An «Embarrassing and Indecent» Topic: The Public Debate around Sexual Violence in Post-Authoritarian Chile

The essay provides with some insights around the topic of sexual violence to women involved in politics during general Augusto Pinochet military rule (1973-1990). Not only it is meant to describe the phenomenon in quantitative and qualitative terms, but also to delve into the realm of the social actors who, in several moments and contexts, identify rape as a specific type of torture, different from other human rights violations. This practice finds its roots well before the coup, in long duration processes and especially in domestic violence, but reaches its climax after 1973, extending into politics and blurring the boundaries between public and private sphere. Elaborating this theme today, either for individuals and in the collective debate, seems to be extremely difficult and controversial: maybe it constitutes one of the most thorny issues of the ‘history of present time’ in contemporary Chile.El ensayo intenta proponer elementos de reflexión alrededor de la violación sexual a las militantes políticas durante la dictadura del general Augusto Pinochet Ugarte (1973-1990). A una sintética descripción cuantitativa y cualitativa del fenómeno sigue una análisis de los distintos actores sociales que en el Chile postautoritario, según tiempos y modalidades distintas, identifican la violación como verdadera forma de tortura, aislándola a la vez de otras dinámicas represivas. Se trata de una práctica estructural, de larga duración, evidente en la violencia doméstica y ya difundida en el país mucho antes del golpe, que en la especial coyuntura a partir de 1973 se entremezcla con la violencia política, propagándose en la esfera pública. Hasta hoy en día la elaboración del tema, sea a nivel individual sea en el debate público, se presenta difícil y controvertida: tal vez uno de los temas más espinosos que destaca en la ‘historia del tiempo presente’ chileno

Le nonne di Plaza de Mayo

The article is focused on a specific case study of ‘motherist movement’ in Argentina during the last military rule (1976-1983): the Grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo. Blurring the boundaries between public and private realm, these old women, without a previous, soundly-based political conscience, were able to set up a transnational human rights movement, well known all over the world, while looking for their abducted grandchildren. A crucial issue, still, is: how far did this group go in terms of advocating womens’ rights? Could we really find a correspondence, as Jelin puts it, between ‘women for human rights’ and ‘women for women’s rights’? The answer, as the Argentinean case shows, seems to be not so straightforward

D. David, M. Cedarmas, Memorie da due mondi. Storia di Stelita, tra dittature sudamericane e libertà. Prefazione di Estela Carlotto, Introduzione di Riccardo Noury, Formigine (Modena), Edizioni Infinito, 2018, 219 pp.

La narrazione prodotta da Daniela David e Manuela Cedarmas, scritta in maniera molto agile, presenta un singolare intreccio: un percorso biografico individuale che interseca ripetutamente eventi di portata macrostorica nel corso di tutto il Novecento.La narrazione prodotta da Daniela David e Manuela Cedarmas, scritta in maniera molto agile, presenta un singolare intreccio: un percorso biografico individuale che interseca ripetutamente eventi di portata macrostorica nel corso di tutto il Novecento

La Ford Foundation y la Guerra Fría Cultural en América Latina: (1959-1973)

Americanía núm.1 (2011), p. 8-25El artículo quisiera proponer algunos elementos de reflexión sobre el papel que un gigante de la filántropia cultural estadounidense, la Ford Foundation, ha tenido en América Latina- sobre todo en Chile y Argentina - en el marco de la Guerra Fría. Partiendo de la documentación hallada en el archivo del headquarter de New York relativamente a la etapa de los golpes más recientes (1973 y 1976), el intento sería identificar momentos cruciales antecedentes a la emergencia política de los años Setenta, y brindar elmentos de comprensión de mediana duración hacia el interés para estos dos países en el marco de una operación general de exportación del american way of life, ya evidentes en algunos documentos de 1959, año del triunfo castrista y del paralelo desarrollo de los fondos gubernamentales y particulares a los Latin American Studies.Versión del edito

“¡Unamos nuestras manos!” Tracce e frammenti della solidarietà italiana alle donne latinoamericane durante i regimi autoritari (1964-1990)

