The role of family in the intergenerational transmission of collective action

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this recordThe present research demonstrates intergenerational influences on collective action participation, whereby parents’ past and current participation in collective action (descriptive family norms) shape their children’s participation in conventional and radical collective action via injunctive family norms (perception that parents value such participation). Two unique data sets were used: dyads of activist parents and their adult children (Study 1, N = 100 dyads) and student activists who participated in a yearlong, three-wave longitudinal study (Study 2, Ns wave 1 = 1,221, Wave 2 = 960, and Wave 3 = 917). Parents’ past and current participation directly and indirectly predicted children’s protest participation in Study 1, while Study 2 showed a similar pattern longitudinally: Perceptions of parents’ participation (descriptive family norm) and approval (injunctive family norm) predicted change in collective action participation over time. Together, results highlight family environment as a critical setting for the intergenerational transmission of protest

The intergenerational transmission of participation in collective action: The role of conversation and political practices in the family

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this recordIn this study, we examined the intergenerational transmission of collective action from parents to children. Using a mixed-method approach combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, we analysed data from 100 dyads of activist parents in Chile (involved in the mobilizations against the dictatorship during the 1980s) and their adult children (N = 200). The quantitative analysis addressed the role of conversations about politics in the family. The results provided evidence of a direct association between those conversations and the frequency of participation in conventional and radical actions by the children, and an indirect association via children’s knowledge about parental involvement in past social movements. The qualitative phase, which used interviews and thematic analysis on a subsample of 24 dyads (N = 48), confirmed the role of political conversations, but also revealed the influence of other factors such as cultural consumption and joint political participation. This phase allowed the identification of factors that facilitate or hinder family transmission. Overall, the study highlights the relevance of family as a critical site of socialization that enables the intergenerational transmission of protest.Chilean National Foundation for Scientific and Technological DevelopmentCenter for Social Conflict and Cohesion StudiesInterdisciplinary Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Studie

Innovation Across Cultures: Connecting Leadership, Identification, and Creative Behavior in Organizations

Innovation is considered essential for today's organizations to survive and thrive. Researchers have also stressed the importance of leadership as a driver of followers' innovative work behavior (FIB). Yet, despite a large amount of research, three areas remain understudied: (a) The relative importance of different forms of leadership for FIB; (b) the mechanisms through which leadership impacts FIB; and (c) the degree to which relationships between leadership and FIB are generalizable across cultures. To address these lacunae, we propose an integrated model connecting four types of positive leadership behaviors, two types of identification (as mediating variables), and FIB. We tested our model in a global data set comprising responses of N = 7,225 participants from 23 countries, grouped into nine cultural clusters. Our results indicate that perceived LMX quality was the strongest relative predictor of FIB. Furthermore, the relationships between both perceived LMX quality and identity leadership with FIB were mediated by social identification. The indirect effect of LMX on FIB via social identification was stable across clusters, whereas the indirect effects of the other forms of leadership on FIB via social identification were stronger in countries high versus low on collectivism. Power distance did not influence the relations

Identity Leadership, Employee Burnout and the Mediating Role of Team Identification: Evidence from the Global Identity Leadership Development Project

Do leaders who build a sense of shared social identity in their teams thereby protect them from the adverse effects of workplace stress? This is a question that the present paper explores by testing the hypothesis that identity leadership contributes to stronger team identification among employees and, through this, is associated with reduced burnout. We tested this model with unique datasets from the Global Identity Leadership Development (GILD) project with participants from all inhabited continents. We compared two datasets from 2016/2017 (n = 5290; 20 countries) and 2020/2021 (n = 7294; 28 countries) and found very similar levels of identity leadership, team identification and burnout across the five years. An inspection of the 2020/2021 data at the onset of and later in the COVID-19 pandemic showed stable identity leadership levels and slightly higher levels of both burnout and team identification. Supporting our hypotheses, we found almost identical indirect effects (2016/2017, b = −0.132; 2020/2021, b = −0.133) across the five-year span in both datasets. Using a subset of n = 111 German participants surveyed over two waves, we found the indirect effect confirmed over time with identity leadership (at T1) predicting team identification and, in turn, burnout, three months later. Finally, we explored whether there could be a “too-much-of-a-good-thing” effect for identity leadership. Speaking against this, we found a u-shaped quadratic effect whereby ratings of identity leadership at the upper end of the distribution were related to even stronger team identification and a stronger indirect effect on reduced burnout

