10 research outputs found

    Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

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    Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

    Eco-innovation in the field of spreading technologies : case of PROLOG spreading machine

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    Ce travail de thĂšse s’inscrit dans la problĂ©matique gĂ©nĂ©rale du projet ECODEFI - ECOconception et DĂ©veloppement de mĂ©thodologies de Fabrication Innovante de machines d’épandage financĂ© par l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) dans le cadre du PRogramme ECOtechnologies et DĂ©veloppement Durable (PRECODD). Le projet ECODEFI porte sur l’écoconception et l’éco-innovation appliquĂ©es aux technologies de l’épandage, pour rĂ©pondre Ă  deux enjeux majeurs : (i) le recyclage des effluents organiques issus de l’industrie et de l’épuration des eaux et (ii) rĂ©duire Ă  la source les risques de pollution des agro-Ă©cosystĂšmes. Face au besoin de prise en compte de l’environnement dans le dĂ©veloppement des machines d’épandage, nous avons proposĂ© une dĂ©marche d’éco-innovation qui permet d’aboutir Ă  des vĂ©ritables percĂ©es technologiques. Cette approche prĂ©sente une synergie entre l’Analyse du Cycle de Vie (ACV), la matrice de non-qualitĂ©, la ThĂ©orie de RĂ©solution des ProblĂšmes Inventifs (TRIZ), l’analyse morphologique et le Processus d’Analyse HiĂ©rarchique (Analytical Hierarchy Process – AHP). Dans l’enchaĂźnement de ces outils, l’ACV Ă©value les impacts environnementaux gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s par le systĂšme. Puis, pour une meilleure prise en considĂ©ration des aspects Ă©cologiques, nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ© un nouvel outil, la matrice de non-qualitĂ©, qui dĂ©finit, Ă  partir des rĂ©sultats de l’ACV, le problĂšme Ă  rĂ©soudre en prioritĂ© du point de vue environnemental. La mĂ©thode TRIZ permet la gĂ©nĂ©ration de nouveaux concepts et la rĂ©solution des contradictions. Ensuite, l’analyse morphologique offre la possibilitĂ© d’étendre l’espace de recherche des solutions d’un problĂšme de conception de maniĂšre systĂ©matique. Enfin l’AHP identifie la ou les solution(s) prometteuse(s) en fournissant une logique claire pour les choix rĂ©alisĂ©s. Dans notre Ă©tude, nous nous sommes principalement intĂ©ressĂ©s aux problĂšmes rencontrĂ©s sur la machine PROLOG lors de la phase d’épandage des produits compostĂ©s. En effet, l'Ă©pandage du compost se dĂ©veloppe fortement et l'entreprise SIRTEC souhaite pouvoir rĂ©aliser cette tĂąche avec leurs machines conçues initialement pour des matĂ©riaux granulaires. L’approche a Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©e pour rĂ©soudre le problĂšme d’extraction de ces produits suite Ă  la formation de voĂ»tes Ă  l’intĂ©rieur de la trĂ©mie de l’épandeur.This thesis is part of the ECODEFI project (ECOconception et DEveloppement de mĂ©thodologies de Fabrication Innovante de machines d’épandage – Ecodesign and development of innovative production methods of spreading machines) funded by the French National Research Agency within the framework of Eco-technologies and sustainable development programme (PRECODD) The ECODEFI project focuses on ecodesign and eco-innovation applied to spreading technologies, to address two major issues : (i) recycling of organic waste from industry and sewage and (ii) reducing the source of pollution risk of agro-ecosystems. Facing the need to take into account the environment in developing spreading machines, we proposed an eco-innovation design approach that can lead to real breakthroughs. This approach provides a synergy between the LCA, the non-quality matrix, TRIZ method, the morphological analysis and the AHP. In the sequence of these tools, LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) assesses the environmental impacts generated by the system. Then, for a better consideration of environmental aspects, we developed a new tool, the non-quality matrix, which defines the problem requiring solving first from an environmental point of view, from the LCA results. The TRIZ method allows the generation of new concepts and contradiction resolution. Then, the morphological analysis offers the possibility of extending the search space of solutions of a design problem in a systematic way. Finally, the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) identifies the promising solution(s) by providing a clear logic for the choice made. In our study, we are mainly interested in problems on the PROLOG machine during the phase of composted products application. Indeed, compost application is strongly growing and the SIRTEC Company hopes to accomplish this task with their machines which were initially designed for granular materials. The approach has been applied to solve the problem of extraction of these products due to the formation of arches inside the spreader hopper

    Eco-innovation dans le domaine des technologies d'Ă©pandage : cas de l'Ă©pandeur PROLOG