The essay is focused on a specific component of the Italian solidarity toward the victims of Latin American military coups: women’s association, as widely known, a plural world. Based on primary sources, it considers the time span included between the first episode of that kind – the Brazilian coup of 1964 – and Chile’s 1973 one, an experience that produced a widespread and constant interaction between civil society and political institutions in our country. Through fund raising, counter information and multiple forms of denounce, several female associations in Italy have made their voice heard in support of the victims – women themselves – of political repression in Latin America during the ‘long seventies’. It was a decade in which, along with women’s enhanced participation in the public sphere, transnational activism began to denounce authoritarian regimes’ human rights abuses.  The essay is focused on a specific component of the Italian solidarity toward the victims of Latin American military coups: women’s association, as widely known, a plural world. Based on primary sources, it considers the time span included between the first episode of that kind – the Brazilian coup of 1964 – and Chile’s 1973 one, an experience that produced a widespread and constant interaction between civil society and political institutions in our country. Through fund raising, counter information and multiple forms of denounce, several female associations in Italy have made their voice heard in support of the victims – women themselves – of political repression in Latin America during the ‘long seventies’. It was a decade in which, along with women’s enhanced participation in the public sphere, transnational activism began to denounce authoritarian regimes’ human rights abuses. &nbsp

Clinical outcome measures in juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), as a chronic condition, is associated with significant disease- and treatment-related morbidity, thus impacting children's quality of life. In order to optimize JIA management, the paediatric rheumatologist has begun to regularly use measurements of disease activity developed, validated and endorsed by international paediatric rheumatology professional societies in an effort to monitor the disease course over time and assess the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in JIA patients.A literature review was performed to describe the main outcome measures currently used in JIA patients to determine disease activity status.The Juvenile Disease Activity Score (JADAS), in its different versions (classic JADAS, JADAS-CRP and cJADAS) and the validated definitions of disease activity and response to treatment represent an important tool for the assessment of clinically relevant changes in disease activity, leading more and more to a treat-to-target strategy, based on a tight and thorough control of the patient condition. Moreover, in recent years, increasing attention on the incorporation of patient-reported or parent-reported outcomes (PRCOs), when measuring the health state of patients with paediatric rheumatic diseases has emerged.We think that the care of JIA patients cannot be possible without taking into account clinical outcome measures and, in this regard, further work is required

Data-driven clustering of combined Functional Motor Disorders based on the Italian registry

Functional Motor Disorders (FMDs) represent nosological entities with no clear phenotypic characterization, especially in patients with multiple (combined FMDs) motor manifestations. A data-driven approach using cluster analysis of clinical data has been proposed as an analytic method to obtain non-hierarchical unbiased classifications. The study aimed to identify clinical subtypes of combined FMDs using a data-driven approach to overcome possible limits related to "a priori" classifications and clinical overlapping

Colorectal Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Before vs During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy

IMPORTANCE Delays in screening programs and the reluctance of patients to seek medical attention because of the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 could be associated with the risk of more advanced colorectal cancers at diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was associated with more advanced oncologic stage and change in clinical presentation for patients with colorectal cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective, multicenter cohort study included all 17 938 adult patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer from March 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021 (pandemic period), and from January 1, 2018, to February 29, 2020 (prepandemic period), in 81 participating centers in Italy, including tertiary centers and community hospitals. Follow-up was 30 days from surgery. EXPOSURES Any type of surgical procedure for colorectal cancer, including explorative surgery, palliative procedures, and atypical or segmental resections. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was advanced stage of colorectal cancer at diagnosis. Secondary outcomes were distant metastasis, T4 stage, aggressive biology (defined as cancer with at least 1 of the following characteristics: signet ring cells, mucinous tumor, budding, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and lymphangitis), stenotic lesion, emergency surgery, and palliative surgery. The independent association between the pandemic period and the outcomes was assessed using multivariate random-effects logistic regression, with hospital as the cluster variable. RESULTS A total of 17 938 patients (10 007 men [55.8%]; mean [SD] age, 70.6 [12.2] years) underwent surgery for colorectal cancer: 7796 (43.5%) during the pandemic period and 10 142 (56.5%) during the prepandemic period. Logistic regression indicated that the pandemic period was significantly associated with an increased rate of advanced-stage colorectal cancer (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95%CI, 1.01-1.13; P = .03), aggressive biology (OR, 1.32; 95%CI, 1.15-1.53; P < .001), and stenotic lesions (OR, 1.15; 95%CI, 1.01-1.31; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cohort study suggests a significant association between the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the risk of a more advanced oncologic stage at diagnosis among patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer and might indicate a potential reduction of survival for these patients