Need satisfaction in intergroup contact:A multinational study of pathways toward social change

none43siFinanziamenti esterni a vari co-autoriWhat role does intergroup contact play in promoting support for social change toward greater social equality? Drawing on the needs-based model of reconciliation, we theorized that when inequality between groups is perceived as illegitimate, disadvantaged group members will experience a need for empowerment and advantaged group members a need for acceptance. When intergroup contact satisfies each group's needs, it should result in more mutual support for social change. Using four sets of survey data collected through the Zurich Intergroup Project in 23 countries, we tested several preregistered predictions, derived from the above reasoning, across a large variety of operationalizations. Two studies of disadvantaged groups (Ns = 689 ethnic minority members in Study 1 and 3,382 sexual/gender minorities in Study 2) support the hypothesis that, after accounting for the effects of intergroup contact and perceived illegitimacy, satisfying the need for empowerment (but not acceptance) during contact is positively related to support for social change. Two studies with advantaged groups (Ns = 2,937 ethnic majority members in Study 3 and 4,203 cis-heterosexual individuals in Study 4) showed that, after accounting for illegitimacy and intergroup contact, satisfying the need for acceptance (but also empowerment) is positively related to support for social change. Overall, findings suggest that intergroup contact is compatible with efforts to promote social change when group-specific needs are met. Thus, to encourage support for social change among both disadvantaged and advantaged group members, it is essential that, besides promoting mutual acceptance, intergroup contact interventions also give voice to and empower members of disadvantaged groups.mixedHässler, Tabea; Ullrich, Johannes; Sebben, Simone; Shnabel, Nurit; Bernardino, Michelle; Valdenegro, Daniel; Van Laar, Colette; González, Roberto; Visintin, Emilio Paolo; Tropp, Linda R; Ditlmann, Ruth K; Abrams, Dominic; Aydin, Anna Lisa; Pereira, Adrienne; Selvanathan, Hema Preya; von Zimmermann, Jorina; Lantos, Nóra Anna; Sainz, Mario; Glenz, Andreas; Kende, Anna; Oberpfalzerová, Hana; Bilewicz, Michal; Branković, Marija; Noor, Masi; Pasek, Michael H; Wright, Stephen C; Žeželj, Iris; Kuzawinska, Olga; Maloku, Edona; Otten, Sabine; Gul, Pelin; Bareket, Orly; Corkalo Biruski, Dinka; Mugnol-Ugarte, Luiza; Osin, Evgeny; Baiocco, Roberto; Cook, Jonathan E; Dawood, Maneeza; Droogendyk, Lisa; Loyo, Angélica Herrera; Jelić, Margareta; Kelmendi, Kaltrina; Pistella, JessicaHässler, Tabea; Ullrich, Johannes; Sebben, Simone; Shnabel, Nurit; Bernardino, Michelle; Valdenegro, Daniel; Van Laar, Colette; González, Roberto; Visintin, Emilio Paolo; Tropp, Linda R; Ditlmann, Ruth K; Abrams, Dominic; Aydin, Anna Lisa; Pereira, Adrienne; Selvanathan, Hema Preya; von Zimmermann, Jorina; Lantos, Nóra Anna; Sainz, Mario; Glenz, Andreas; Kende, Anna; Oberpfalzerová, Hana; Bilewicz, Michal; Branković, Marija; Noor, Masi; Pasek, Michael H; Wright, Stephen C; Žeželj, Iris; Kuzawinska, Olga; Maloku, Edona; Otten, Sabine; Gul, Pelin; Bareket, Orly; Corkalo Biruski, Dinka; Mugnol-Ugarte, Luiza; Osin, Evgeny; Baiocco, Roberto; Cook, Jonathan E; Dawood, Maneeza; Droogendyk, Lisa; Loyo, Angélica Herrera; Jelić, Margareta; Kelmendi, Kaltrina; Pistella, Jessic

