The probabilistic nature of soil formation and erosion on mathematically modeled deflation processes

The problem of construction of dynamic model based on the data obtained from a finite time interval has been developed to form the most authentic representation of the process development to which these data are related, i.e., of its basic characteristics. New approach employing modem methods of spectral estimation has been used to solve stated proble

Kreativität und Übersetzen

Die Arbeit setzt die aktuellen Ergebnisse der Kreativitätsforschung in Beziehung mit den Untersuchungen zum Übersetzungsprozess in der Translationswissenschaft. Damit wird gezeigt, dass das Übersetzen per se ein kreativer Akt ist

Estimation of the Structure of Free Space in an Aerosol Cloud

The increasing role of high-precision weapons (HPW) in the weapons system of foreign countries means the need to improve the means and methods of complex camouflage of troops, an integral part of which is the use of aerosols. The article is a continuation of research on the assessment of the effectiveness of camouflage of objects with aerosols based on the calculation of the proportion of space hidden (screened) by aerosol particles for the free passage of visible light carrying information about the object and the surrounding background. According to the authors, when recognizing an object through a moving aerosol structure, in addition to the proportion of free space, its structure also influences camouflage, namely the size of the cells from minimum to maximum, which together make up this space.The purpose of the work is to assess a new camouflage factor, that is, the nature of the distribution in an aerosol cloud of the structure of free space depending on the density of the aerosol (integral concentration, g/m2) along the line of sight (observation) and the size of its particles, μm.Research method. Theoretical modeling of the passage of light through an aerosol cloud using a PC.Discussion. The calculations performed on a PC show the existence of a probabilistic distribution of free space cells by their size (size and area), which make up the total value of free space, previously estimated by us as a whole. The unevenness of the cell size is due to turbulence of the surface air layer with aerosol distributed in it. The calculations showed that the cell size is extremely small: no more than 100 μm.Conclusion. The small size of the cells and their dynamic distribution in space during the propagation of the aerosol cloud can be considered in mathematical terms as an additional term of the probability of camouflage, due to the non-perception (non-distinction) of the camouflaged objects. The term is new and, perhaps, requires clarification, both theoretically and during experiments in an aerosol chamber. But its meaning lies in the existence of a minimum limiting solid angle of difference (perception) by the human eye of pixels of visible information through the moving structure of an aerosol cloud at a certain observation range

Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Childhood Autism-related Outcomes

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic evidence linking prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with altered neurodevelopment is inconclusive, and few large studies have focused on autism-related outcomes. We investigated whether blood concentrations of PFAS in pregnancy are associated with child autism-related outcomes. METHODS: We included 10 cohorts from the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program (n = 1,429). We measured 14 PFAS analytes in maternal blood collected during pregnancy; eight analytes met detection criteria for analysis. We assessed quantitative autism-related traits in children via parent report on the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). In multivariable linear models, we examined relationships of each PFAS (natural log-transformed) with SRS scores. We further modeled PFAS as a complex mixture using Bayesian methods and examined modification of these relationships by child sex. RESULTS: Most PFAS in maternal blood were not associated with child SRS T-scores. Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) showed the strongest and most consistent association: each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed PFNA was associated with greater autism-related traits (adjusted β [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.5 [-0.1, 3.0]). The summed mixture, which included six PFAS detected in >70% of participants, was not associated with SRS T-scores (adjusted β [95% highest posterior density interval] = 0.7 [-1.4, 3.0]). We did not observe consistent evidence of sex differences. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal blood concentrations of PFNA may be associated with modest increases in child autism-related traits. Future work should continue to examine the relationship between exposures to both legacy and emerging PFAS and additional dimensional, quantitative measures of childhood autism-related outcomes

Association of maternal education, neighborhood deprivation, and racial segregation with gestational age at birth by maternal race/ethnicity and United States Census region in the ECHO cohorts

Background: In the United States, disparities in gestational age at birth by maternal race, ethnicity, and geography are theorized to be related, in part, to differences in individual- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES). Yet, few studies have examined their combined effects or whether associations vary by maternal race and ethnicity and United States Census region. Methods: We assembled data from 34 cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program representing 10,304 participants who delivered a liveborn, singleton infant from 2000 through 2019. We investigated the combined associations of maternal education level, neighborhood deprivation index (NDI), and Index of Concentration at the Extremes for racial residential segregation (ICERace) on gestational weeks at birth using linear regression and on gestational age at birth categories (preterm, early term, post–late term relative to full term) using multinomial logistic regression. Results: After adjustment for NDI and ICERace, gestational weeks at birth was significantly lower among those with a high school diploma or less (−0.31 weeks, 95% CI: −0.44, −0.18), and some college (−0.30 weeks, 95% CI: −0.42, −0.18) relative to a master’s degree or higher. Those with a high school diploma or less also had an increased odds of preterm (aOR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.10) and early term birth (aOR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.51). In adjusted models, NDI quartile and ICERace quartile were not associated with gestational weeks at birth. However, higher NDI quartile (most deprived) associated with an increased odds of early term and late term birth, and lower ICERace quartile (least racially privileged) associated with a decreased odds of late or post-term birth. When stratifying by region, gestational weeks at birth was lower among those with a high school education or less and some college only among those living in the Northeast or Midwest. When stratifying by race and ethnicity, gestational weeks at birth was lower among those with a high school education or less only for the non-Hispanic White category. Conclusion: In this study, maternal education was consistently associated with shorter duration of pregnancy and increased odds of preterm birth, including in models adjusted for NDI and ICERace

Innovative Methods and Applications in Mucoadhesion Research.

