Exploração do conceito “jogo e cultura” no campo das artes plásticas

Geograficamente a região que compreende as províncias de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (Portugal) e de Zamora (Espanha) comunga de rituais ancestrais comuns e únicos, apesar das fronteiras políticas, diluída nos dias de hoje em consequência da integração na Comunidade Europeia. Pretendemos abordar os conceitos já explorados de “Sagrado” e “Profano”, no presente caso parecem não ser antagónicos, senão interdependentes, nas pequenas comunidades rurais portuguesas e espanholas. O conceito foi explorado e descrito através de dois óleos sobre tela, da autoria de Luís Canotilho, tendo como base exploratória as “Festas de Inverno em Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro” e as “Mascaradas de Invierno de Zamora” e a manifestação religiosa que constitui a romaria católica da “Senhora do Nazo”, perto da cidade de Miranda do Douro. Geographically the region comprising the provinces of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (Portugal) and Zamora (Spain) shares of common ancestral rituals and unique, despite the political boundaries, diluted nowadays as a result of integration into the European Community. We intend to address the concepts already explored "Sacred" and "Profane" in this case seem to be antagonistic, but interdependent, small rural communities in Portuguese and Spanish. The concept was explored and described through two oils on canvas, designed by Luis Canotilho, based on the exploratory "Winter Festivals in Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro" and "Cloaked Invierno Zamora" and religious expression which is a Catholic pilgrimage of "Lady of Nazo", near the town of Miranda do Douro

Multicriteria evaluation of novel technologies for organic micropollutants removal in advanced water reclamation schemes for indirect potable reuse

Postprint (author's final draft

Los Procesos miméticos en el derecho, como fruto de la acción de los movimientos sociales y la posible agilización de las actuaciones legítimas de éstos a través de las ONG, en medio de un pluralismo comunitarista