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    This thesis is part of the ECODEFI project (ECOconception et DEveloppement de mĂ©thodologies de Fabrication Innovante de machines d’épandage – Ecodesign and development of innovative production methods of spreading machines) funded by the French National Research Agency within the framework of Eco-technologies and sustainable development programme (PRECODD) The ECODEFI project focuses on ecodesign and eco-innovation applied to spreading technologies, to address two major issues : (i) recycling of organic waste from industry and sewage and (ii) reducing the source of pollution risk of agro-ecosystems. Facing the need to take into account the environment in developing spreading machines, we proposed an eco-innovation design approach that can lead to real breakthroughs. This approach provides a synergy between the LCA, the non-quality matrix, TRIZ method, the morphological analysis and the AHP. In the sequence of these tools, LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) assesses the environmental impacts generated by the system. Then, for a better consideration of environmental aspects, we developed a new tool, the non-quality matrix, which defines the problem requiring solving first from an environmental point of view, from the LCA results. The TRIZ method allows the generation of new concepts and contradiction resolution. Then, the morphological analysis offers the possibility of extending the search space of solutions of a design problem in a systematic way. Finally, the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) identifies the promising solution(s) by providing a clear logic for the choice made. In our study, we are mainly interested in problems on the PROLOG machine during the phase of composted products application. Indeed, compost application is strongly growing and the SIRTEC Company hopes to accomplish this task with their machines which were initially designed for granular materials. The approach has been applied to solve the problem of extraction of these products due to the formation of arches inside the spreader hopper.Ce travail de thĂšse s’inscrit dans la problĂ©matique gĂ©nĂ©rale du projet ECODEFI - ECOconception et DĂ©veloppement de mĂ©thodologies de Fabrication Innovante de machines d’épandage financĂ© par l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) dans le cadre du PRogramme ECOtechnologies et DĂ©veloppement Durable (PRECODD). Le projet ECODEFI porte sur l’écoconception et l’éco-innovation appliquĂ©es aux technologies de l’épandage, pour rĂ©pondre Ă  deux enjeux majeurs : (i) le recyclage des effluents organiques issus de l’industrie et de l’épuration des eaux et (ii) rĂ©duire Ă  la source les risques de pollution des agro-Ă©cosystĂšmes. Face au besoin de prise en compte de l’environnement dans le dĂ©veloppement des machines d’épandage, nous avons proposĂ© une dĂ©marche d’éco-innovation qui permet d’aboutir Ă  des vĂ©ritables percĂ©es technologiques. Cette approche prĂ©sente une synergie entre l’Analyse du Cycle de Vie (ACV), la matrice de non-qualitĂ©, la ThĂ©orie de RĂ©solution des ProblĂšmes Inventifs (TRIZ), l’analyse morphologique et le Processus d’Analyse HiĂ©rarchique (Analytical Hierarchy Process – AHP). Dans l’enchaĂźnement de ces outils, l’ACV Ă©value les impacts environnementaux gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s par le systĂšme. Puis, pour une meilleure prise en considĂ©ration des aspects Ă©cologiques, nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ© un nouvel outil, la matrice de non-qualitĂ©, qui dĂ©finit, Ă  partir des rĂ©sultats de l’ACV, le problĂšme Ă  rĂ©soudre en prioritĂ© du point de vue environnemental. La mĂ©thode TRIZ permet la gĂ©nĂ©ration de nouveaux concepts et la rĂ©solution des contradictions. Ensuite, l’analyse morphologique offre la possibilitĂ© d’étendre l’espace de recherche des solutions d’un problĂšme de conception de maniĂšre systĂ©matique. Enfin l’AHP identifie la ou les solution(s) prometteuse(s) en fournissant une logique claire pour les choix rĂ©alisĂ©s. Dans notre Ă©tude, nous nous sommes principalement intĂ©ressĂ©s aux problĂšmes rencontrĂ©s sur la machine PROLOG lors de la phase d’épandage des produits compostĂ©s. En effet, l'Ă©pandage du compost se dĂ©veloppe fortement et l'entreprise SIRTEC souhaite pouvoir rĂ©aliser cette tĂąche avec leurs machines conçues initialement pour des matĂ©riaux granulaires. L’approche a Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©e pour rĂ©soudre le problĂšme d’extraction de ces produits suite Ă  la formation de voĂ»tes Ă  l’intĂ©rieur de la trĂ©mie de l’épandeur

    Eco-innovation dans le domaine des technologies d'Ă©pandage (cas de l'Ă©pandeur PROLOG)