The present review is aimed at elucidating relatively new aspects of mucoadhesion/mucus interaction and related phenomena that emerged from a Mucoadhesion workshop held in Munster on 2-3 September 2015 as a satellite event of the ICCC 13th-EUCHIS 12th. After a brief outline of the new issues, the focus is on mucus description, purification, and mucus/mucin characterization, all steps that are pivotal to the understanding of mucus related phenomena and the choice of the correct mucosal model for in vitro and ex vivo experiments, alternative bio/mucomimetic materials are also presented. Then a selection of preparative techniques and testing methods are described (at molecular as well as micro and macroscale) that may support the pharmaceutical development of mucus interactive systems and assist formulators in the scale-up and industrialization steps. Recent applications of mucoadhesive systems (including medical devices) intended for different routes of administration (oral, gastrointestinal, vaginal, nasal, ocular, and intravesical) and for the treatment of difficult to treat pathologies or the alleviation of symptoms are described

Assessing the quality of sports clubs services in Carinthia

Magistrsko delo govori o kakovosti storitev, ki jo športna društva na Koroškem nudijo svojih uporabnikom. Namen magistrskega dela je prispevati k izboljšanju kakovosti delovanja športnih organizacij, ki se ukvarjajo s športnimi vadbami. Ker takšna raziskava do sedaj še ni bila izvedena na slovenskem prostoru, je namen zaključnega dela oblikovanje primernega anketnega vprašalnika in dejavnikov zagotavljanja kakovosti ter skozi analizo rezultatov le-teh ugotoviti, kakšna je kakovost storitev, ki jo Koroška športna društva nudijo svojim mladoletnim uporabnikom. Za samo temo magistrskega dela smo se odločili, ker takšna problematika do sedaj še ni bila analizirana, ker tudi sami delujemo na področju športa mladostnikov in nas je zanimalo, kakšno kakovost storitev nudimo svojim uporabnikom. V analizi rezultatov raziskave, ki smo jo opravili s pomočjo razvitega anketnega vprašalnika in modela za ugotavljanje kakovosti, smo ugotovili, da je delovanje koroških športnih društev, ki se ukvarjajo z vadbo ekipnih športov na področju športa mladostnikov, kakovostna ter da svojim uporabnikom nudi kakovostno izvedene storitve, ki zadovoljujejo vse njihove potrebe po kvalitetni športni vadbi. Z magistrskim delom smo razvili anketni vprašalnik in model za ugotavljanje kakovosti storitev, ki bo športnim organizacijam, ki delujejo na področju športnih vadb, v pomoč pri ugotavljanju in zagotavljanju kakovosti storitev, ki jih bodo nudile svojim uporabnikom ter boljši medsebojni interakciji med njimi in njihovimi uporabniki.The master’s thesis discusses the quality of services which are offered by the sports clubs in Carinthia to their clients. The purpose of the master’s thesis is to contribute to the quality improvement of operations of sports organizations which are involved in sports exercises. Because such research was not carried out in Slovenia before, the purpose of the master’s thesis is to form an appropriate survey questionnaire and the factors of the quality assurance and through the analysis of the results of the survey questionnaires, to discover what the quality of services offered by Carinthian sports clubs to their juvenile clients is. We decided on the topic of the master’s thesis because such issues had not been analyzed before and because we are also active in the field of sports of juveniles. We were also interested in what kind of quality we offer to our clients. In the analysis of the results performed by means of the developed survey questionnaire and the model for the quality assessment, we ascertained that operations of the Carinthian sports clubs which are involved in the training of team sports in the field of the sports of juveniles are qualitative and that the sports clubs offer their clients qualitatively performed services which satisfy all their needs of qualitative sports exercises. In the master’s thesis, we developed the survey questionnaire and the model for the quality services assessment which will be of assistance to the sports organizations, which are active in the field of sports exercises, in the assessment and in ensuring the quality services offered to their clients and in better mutual interactions between them and their clients

"Konsequenz der Nachhaltigkeit im Controlling in Bezug auf Anreizsysteme mit besonderem Blick auf die ökologische Dimension"

Lydia BurjakKlagenfurt, Alpen-Adria-Univ., Master-Arb., 2013(VLID)241286