Citrullus lanatus subsp. lanatus, naturalizada en la Argentina

The presence of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai subsp. lanatus naturalized in Argentina is recorded for the first time, and its present distribution in the country is precised.Se cita por primera vez la presencia de Citrullus lana tus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai subsp. lanatus como naturalizada en la Argentina y se precisa su actual distribución en el país

Transcription activation depends on the length of the RNA polymerase II C‐terminal domain

Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (Pol II) contains a tail‐like, intrinsically disordered carboxy‐terminal domain (CTD) comprised of heptad‐repeats, that functions in coordination of the transcription cycle and in coupling transcription to co‐transcriptional processes. The CTD repeat number varies between species and generally increases with genome size, but the reasons for this are unclear. Here, we show that shortening the CTD in human cells to half of its length does not generally change pre‐mRNA synthesis or processing in cells. However, CTD shortening decreases the duration of promoter‐proximal Pol II pausing, alters transcription of putative enhancer elements, and delays transcription activation after stimulation of the MAP kinase pathway. We suggest that a long CTD is required for efficient enhancer‐dependent recruitment of Pol II to target genes for their rapid activation

Urvillea chacoënsis Hunz.

Valle de Catamarca, Ruta Nº 62, entre Banda de Varella y el Dique Las Pirquitas, inmediaciones de Capilla del Rosario entre Polcos y La TercenapublishedVersio

Testing the Distraction Hypothesis:do extrafloral nectaries reduce ant-pollinator conflict?

1. Ant guards protect plants from herbivores, but can also hinder pollination by damaging reproductive structures and/or repelling pollinators. Natural selection should favour the evolution of plant traits that deter ants from visiting flowers during anthesis, without waiving their defensive services. The Distraction Hypothesis posits that rewarding ants with extrafloral nectar could reduce their visitation of flowers, reducing ant-pollinator conflict while retaining protection of other structures. 2. We characterised the proportion of flowers occupied by ants and the number of ants per flower in a Mexican ant-plant, Turnera velutina. We clogged extrafloral nectaries on field plants and observed the effects on patrolling ants, pollinators and ants inside flowers, and quantified the effects on plant fitness. Based on the Distraction Hypothesis we predicted that preventing extrafloral nectar secretion should result in fewer ants active at extrafloral nectaries, more ants inside flowers and a higher proportion of flowers occupied by ants, leading to ant-pollinator conflict, with reduced pollinator visitation and reduced plant fitness. 3. Overall ant activity inside flowers was low. Preventing extrafloral nectar secretion through clogging reduced the number of ants patrolling extrafloral nectaries, significantly increased the proportion of flowers occupied by ants from 6.1% to 9.7%, and reduced plant reproductive output through a 12% increase in the probability of fruit abortion. No change in the numbers of ants or pollinators inside flowers was observed. This is the first support for the Distraction Hypothesis obtained under field conditions, showing ecological and plant fitness benefits of the distracting function of extrafloral nectar during anthesis. 4. Synthesis: Our study provides the first field experimental support for the Distraction Hypothesis, suggesting that extrafloral nectaries located close to flowers may bribe ants away from reproductive structures during the crucial pollination period, reducing the probability of ant-occupation of flowers, reducing ant-pollinator conflict, and increasing plant reproductive success

Desenvolvimento do perfil sensorial para cultivares de arroz brasileiro.

Avaliação dos produtos. Desenvolvimento da terminologia sensorial. Treinamento dos provadores. Avaliação do desempenho da equipe. Análise dos resultados.bitstream/item/65466/1/CTAA-DOCUMENTOS-21-DESENVOLVIMENTO-DO-PERFIL-SENSORIAL-PARA-CULTIVARES-DE-ARROZ-BRASILEIRO-FL-021.pd

Synthesis of a Novel Boronic Acid Transition State Inhibitor, MB076: A Heterocyclic Triazole Effectively Inhibits Acinetobacter-Derived Cephalosporinase Variants with an Expanded-Substrate Spectrum

Class C Acinetobacter-derived cephalosporinases(ADCs) represent an important target for inhibition in the multidrug-resistantpathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. ManyADC variants have emerged, and characterization of their structuraland functional differences is essential. Equally as important is thedevelopment of compounds that inhibit all prevalent ADCs despite thesedifferences. The boronic acid transition state inhibitor, MB076, a novel heterocyclic triazole with improved plasma stability, wassynthesized and inhibits seven different ADC & beta;-lactamase variantswith K (i) values MB076 acted synergistically in combination with multiple cephalosporinsto restore susceptibility. ADC variants containing an alanine duplicationin the & omega;-loop, specifically ADC-33, exhibited increased activityfor larger cephalosporins, such as ceftazidime, cefiderocol, and ceftolozane.X-ray crystal structures of ADC variants in this study provide a structuralcontext for substrate profile differences and show that the inhibitoradopts a similar conformation in all ADC variants, despite small changesnear their active sites

Standardized research protocols enable transdisciplinary research of climate variation impacts in corn production systems

The important questions about agriculture, climate, and sustainability have become increasingly complex and require a coordinated, multifaceted approach for developing new knowledge and understanding. A multistate, transdisciplinary project was begun in 2011 to study the potential for both mitigation and adaptation of corn-based cropping systems to climate variations. The team is measuring the baseline as well as change of the system\u27s carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and water footprints, crop productivity, and pest pressure in response to existing and novel production practices. Nine states and 11 institutions are participating in the project, necessitating a well thought out approach to coordinating field data collection procedures at 35 research sites. In addition, the collected data must be brought together in a way that can be stored and used by persons not originally involved in the data collection, necessitating robust procedures for linking metadata with the data and clearly delineated rules for use and publication of data from the overall project. In order to improve the ability to compare data across sites and begin to make inferences about soil and cropping system responses to climate across the region, detailed research protocols were developed to standardize the types of measurements taken and the specific details such as depth, time, method, numbers of samples, and minimum data set required from each site. This process required significant time, debate, and commitment of all the investigators involved with field data collection and was also informed by the data needed to run the simulation models and life cycle analyses. Although individual research teams are collecting additional measurements beyond those stated in the standardized protocols, the written protocols are used by the team for the base measurements to be compared across the region. A centralized database was constructed to meet the needs of current researchers on this project as well as for future use for data synthesis and modeling for agricultural, ecosystem, and climate sciences

Soil water improvements with the long-term use of a winter rye cover crop

AbstractThe Midwestern United States, a region that produces one-third of maize and one-quarter of soybean grain globally, is projected to experience increasing rainfall variability. One approach to mitigate climate impacts is to utilize crop and soil management practices that enhance soil water storage and reduce the risks of flooding as well as drought-induced crop water stress. While some research indicates that a winter cover crop in maize-soybean rotations increases soil water availability, producers continue to be concerned that water use by cover crops will reduce water for a following cash crop. We analyzed continuous in-field soil water measurements from 2008 to 2014 at a Central Iowa research site that has included a winter rye cover crop in a maize-soybean rotation for thirteen years. This period of study included years in the top third of the wettest on record (2008, 2010, 2014) as well as drier years in the bottom third (2012, 2013). We found the cover crop treatment to have significantly higher soil water storage at the 0–30cm depth from 2012 to 2014 when compared to the no cover crop treatment and in most years greater soil water content on individual days analyzed during the cash crop growing season. We further found that the cover crop significantly increased the field capacity water content by 10–11% and plant available water by 21–22%. Finally, in 2013 and 2014, we measured maize and soybean biomass every 2–3 weeks and did not see treatment differences in crop growth, leaf area or nitrogen uptake. Final crop yields were not statistically different between the cover and no cover crop treatment in any of the seven years of this analysis. This research indicates that the long-term use of a winter rye cover crop can improve soil water dynamics without sacrificing cash crop growth in maize-soybean crop rotations in the Midwestern United States