19 research outputs found

    The influence of religious identity and socio-economic status on diet over time, an example from medieval France

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    In Southern France as in other parts of Europe, significant changes occurred in settlement patterns between the end of Antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages. Small communities gathered to form, by the tenth century, villages organized around a church. This development was the result of a new social and agrarian organization. Its impact on lifestyles and, more precisely, on diet is still poorly understood. The analysis of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in bone collagen from the inhabitants of the well-preserved medieval rural site Missignac-Saint Gilles le Vieux (fifth to thirteenth centuries, Gard, France) provides insight into their dietary practices and enables a discussion about its transformation over time. A sample of 152 adult individuals dated from 675 to 1175 AD (75 females, 77 males) and 75 specimens from 16 non-human species were analyzed. Results show the exploitation of freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems as well as various breeding practices specific to each species. The use of both C4 and halophyte plants for feeding domestic animals was also observed. Concerning human dietary practices, a change seemed to occur at the beginning of the tenth century with an increase of δ15N values and a decrease of δ13C values. This corresponds to the introduction of a significant amount of freshwater resources into the diet and could be related to the evolution of the Catholic doctrine. A concomitant diversification of access to individual food resources was also observed, probably linked to the increased diversity of practice inside a population otherwise perceived as one community

    Approche d’un territoire de montagneOccupations humaines et contexte pédo-sédimentaire des versantsDu col du petit-saint-bernard, de la préhistoire à l’antiquité

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    As part of a multi-year programme, survey campaignshave been carried out on both slopes of the Petit-Saint-Bernard pass (2188 m, western Alps), at analtitude of between 750 and 3000 m. The methodemployed abandons ground-based surveying infavour of multiple manual surveys carried out onselected topographic contexts down to the base of theHolocene fill. The results obtained document the longtermdevelopment of the pedo-sedimentary dynamicand the occupation of the different altitude stages.The significance of the archaeological data collectedis discussed in relation to the state of knowledge in acomparison area including the neighbouring valleysof the western Alps, to existing settlement modelsand to taphonomic indications provided by the pedosedimentarystudy. A programme of complementaryanalyses intended to refine the context, taphonomyand functionalDans le cadre d’un programme pluriannuel, descampagnes de sondages ont été réalisées surles deux versants du col du Petit-Saint-Bernard(2188 m, Alpes occidentales), entre 750 et 3000m d’altitude. La méthode de travail néglige lesprospections au sol, au profit de la multiplicationdes sondages manuels, implantés dans descontextes topographiques sélectionnés et menésjusqu’à la base des remplissages holocènes. Lesrésultats obtenus documentent dans la longue duréel’évolution de la dynamique pédo-sédimentaire etla fréquentation des différents étages d’altitude. Lasignification des données archéologiques collectéesest discutée par rapport à l’état des connaissancesdans une zone de comparaison groupant les valléesvoisines des Alpes occidentales, par rapport auxmodèles de peuplement existants et par rapport auxindications taphonomiques apportées par l’étudepédo-sédimentaire. Un programme d’analysescomplémentaires destiné à préciser le contexte, lataphonomie et le statut fonctionne
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