Phylogeography of the Patagonian otter Lontra provocax: adaptive divergence to marine habitat or signature of southern glacial refugia?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A number of studies have described the extension of ice cover in western Patagonia during the Last Glacial Maximum, providing evidence of a complete cover of terrestrial habitat from 41°S to 56°S and two main refugia, one in south-eastern Tierra del Fuego and the other north of the Chiloé Island. However, recent evidence of high genetic diversity in Patagonian river species suggests the existence of aquatic refugia in this region. Here, we further test this hypothesis based on phylogeographic inferences from a semi-aquatic species that is a top predator of river and marine fauna, the huillín or Southern river otter (<it>Lontra provocax</it>).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We examined mtDNA sequences of the control region, ND5 and Cytochrome-b (2151 bp in total) in 75 samples of <it>L. provocax </it>from 21 locations in river and marine habitats. Phylogenetic analysis illustrates two main divergent clades for <it>L. provocax </it>in continental freshwater habitat. A highly diverse clade was represented by haplotypes from the marine habitat of the Southern Fjords and Channels (SFC) region (43°38' to 53°08'S), whereas only one of these haplotypes was paraphyletic and associated with northern river haplotypes.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our data support the hypothesis of the persistence of <it>L. provocax </it>in western Patagonia, south of the ice sheet limit, during last glacial maximum (41°S latitude). This limit also corresponds to a strong environmental change, which might have spurred <it>L. provocax </it>differentiation between the two environments.</p

Parasitic crustaceans infecting cultured striped trumpeter Latris lineata

Cultured striped trumpeter Latris lineata was held in sea cage systems or a land-based facility in south-eastern Tasmania. Visual checks of metazoan ectoparasites were conducted on six cohorts (T1 to T6) in the land-based facility from 2006 to 2007, and three cohorts (C1 to C3) held in cages from 2007 to 2008. Three parasite species were recorded; a cymothoid Ceratothoa banksii; a chondracanthid Chondracanthus goldsmidi; and a caligid Caligus nuenonnae. All three parasite species were present on the striped trumpeter in the sea cages with C. nuenonnae and C. goldsmidi found in very low prevalence on all cohorts. There was no significant effect of cohort or season on the parasites' prevalence or intensity. Cohort C1 had the highest numbers of C. nuenonnae with prevalence of 2.5% (intensity 1.0 +/- 0.0 parasites fish(-1)), whilst cohort C3 had the highest prevalence of C. goldsmidi (3.3%, intensity 1.0 +/- 0.0). The isopod C. banksii was recorded in increasing prevalence in cohorts C1 and C2 during 2008, cohort C1 had a prevalence ranging from 9.8% (intensity 1.0 +/- 0.0) to 17.5% (intensity 1 +/- 0.0) whereas prevalence in cohort C2 ranged from 27.7% (intensity 1.21 +/- 0.1) to 67.2% (intensity 1.8 +/- 0.1). The two copepod species were recorded on the fish held in the land-based facility. C. nuenonnae was found on fish from two cohorts at a prevalence of 22.3% (intensity 1.4 +/- 0.1 parasites) in cohort T1 and 4.3% (1.0 +/- 0.0) in cohort T2. In contrast, C. goldsmidi was present during all parasite checks of cohorts T2 to T6 with the percentage of infected fish ranging from 27.2% (intensity 1.3 +/- 0.1) in cohort T2 to 100% (intensity 32.8 +/- 1.9) in cohort T4. Treatments against C. goldsmidi were conducted on cohorts T2 to T6 including manual removal of adult parasites and Neguvon baths. There was no apparent reduction in the parasite prevalence within season during follow-up surveys after +/- 6 months. An eleven month re-infection experiment was conducted with C. goldsmidi; striped trumpeter from which parasites were removed showed significantly lower prevalence (F = 161.8, df (1,20), P < 0.001) than those fish from which parasites were not removed. The study suggests that effective control of parasitic crustaceans is likely to be an important factor in the successful culture of sea-caged striped trumpeter