Consultable des del TDXTítol obtingut de la portada digitalitzadaCon el presente trabajo, se pretende satisfacer los requerimientos en investigación de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB) con respecto a la Tesis doctoral. Esta tesis consta de diez partes, que en conjunto comprenden 15 capítulos. Para desarrollarla, se ha utilizado un enfoque cuyo objeto es plasmar una postura personal -fruto de la investigación-. Su clase es inicialmente histórica, pero desemboca en lo descriptivo analítico. La idea de Tesis implica adoptar una postura personal con respecto a algo. Pues bien, en este trabajo, se asume una posición con respecto a la actividad del legislador, toda vez que la misma -al igual que la del Estado en general- ya no satisface totalmente los requerimientos de las colectividades y hoy, más que nunca, se hace obvia la presencia de otros actores que inciden en la creación de normas al provocar que se den iniciativas de ley, ajenas muchas veces a las ideas originales de los legisladores. El fenómeno jurídico luce muchas veces como algo que ya no debe tocarse, por haber muchos estudios sobre él. Sin embargo, presenta situaciones y actores que merecen trato y estudio en el contexto de lo normativo, como el caso del papel de la comunidad y de los movimientos sociales que se dan dentro de ella. Se propone -en esa línea- que el Derecho puede actuar como los camaleones, al darse una mimesis en lo jurídico cuando la acción de los movimientos sociales -entre otras- se traduce en normas de varios tipos, lo que preserva la existencia del Derecho, ya que éste, como fruto de la cultura y de la civilización es adquirido luego de muchos esfuerzos y puede perderse fácilmente, si no se adapta a lo que requiere lo social. El Derecho ha de equilibrar las fuerzas de quienes gobiernan y de quienes son gobernados para mantener la paz social. Éste, en su fase de creación, ya no es sólo una tarea parlamentaria de iniciativas de ley formuladas y planteadas en razón de la representatividad formal, sino es fruto de lo anterior, lo que implica configurar nuevamente la visión que se tiene del Estado, para hacer de la mimesis algo más fácil, ágil y beneficioso a las comunidades. El Estado se va volviendo, cada vez más, incapaz de atender las necesidades sociales; el legislador no necesariamente percibe lo que el pueblo que lo eligió necesita. No siempre a través de la acción del legislador, las sociedades se organizan de modo variable y segregan con independencia relativa su propio Derecho. El Derecho es entonces, un subproducto y un espejo de la sociedad. En la actualidad, las sociedades se ven influenciadas por la globalización, las empresas multinacionales, y las realidades de otras sociedades próximas a ellas o bien, al otro lado del mundo. Por otra parte, hoy por hoy, tenemos una visión más amplia del universo. Y por ello entendemos que hay grupos de presión -aceptémoslo- que hacen que ese entorno no sea «interno», sino esté globalizado. Lo anterior, podría requerir un replanteamiento acerca de la noción de la ciencia de lo normativo, para hacerlo más efectivo y actual. Y, además, en casos muy específicos, de administración de justicia -sobre todo en el contexto anglosajón- esa mimesis se da gracias a la intervención de los jueces, como fruto de la producción escalonada del Derecho; en este caso, la conciencia sobre la justicia de lo pedido, agilizaría el aprovechamiento de la mimesis mencionada. Lo anterior implica tomar en cuenta la participación de los actores colectivos mencionados, lo que será mejor si se hace en razón de valores sociales compartidos y a través de entidades como las organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONG) que, como puente y canal, podrían trasladar las inquietudes sociales a los entes que se ocupan de regular jurídicamente la conducta. El valor social compartido y la consecuencial armonía que puede lograrse en la vida comunitaria -tanto de las comunidades pequeñas, como de las grandes comunidades- tiene una gran cantidad de contenido ético, pero es una ética en común, respetando la pluralidad y la multiplicidad de culturas en lo posible. En ese pluralismo comunitario se aprovecharía de mejor manera el capital social, que tiene concordancia con la idea de comunidad y está relacionado con lo que algunos llaman «virtud cívica», con la adición de que esta virtud cívica será más fuerte si está enmarcada en una red de relaciones sociales recíprocas, que serían unos valores sociales compartidos. Y lo anterior, bajo la premisa de que todo cuanto acontece en el orden público tenga -o deba tener- como presupuesto una definición del concepto de justicia; tanto por lo que hace al ejercicio del poder de parte de los gobernantes, como por lo que corresponde al trato justo que reclaman los ciudadanos. De la síntesis entre ambos enfoques resulta la bilateralidad de los derechos y deberes del Estado, respecto de los derechos y deberes que corresponden a los ciudadanos. El Estado debe satisfacer para todos las siete aspiraciones sociales cardinales que, para los fines de esta tesis son: la aspiración de seguridad, la aspiración de nuevas experiencias y de perfeccionamiento o adelanto, la aspiración de reconocimiento, la aspiración de asistir, la aspiración de libertad, la aspiración de poder y la aspiración de sujeción.The purpose of this work is to fulfill the research requirements in connection with a doctoral thesis at Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB). The thesis consists of ten parts which amount to a total of fifteen chapters. In order to develop it, a focus has been used to express a personal position arising from research. This is a thesis that begins as a historical piece and ends up as an analytic and descriptive work. The idea of a thesis implies adopting a personal posture in regard to an issue. In this work, we assume a position with respect to the activity of a legislator as long as that activity, as well as that of the State in general, is no longer responsive to the collectivities; today, more than ever, the presence of other players and their influence on the creation of new legislation independent from the original thoughts of legislators has become obvious. Having been the subject of many studies, the juridical phenomenon may often appear no longer to be a viable area of research. However, there are always situations and players worthy of study and consideration within the context of the normative; such is the case of the community and the social movements that arise within it. We propose, along these lines, that the Law may be like a chameleon and mime the way in which the actions of social movements, as well as others, become norms of various types into the juridical realm. That is what perpetuates the existence of the Law since otherwise, being a product of culture and civilization, it is only acquired after much effort and can easily be lost if it does not adapt to social needs. In order to preserve the peace, the rule of Law must find a balance between the power of those who govern and the societal needs. At the moment of creation this is no longer only a parliamentary duty to formulate bills and introduce them as means of formal representation but rather the product of that very process. This forces us to reconfigure our view of the State so that the Law's mimesis of social processes flows easily and is most beneficial to the community. The State is increasingly incapable of tending to the social needs; legislators do not necessarily recognize the needs of those who elected them. It is not always through legislative actions therefore that societies organize themselves in various ways to give birth with relative independence to their own laws. The legal system is therefore a byproduct as well as a mirror of society. Nowadays societies are influenced by globalization, multinational corporations, and the influence of other societies that may or may not be at a geographical proximity. On the other hand, our vision of the universe is much wider than ever before. As we understand that there are pressure points, we must acknowledge that the framework is not internal but globalized. With this in mind, the notion of the science of the normative may need to be reformulated so that it may be more effective and contemporary. Yet another point is how in very specific cases of handling of justice issues, specially within an Anglo-Saxon context, the mimesis takes place through the intervention of judges and is a consequence of the graded development of the Law. When this happens, the awareness of how just a demand may be expedites the benefit of the mimesis mentioned. What has been exposed thus far demands that we take into account the role of the collective players mentioned above. This will be accomplished best if it is done within a context of shared social values and through entities such as non-government organizations that can serve as a bridge and a communication channel in order to translate social concerns to the entities in charge of the juridical regulation of conduct. The shared social values and harmony that can be reached in community living, regardless of the size of the communities in question, have a large amount of ethical content, but this must be of a common ethic that respects the plurality and multiplicity of cultures as much as possible. It would be within such community pluralism that most benefit could be reaped from the social capital, which is concordant with the idea of community and is related to what some call «civic virtue» with the addition that said civic virtue will be stronger when framed in a net of reciprocal social relations which would be shared social values. The above, under the premise that everything that happens within the public order has, or should have, as an assumption a definition of the concept of justice, not only as it pertains to the exercise of power by those who govern but as it does to the fair treatment that citizens demand. The synthesis of both approaches yields the bilaterality of the rights and duties of the State with respect to the rights and duties of the citizens. The State must then satisfy the seven cardinal social expectations which, for the purpose of this thesis, are the expectation of security, the expectation of new experiences, progress and development, the expectation of recognition, the expectation of support, the expectation of liberty, the expectation of power and the expectation of abiding

