The rapid spread of SARS-COV-2 Omicron variant in Italy reflected early through wastewater surveillance

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant emerged in South Africa in November 2021, and has later been identified worldwide, raising serious concerns. A real-time RT-PCR assay was designed for the rapid screening of the Omicron variant, targeting characteristic mutations of the spike gene. The assay was used to test 737 sewage samples collected throughout Italy (19/21 Regions) between 11 November and 25 December 2021, with the aim of assessing the spread of the Omicron variant in the country. Positive samples were also tested with a real-time RT-PCR developed by the European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), and through nested RT-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. Overall, 115 samples tested positive for Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant. The first occurrence was detected on 7 December, in Veneto, North Italy. Later on, the variant spread extremely fast in three weeks, with prevalence of positive wastewater samples rising from 1.0% (1/104 samples) in the week 5-11 December, to 17.5% (25/143 samples) in the week 12-18, to 65.9% (89/135 samples) in the week 19-25, in line with the increase in cases of infection with the Omicron variant observed during December in Italy. Similarly, the number of Regions/Autonomous Provinces in which the variant was detected increased from one in the first week, to 11 in the second, and to 17 in the last one. The presence of the Omicron variant was confirmed by the JRC real-time RT-PCR in 79.1% (91/115) of the positive samples, and by Sanger sequencing in 66% (64/97) of PCR amplicons. In conclusion, we designed an RT-qPCR assay capable to detect the Omicron variant, which can be successfully used for the purpose of wastewater-based epidemiology. We also described the history of the introduction and diffusion of the Omicron variant in the Italian population and territory, confirming the effectiveness of sewage monitoring as a powerful surveillance tool

Germline variation at 8q24 and prostate cancer risk in men of European ancestry

Chromosome 8q24 is a susceptibility locus for multiple cancers, including prostate cancer. Here we combine genetic data across the 8q24 susceptibility region from 71,535 prostate cancer cases and 52,935 controls of European ancestry to define the overall contribution of germline variation at 8q24 to prostate cancer risk. We identify 12 independent risk signals for prostate cancer (p < 4.28 × 10−15), including three risk variants that have yet to be reported. From a polygenic risk score (PRS) model, derived to assess the cumulative effect of risk variants at 8q24, men in the top 1% of the PRS have a 4-fold (95%CI = 3.62–4.40) greater risk compared to the population average. These 12 variants account for ~25% of what can be currently explained of the familial risk of prostate cancer by known genetic risk factors. These findings highlight the overwhelming contribution of germline variation at 8q24 on prostate cancer risk which has implications for population risk stratification

Fine-mapping of prostate cancer susceptibility loci in a large meta-analysis identifies candidate causal variants

Prostate cancer is a polygenic disease with a large heritable component. A number of common, low-penetrance prostate cancer risk loci have been identified through GWAS. Here we apply the Bayesian multivariate variable selection algorithm JAM to fine-map 84 prostate cancer susceptibility loci, using summary data from a large European ancestry meta-analysis. We observe evidence for multiple independent signals at 12 regions and 99 risk signals overall. Only 15 original GWAS tag SNPs remain among the catalogue of candidate variants identified; the remainder are replaced by more likely candidates. Biological annotation of our credible set of variants indicates significant enrichment within promoter and enhancer elements, and transcription factor-binding sites, including AR, ERG and FOXA1. In 40 regions at least one variant is colocalised with an eQTL in prostate cancer tissue. The refined set of candidate variants substantially increase the proportion of familial relative risk explained by these known susceptibility regions, which highlights the importance of fine-mapping studies and has implications for clinical risk profiling. © 2018 The Author(s).Prostate cancer is a polygenic disease with a large heritable component. A number of common, low-penetrance prostate cancer risk loci have been identified through GWAS. Here we apply the Bayesian multivariate variable selection algorithm JAM to fine-map 84 prostate cancer susceptibility loci, using summary data from a large European ancestry meta-analysis. We observe evidence for multiple independent signals at 12 regions and 99 risk signals overall. Only 15 original GWAS tag SNPs remain among the catalogue of candidate variants identified; the remainder are replaced by more likely candidates. Biological annotation of our credible set of variants indicates significant enrichment within promoter and enhancer elements, and transcription factor-binding sites, including AR, ERG and FOXA1. In 40 regions at least one variant is colocalised with an eQTL in prostate cancer tissue. The refined set of candidate variants substantially increase the proportion of familial relative risk explained by these known susceptibility regions, which highlights the importance of fine-mapping studies and has implications for clinical risk profiling. © 2018 The Author(s).Peer reviewe

L'informazione di fase per la valutazione della perfusione epatica in ecografia

L'elaborato illustra una possibile soluzione al problema della correzione del movimento respiratorio in dati ecografici di perfusione epatica per la valutazione della pressione portale. La tecnica proposta si basa sul segnale monogenico e sull’informazione di fase dell’immagine. Inizialmente sono stati presentati gli strumenti atti alla valutazione della vascolaritá epatica, con una particolare focalizzazione sulle tecniche non invasive per diagnosticare l’ipertensione portale. Tra di esse l’ecografia con mezzo di contrasto si impone come uno dei metodi più efficaci e soprattutto meno invasivi. In seguito è stato presentato un recente studio secondo cui, tramite l’elaborazione delle curve di enhancement ottenute dalla sequenza ecografica, è possibile stimare dei parametri correlati al valore di pressione portale. Tuttavia, durante l’esecuzione dell’esame ecografico, i movimenti respiratori del paziente non sempre consentono una corretta valutazione di tali parametri. In questa tesi è stata indagata la possibilità di compensare questi artefatti mediante l'applicazione di una metodo di tracking basato sul vincolo di conservazione della fase dell'immagine. Il metodo è stato testato qualitativamente su sequenze di immagini ecografiche acquisite all’ospedale di Barcellona e all’ospedale Sant’Orsola di Bologna, con risultati promettenti

An Event-Driven Closed-Loop System for Real-Time FES Control

The paper proposes an event-driven sEMG-control-FES system based on the ATC muscle processing approach, which allows an online and real-time FES intensity modulation. The promising outcomes of our experimental tests, both in terms of movement reproducibility and system processing latency (thanks to the low ATC computational cost), demonstrate the feasibility of the ATC-control-FES in the rehabilitation scenario, which provides satisfactory results similar to other state-of-the-art works (as reported in table II). Starting from this point, we will further investigate additional applications in which an event-driven control could be implemented, e.g. the exoskeleton or prosthetic control

Psychodrama in therapeutic communities for drug addiction: A study of four cases investigated using idiographic change process analysis

Many psychotherapeutic models, including psychodrama, have tried to address the problem of drugaddiction and alcoholism within, and outside, therapeutic communities (TCs). The dearth of literature related to the application of psychodrama in TCs means that significant efforts are needed to show its effectiveness. This article derives from a TC in northern Italy and presents a study of four cases, which analyzed the results of a 6 month psychodrama research intervention that adopted the Person Centered Approach (PCA). The effects were measured through an idiographic change process with a mixed method design. The qualitative part of the assessment consisted of the Client Change Interview (CCI), the Helpful Aspects of Therapy (HAT); the longitudinal quantitative part used the Spontaneity Assessment Inventory 12 Revised (SAI-R), the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation 12 Outcome Measure (CORE-OM), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GS-ES), and the Pro.Spera. The changes in main personality factors were evaluated through Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Results suggested on the one hand that psychodrama therapy may increase patients\u2019 self-awareness and motivation to change their way of life and improve the PCA. On the other hand the qualitative methodology of HAT and CCI demonstrated, and monitored, the process of change and empowerment in the patients. Finally, the subject of gender specificity is explored

Influence of positive end-expiratory pressure on myocardial strain assessed by speckle tracking echocardiography in mechanically ventilated patients.

The effects of mechanical ventilation (MV) on speckle tracking echocardiography- (STE-)derived variables are not elucidated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation on 4-chamber longitudinal strain (LS) analysis by STE.Journal ArticleSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Minthostachys verticillata Griseb (Epling.) (Lamiaceae) essential oil orally administered modulates gastrointestinal immunological and oxidative parameters in mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Minthostachys verticillata (Griseb.) Epling (Lamiaceae) is a plant used in folk medicine for digestive or respiratory disorders. In addition, it is incorporated as condiment, in foods, as beverage flavoring or mate. The ethnopharmacological interest of M. verticillata resides in its essential oil (EO). Part of group has demonstrated the immunomodulatory ability of EO giving this oil a biological potential not known until that moment and conducted studies to evaluate their possible application in diseases of veterinary interest. However, the immunomodulatory effects of EO administered orally have not been fully characterized. Aim of the study: This study evaluated the impact of EO oral administration on gastrointestinal and immune health through measurement of immunological and oxidative parameters in mice. Material and methods: The EO was extracted from the leaves, slender stems and flowers of M. verticillata by hydrodistillation and chemical analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Prior to in vivo study, the cytotoxic effect of EO was determined using the human colon carcinoma Caco-2 cell line. For in vivo study, three groups of male Balb/c mice (n = 3) were orally administered with saline solution (control group) and EO (5 or 10 mg/kg/day) during 10 consecutive days. Subsequently, histological and hematological parameters, cytokines production, oxidative markers and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were evaluated. Results: The chemical analysis of EO revealed the presence of a high content of monoterpenes, being the main pulegone (76.12%) and menthone (14.28%). The EO oral administration improved mice growth performance and modulated systemic adaptive immune response by increasing in the total leukocyte number. A high percentage of CD4+ T cells were observed whereas the number of CD8+ T cells was not altered. EO did not alter the morpho-physiology of intestine and improved total antioxidant capacity by decreasing MDA concentrations. In addition, EO decreased the IL-6 levels and increased in the IL-4 and IL-10 concentrations. Conclusion: Results indicate that M. verticillata EO modulate inflammatory and oxidative parameters constituting a natural alternative which could be applied to improve gastrointestinal and immune functionality in animals.Fil: Montironi, Ivana Dalila. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Campra, Noelia Anahí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Arsaute, Sofia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Cecchini, Maria Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Raviolo, Jose Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Vanden Braber, Noelia Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigacion y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnologica. - Universidad Nacional de Villa Maria. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigacion y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnologica.; ArgentinaFil: Barrios, Bibiana Elisabet. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Montenegro, Mariana Angélica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigacion y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnologica. - Universidad Nacional de Villa Maria. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigacion y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnologica.; ArgentinaFil: Correa, Silvia Graciela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Grosso, Maria Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Anatomía Animal. Laboratorio de Radioisótopos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mañas, Fernando Javier. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria. Departamento de Salud Publica; ArgentinaFil: Bellingeri, Romina Valeria. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Anatomía Animal. Laboratorio de Radioisótopos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cariddi, Laura Noelia. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin