101 research outputs found
Classical transport equation in non-commutative QED at high temperature
We show that the high temperature behavior of non-commutative QED may be
simply obtained from Boltzmann transport equations for classical particles. The
transport equation for the charge neutral particle is shown to be
characteristically different from that for the charged particle. These
equations correctly generate, for arbitrary values of the non-commutative
parameter theta, the leading, gauge independent hard thermal loops, arising
from the fermion and the gauge sectors. We briefly discuss the generating
functional of hard thermal amplitudes.Comment: 11 page
Transport equation for the photon Wigner operator in non-commutative QED
We derive an exact quantum equation of motion for the photon Wigner operator
in non-commutative QED, which is gauge covariant. In the classical
approximation, this reduces to a simple transport equation which describes the
hard thermal effects in this theory. As an example of the effectiveness of this
method we show that, to leading order, this equation generates in a direct way
the Green amplitudes calculated perturbatively in quantum field theory at high
temperature.Comment: 13 pages, twocolumn revtex4 styl
Factors infuencing variation in investigations after a negative CT brain scan in suspected subarachnoid haemorrhage: A qualitative study
Introduction Variation in the approach to the patient with a possible subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) has been previously documented. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence emergency physicians’ decisions about diagnostic testing after a normal CT brain scan for ED patients with a headache suspicious of a SAH.
Methods We conducted an interview-based qualitative study informed by social constructionist theory. Fifteen emergency physicians from six EDs across Queensland, Australia, underwent individual face-to-face or telephone interviews. Content analysis was performed whereby transcripts were examined and coded independently by two co-investigators, who then jointly agreed on the influencing factors.
Results Six categories of influencing factors were identified. Patient interaction was at the forefront of the identified factors. This shared decision-making process incorporated ‘what the patient wants’ but may be biased by how the clinician communicates the benefits and harms of the diagnostic options to the patient. Patient risk profile, practice evidence and guidelines were also important. Other influencing factors included experiential factors of the clinician, consultation with colleagues and external influences where practice location and work processes impose constraints on test ordering external to the preferences of the clinician or patient. The six categories were organised within a conceptual framework comprising four components: the context, the evidence, the experience and the decision.
Conclusions When clinicians are faced with a diagnostic challenge, such as the workup of a patient with suspected SAH, there are a number of influencing factors that can result in a variation in approach. These need to be considered in approaches to improve the appropriateness and consistency of medical care.No Full Tex
Kontsevich product and gauge invariance
We analyze the question of gauge invariance in a flat
non-commutative space where the parameter of non-commutativity,
, is a local function satisfying Jacobi identity (and
thereby leading to an associative Kontsevich product). We show that in this
case, both gauge transformations as well as the definitions of covariant
derivatives have to modify so as to have a gauge invariant action. We work out
the gauge invariant actions for the matter fields in the fundamental and the
adjoint representations up to order while we discuss the gauge
invariant Maxwell theory up to order . We show that despite the
modifications in the gauge transformations, the covariant derivative and the
field strength, Seiberg-Witten map continues to hold for this theory. In this
theory, translations do not form a subgroup of the gauge transformations
(unlike in the case when is a constant) which is reflected in
the stress tensor not being conserved.Comment: 7 page
Transport spectroscopy in a time-modulated open quantum dot
We have investigated the time-modulated coherent quantum transport phenomena
in a ballistic open quantum dot. The conductance and the electron dwell
time in the dots are calculated by a time-dependent mode-matching method. Under
high-frequency modulation, the traversing electrons are found to exhibit three
types of resonant scatterings. They are intersideband scatterings: into
quasibound states in the dots, into true bound states in the dots, and into
quasibound states just beneath the subband threshold in the leads. Dip
structures or fano structures in are their signatures. Our results show
structures due to 2 intersideband processes. At the above
scattering resonances, we have estimated, according to our dwell time
calculation, the number of round-trip scatterings that the traversing electrons
undertake between the two dot openings.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Noncommutative massive Thirring model in three-dimensional spacetime
We evaluate the noncommutative Chern-Simons action induced by fermions
interacting with an Abelian gauge field in a noncommutative massive Thirring
model in (2+1)-dimensional spacetime. This calculation is performed in the
Dirac and Majorana representations. We observe that in Majorana representation
when goes to zero we do not have induced Chern-Simons term in the
dimensional regularization scheme.Comment: Accepted to Phys. Rev. D; 9 pages, Revtex4, no figures, references
added, minor improvements, Eq.31 correcte
Metric Properties of the Fuzzy Sphere
The fuzzy sphere, as a quantum metric space, carries a sequence of metrics
which we describe in detail. We show that the Bloch coherent states, with these
spectral distances, form a sequence of metric spaces that converge to the round
sphere in the high-spin limit.Comment: Slightly shortened version, no major changes, two new references,
version to appear on Letters in Mathematical Physic
The Exact Correspondence between Phase Times and Dwell Times in a Symmetrical Quantum Tunneling Configuration
The general and explicit relation between the phase time and the dwell time
for quantum tunneling or scattering is investigated. Considering a symmetrical
collision of two identical wave packets with an one-dimensional barrier, here
we demonstrate that these two distinct transit time definitions give connected
results where, however, the phase time (group delay) accurately describes the
exact position of the scattered particles. The analytical difficulties that
arise when the stationary phase method is employed for obtaining phase
(traversal) times are all overcome. Multiple wave packet decomposition allows
us to recover the exact position of the reflected and transmitted waves in
terms of the phase time, which, in addition to the exact relation between the
phase time and the dwell time, leads to right interpretation for both of them.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure
Combustion instabilities - Mating dance of chemical, combustion, and combustor dynamics
Mapping subnational HIV mortality in six Latin American countries with incomplete vital registration systems
BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a public health priority in Latin America. While the burden of HIV is historically concentrated in urban areas and high-risk groups, subnational estimates that cover multiple countries and years are missing. This paucity is partially due to incomplete vital registration (VR) systems and statistical challenges related to estimating mortality rates in areas with low numbers of HIV deaths. In this analysis, we address this gap and provide novel estimates of the HIV mortality rate and the number of HIV deaths by age group, sex, and municipality in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico.MethodsWe performed an ecological study using VR data ranging from 2000 to 2017, dependent on individual country data availability. We modeled HIV mortality using a Bayesian spatially explicit mixed-effects regression model that incorporates prior information on VR completeness. We calibrated our results to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.ResultsAll countries displayed over a 40-fold difference in HIV mortality between municipalities with the highest and lowest age-standardized HIV mortality rate in the last year of study for men, and over a 20-fold difference for women. Despite decreases in national HIV mortality in all countries-apart from Ecuador-across the period of study, we found broad variation in relative changes in HIV mortality at the municipality level and increasing relative inequality over time in all countries. In all six countries included in this analysis, 50% or more HIV deaths were concentrated in fewer than 10% of municipalities in the latest year of study. In addition, national age patterns reflected shifts in mortality to older age groups-the median age group among decedents ranged from 30 to 45years of age at the municipality level in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico in 2017.ConclusionsOur subnational estimates of HIV mortality revealed significant spatial variation and diverging local trends in HIV mortality over time and by age. This analysis provides a framework for incorporating data and uncertainty from incomplete VR systems and can help guide more geographically precise public health intervention to support HIV-related care and reduce HIV-related deaths.Peer reviewe
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