Calibração do modelo numérico da ponte ferroviária do Côa

O estudo de construções existentes recorrendo a técnicas de modelação numérica, com base no método dos elementos finitos (MEF) para análise do comportamento estrutural foi o motivo da realização deste trabalho. Trata-se de um estudo essencialmente académico que visa a análise da resposta estrutural da ponte ferroviária do Côa sob ação do peso próprio e de cargas ferroviárias estaticamente distribuídas pelo tabuleiro utilizando modelos numéricos 2D e 3D calibrados tendo por base os resultados numéricos e os ensaios dinâmicos de vibração ambiental. O estudo iniciou-se com a consulta dos documentos históricos, nomeadamente o projeto, o caderno de encargos e o processo de correspondência da obra com vista ao conhecimento dos componentes da estrutura da ponte e a respetiva geometria. Na fase seguinte procedeu-se à criação de um modelo numérico 3D de um pilar da ponte, discretizado por macro-elementos homogéneos equivalente para, com base nas técnicas de modelação numérica, calcular os parâmetros dos materiais e utilizá-los nos modelos numéricos (2D e 3D) da ponte. Os resultados obtidos foram usados no modelo numérico 2D da ponte, o qual foi calibrado tendo por base o modelo numérico 3D simplificado, construído em trabalhos precedentes, e os resultados experimentais (Costa, et al, 2013). Finalmente foi efetuada a análise da resposta estrutural da ponte sob ação do peso próprio e de cargas ferroviárias estáticas utilizando os modelos numéricos de elementos finitos 2D e 3D, considerando o comportamento dos materiais em regime linear elástico