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    Ce travail de thÚse s inscrit dans la problématique générale du projet ECODEFI - ECOconception et Développement de méthodologies de Fabrication Innovante de machines d épandage financé par l Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) dans le cadre du PRogramme ECOtechnologies et Développement Durable (PRECODD). Le projet ECODEFI porte sur l écoconception et l éco-innovation appliquées aux technologies de l épandage, pour répondre à deux enjeux majeurs : (i) le recyclage des effluents organiques issus de l industrie et de l épuration des eaux et (ii) réduire à la source les risques de pollution des agro-écosystÚmes. Face au besoin de prise en compte de l environnement dans le développement des machines d épandage, nous avons proposé une démarche d éco-innovation qui permet d aboutir à des véritables percées technologiques. Cette approche présente une synergie entre l Analyse du Cycle de Vie (ACV), la matrice de non-qualité, la Théorie de Résolution des ProblÚmes Inventifs (TRIZ), l analyse morphologique et le Processus d Analyse Hiérarchique (Analytical Hierarchy Process AHP). Dans l enchaßnement de ces outils, l ACV évalue les impacts environnementaux générés par le systÚme. Puis, pour une meilleure prise en considération des aspects écologiques, nous avons développé un nouvel outil, la matrice de non-qualité, qui définit, à partir des résultats de l ACV, le problÚme à résoudre en priorité du point de vue environnemental. La méthode TRIZ permet la génération de nouveaux concepts et la résolution des contradictions. Ensuite, l analyse morphologique offre la possibilité d étendre l espace de recherche des solutions d un problÚme de conception de maniÚre systématique. Enfin l AHP identifie la ou les solution(s) prometteuse(s) en fournissant une logique claire pour les choix réalisés. Dans notre étude, nous nous sommes principalement intéressés aux problÚmes rencontrés sur la machine PROLOG lors de la phase d épandage des produits compostés. En effet, l'épandage du compost se développe fortement et l'entreprise SIRTEC souhaite pouvoir réaliser cette tùche avec leurs machines conçues initialement pour des matériaux granulaires. L approche a été appliquée pour résoudre le problÚme d extraction de ces produits suite à la formation de voûtes à l intérieur de la trémie de l épandeur.This thesis is part of the ECODEFI project (ECOconception et DEveloppement de méthodologies de Fabrication Innovante de machines d épandage Ecodesign and development of innovative production methods of spreading machines) funded by the French National Research Agency within the framework of Eco-technologies and sustainable development programme (PRECODD) The ECODEFI project focuses on ecodesign and eco-innovation applied to spreading technologies, to address two major issues : (i) recycling of organic waste from industry and sewage and (ii) reducing the source of pollution risk of agro-ecosystems. Facing the need to take into account the environment in developing spreading machines, we proposed an eco-innovation design approach that can lead to real breakthroughs. This approach provides a synergy between the LCA, the non-quality matrix, TRIZ method, the morphological analysis and the AHP. In the sequence of these tools, LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) assesses the environmental impacts generated by the system. Then, for a better consideration of environmental aspects, we developed a new tool, the non-quality matrix, which defines the problem requiring solving first from an environmental point of view, from the LCA results. The TRIZ method allows the generation of new concepts and contradiction resolution. Then, the morphological analysis offers the possibility of extending the search space of solutions of a design problem in a systematic way. Finally, the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) identifies the promising solution(s) by providing a clear logic for the choice made. In our study, we are mainly interested in problems on the PROLOG machine during the phase of composted products application. Indeed, compost application is strongly growing and the SIRTEC Company hopes to accomplish this task with their machines which were initially designed for granular materials. The approach has been applied to solve the problem of extraction of these products due to the formation of arches inside the spreader hopper.CLERMONT FD-Bib.électronique (631139902) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Function analysis: going forward in value analysis

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    International audienceStakeholders are key elements of complex technical projects. They can determine orientation, evolution and success of the project. They can cause uncertainties, changes in objectives and lead the project to failure. In this context, it is always more important to involve them in project decisions. Value Analysis (VA) is a means to introduce management and decision-making in design of complex projects, based on stakeholder needs. A method named Function Analysis aims at identifying and treating functions that the system has to complete. However, this functional approach does not allow some non-functional attributes to be included in the design phases. This is a lack identified by some engineering companies. The proposed paper aims at identifying the challenges encountered by the Stakeholder approaches to translate their needs into nonfunctional dimensions to deal with VA practices to design technical solutions. The research methodology combines a classical bibliographical analysis on VA that led us to show FA limits. Thus, we propose a Stakeholder-based “Non-Functional Analysis” to determine the non-functional attributes to characterize for the design of complex projects, and an industrial company’s feedback practices on a case study. This will allow practitioners to have a systems approach to Value in the context of a VA but it will also allow scientists to compare theory and lack of practice around the identification and characterization of the needs of a set of stakeholders
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