Metodología y gestión participativa: Mejorando la calidad de los aprendizajes matemáticos: Tesis

Tesis (Educación General Básica)La presente investigación se ha llevado a cabo con la finalidad de descubrir una serie de elementos determinantes en la enseñanza de la educación matemáticas y que en definitiva hacen más nutritivo el trabajo educativo. Los elementos que aquí aparecen dan forma y vida a un sistema educativo determinado el cual forma parte de la institución investigada. Dicho sistema educativo se consolidó, a partir de una serie de situaciones generadas en la escuela, a nivel general como en cada una de las aulas. Así, la investigación efectuada se realiza con un fin .específico el cual da cuenta del por qué, para qué y cómo se incrementan los resultados del S.I.M.C.E. área matemáticas en la institución estudiada. Finalmente, con el hecho de dilucidar estas interrogantes se quiere lograr ni sólo optimizar el nivel de trabajo de la institución, sino a la vez permitir optimizar el nivel educacional de todas aquellas instituciones que quieran aprender de esta. Ahora si nos referimos al S.I.M.C.E. éste busca generar indicadores confiables para orientar las acciones y programas de mejoramiento del a calidad de la enseñanza al ir mostrando la distribución y resultados que los establecimientos presentan dentro del universo de la educación chilena. Asr, contar con un indicador tan importante como el S.I.M.C.E. diversos actores se benefician; como los apoderados, directores, profesores y por supuesto investigadores, pues, el S.I.M.C.E. se transforma en una fuente inagotable de información y datos que nos permiten estudiar con mayor profundidad la calidad de la educación en Chile, a través del seguimiento de los resultados de los colegios y de las comparaciones entre estos y otros etc. En definitiva, lo que este trabajo muestra corresponde a todos los pasos seguidos por el investigador y todos aquellos descubrimientos encontrados en un trabajo de este tipo, es decir, esta investigación de carácter cualitativo implica llevar a cabo una serie de etapas, las cuales, dan pie a la formulación de determinados objetivos, los que permiten comenzar a trazar un camino para realizarla y así llegar a descubrir hallazgos relevantes para consolidarla finalmente con las respectivas conclusiones

When social movements fail or succeed: social psychological consequences of a collective action’s outcome

This is the final version. Available from Frontiers Media via the DOI in this record. Data availability statement: The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.Collective actions occur all around the world and, in the last few years, even more frequently. Previous literature has mainly focused on the antecedents of collective actions, but less attention has been given to the consequences of participating in collective action. Moreover, it is still an open question how the consequences of collective action might differ, depending on whether the actions are perceived to succeed or fail. In two studies we seek to address this gap using innovative experimental studies. In Study 1 (N = 368) we manipulated the perceptions of success and failure of a collective action in the context of a real social movement, the Chilean student movement from last decade. In Study 2 (N = 169), in addition to manipulating the outcome, we manipulated actual participation, using a mock environmental organization aiming to create awareness in authorities, to test the causal effect of both participation and success/failure on empowerment, group efficacy, and intentions of future involvement in normative and non-normative collective actions. Results show that current and past participation predict overall participation in the future, however, in Study 2 the manipulated participation was associated with having less intentions of participating in the future. In both studies, perception of success increases group efficacy. In Study 1, we found that when facing failure, participants increase their willingness to participate more in the future as opposed to non-participants that actually decrease theirs. In Study 2, however, failure increases the perception of efficacy for those with a history of non-normative participation. Altogether these results highlight the moderating role of the outcome of collective action to understand the effect of participation on future participation. We discuss these results in light of the methodological innovation and the real world setting in which our studies were conducted.Chilean National Foundation for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT)Center for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies (ANID/FONDAP)Interdisciplinary Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Studies (ANID/FONDAP