterations to the genitourinary system, skin changes, decreased cardiovascular functions, hypertension, headache, back pain, and constipation. Written by international leaders and trendsetters, Nutrition and Diet in Menopause is essential reading for endocrinologists, cardiologists, nutritionists and all health care professionals who are interested in womenâs health