Tumor markers in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer is a clinical entity of a persistent relevance in clinical practice and its early diagnosis is a determinant factor to obtain better therapeutic results. Tumor markers are helpful means for a better approach to individuals with such neoplasm. In the present review, the authors analyze the phases in which surgical-clinical treatment markers must be used: diagnosis, determination of tumor stage, establishment of prognosis and detection of recurrence. Current and future markers and the consensus on their use are discussed. Causal factors for errors in diagnosis with markers and perspectives of use are also presented.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Disciplina de Gastroenterologia CirúrgicaUNIFESP, EPM, Disciplina de Gastroenterologia CirúrgicaSciEL

Adaptive offloading for infotainment systems

Infotainment applications in vehicles are currently supported both by the in-vehicle platform, as well as by user’s smart devices, such as smartphones and tablets. More and more the user expects that there is a continuous service of applications inside or outside of the vehicle, provided in any of these devices (a simple but common example is hands-free mobile phone calls provided by the vehicle platform). With the increasing complexity of ‘apps’, it is necessary to support increasing levels of Quality of Service (QoS), with varying resource requirements. Users may want to start listening to music in the smartphone, or video in the tablet, being this application transparently ‘moved’ into the vehicle when it is started. This paper presents an adaptable offloading mechanism, following a service-oriented architecture pattern, which takes into account the QoS requirements of the applications being executed when making decisions

Human‐induced globalization of insular herpetofaunas

Aim: The aim was to document the impact of the globalization of human activity on the biodiversity and biogeographical patterns of reptilian and amphibian faunas across islands worldwide. Location: Islands worldwide. Time period: From the 15th century to the present time. Major taxa studied: Reptiles and amphibians. Methods: We compiled lists of the reptilian and amphibian species that occurred on islands before the 15th century and of those that occur currently. For each species group, we calculated differences in species richness and in compositional similarities among islands, between the two periods. Regression models were used: (a) to associate the observed differences with spatial patterns of geographical, climatic, biotic and human factors; and (b) to quantify changes in the relative importance of non-human factors in explaining the spatial patterns of species richness and compositional similarity. Results: The richness of reptile and amphibian species increased consistently across islands worldwide. Hotspots of increase were detected in the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean. The composition of species assemblages was substantially homogenized; this was particularly true for amphibians within the Caribbean Sea and for reptiles within the Caribbean Sea and Indian Ocean and between the Indian and the Pacific Oceans. Our results showed that spatial patterns of change in species richness and compositional similarity are driven by human and natural factors. The driving role of mean annual temperature is particularly consistent, and current reptile richness and compositional similarity patterns for both species groups are increasingly being shaped by the global temperature gradient. Main conclusions: The globalization of human activity is eroding the regionalized character of insular herpetofaunas and leading to the emergence of global-scale gradients of taxonomic composition and species richness. Projections of increasing rates of biological invasions, extinctions and climate change suggest that these changes are likely to be aggravated even further in the coming decadesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Selectrodialysis and bipolar membrane electrodialysis combination for industrial process brines treatment: Monovalent-divalent ions separation and acid and base production

Chemical industries generate large amounts of wastewater rich in different chemical constituents. Amongst these, salts at high concentrations are of major concern, making necessary the treatment of saline effluents before discharge. Because most of these rejected streams comprise a combination of more than one salt at high concentration, it is reasonable to try to separate and revalorize them to promote circular economy at industry site level. For this reason, ion-exchange membranes based technologies were integrated in this study: selectrodialysis (SED) and electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EDBM). Different process brines composed by Na2SO4 and NaCl at different concentrations were treated first by SED to separate each salt, and then by EDBM to produce base (NaOH) and acids (HCl and H2SO4) from each salt. The optimum of both electrolyte nature and concentration of the SED stack streams was evaluated. Results indicated that it was possible to separate Cl- and SO42- depending on the anionic membrane, initial electrolytes and concentrations of each stream. Pure NaOH and a mixture of HCl and H2SO4 with different purities could be obtained. Energy consumption evolutions were plotted and an optimal zone work was found where the consumption values were acceptable.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft