Notch signaling during human T cell development

Notch signaling is critical during multiple stages of T cell development in both mouse and human. Evidence has emerged in recent years that this pathway might regulate T-lineage differentiation differently between both species. Here, we review our current understanding of how Notch signaling is activated and used during human T cell development. First, we set the stage by describing the developmental steps that make up human T cell development before describing the expression profiles of Notch receptors, ligands, and target genes during this process. To delineate stage-specific roles for Notch signaling during human T cell development, we subsequently try to interpret the functional Notch studies that have been performed in light of these expression profiles and compare this to its suggested role in the mouse

Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018.

Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field

Some comments on Latin squares and on Graeco-Latin squares, illustrated with postage stamps and old playing cards

Bachet’s square, Bibliography, Bi-square, Raj Chandra Bose, József Dénes, Diagonal Latin squares of order 6, Leonhard Euler, Euler squares, Eulerian squares, Euler’s conjecture, Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher, Graeco-Roman squares, History, Simon de La Loubère, Knut Vik design, Knight’s move design, Knight’s tour, Magic squares, MOLS, Mutually orthogonal Latin squares, Jacques Ozanam, Ozanam–Grandin solution to the Magic Card Puzzle, Edward Tilden Parker, Parker’s Graeco-Latin square of order 10, Georges Perec, Abbé François-Guillaume Poignard, Sharadchandra Shankar Shrikhande, Thirty-six officers problem, Topical philately, Weißwurst Äquator, 01A45, 01A50, 05A99, 05B15, 62K05, 62K10, 62K15,