ÁRBOLESDE DECISIÓN PARA LA GENERACIÓN DE MÉTRICA CUANTITATIVA EN TÉRMINOS DE CALIDAD EN USABILIDAD PARA APLICATIVOS WEB

La usabilidad como principal factor en la aceptación y credibilidad de los sitios o páginas web, juega un papel y rol importante en el mercado actual, generando mayor interés en el área de desarrollo de software, por lo cual se generó un test basado en árboles de decisiones evaluado bajo características undamentales de los sitios web como la navegabilidad, diseño, búsqueda y contenido, acotados bajo una línea de importancia frente a otras. Dichos factores se componen de elementos que permiten la cuantificación y evaluación de los sitios obteniendo como resultado un valor representativo en materia de usabilidad de la página en la cual se efectuó el test. Mediante la investigación se realizaron múltiples análisis permitiendo concluir que la usabilidad permite mejorar y reducir el espacio o línea de aprendizaje entre el usuario y el sitio web, mediante la retroalimentación del test establecid

Convivencia Social y Salud Mental en el Departamento del Chocó

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo general promover la salud mental en el departamento del choco, el cual fue objeto de estudio, a partir de ello, abordar los objetivos específicos identificando alianzas estrategias en pro de la gestión oportuna y atención de los fenómenos sociales, generando herramientas educativas de tipo individual, familiar y comunitaria. De acuerdo con el plan decenal de salud pública, el proyecto se enmarca en la dimensión 1 convivencia social y salud mental, y tiene como enfoque la prevención y atención integral a personas con problemas y trastornos mentales a causa de la violencia. Por lo anterior se diseña un plan con dos estrategias, la intervención temprana y la intervención médica y psicosocial con eficacia aprobada que tienen como propósito ahondar en el factor protector de los derechos humanos, revirtiendo y reduciendo los factores de riesgos con el fin de impactar los determinantes sociales y proporcionar salud y bienestar a la población.The general objective of the present work was to promote mental health in the department of Choco, which was the object of study, based on this, to address the specific objectives identifying strategic alliances in favor of the timely management and attention of social phenomena, generating educational tools of individual, family, and community type. In accordance with the ten-year public health plan, the project is part of dimension 1, social coexistence and mental health, and its focus is prevention and comprehensive care for people with mental problems and disorders caused by violence. Therefore, a plan is designed with two strategies, early intervention and medical and psychosocial intervention with approved efficacy, whose purpose is to delve into the protective factor of human rights, reversing and reducing risk factors in order to impact the social determinants and provide health and well-being to the population

Desarrollo de la gestión del proceso general de la manipulación de los medicamentos peligrosos en las unidades de hospitalización a domicilio

Objective: To identify associated hazards and to describe chemical risks arising from these in the process of handling of hazardous drugs (HD) in Home Hospitalization Units (HHU), as the initial phase of its risk assessment and which affect the security of healthcare professionals.Method: There was a consensus of experts (nominal group and documentary techniques) using a mixed method through two face-to-face rounds (meeting of participants and approval of proposals) and three masked rounds (review of the material on an individual basis). The analysis was applied to the field of home hospitalization and the stages of the process were designed using standardized graphical notation Business Process Modeling Notation.Results: It was obtained the specific flowchart for management and traceability of the HD, being characterized each of the phases of the general process, they were collected in a chart of stage management and operations of conservation, transportation and administration of HD in HHU, which served for the subsequent description of chemical hazards and exposure ways.Conclusions: The HD should be integrated in a standard management system in order to improve the safety of the patient and healthcare professionals, at the same time that the efficiency of resources are maximized and procedural incidents are minimized, ensuring the quality and the safety of the process of handling the HD on the HHU.It would be desirable, once the hazards have been identified, to carry out an assessment of the risks by following a systematic methodology and preventative approach that allows calibrating the probability of occurrence and severity of any adverse event.Objetivo: Identificar los peligros asociados y describir los riesgos químicos derivados de éstos, en el proceso de manipulación de los medicamentos peligrosos (MP) en las Unidades de Hospitalización a Domicilio (UHD), como fase inicial de su evaluación de riesgos y que afectan a la seguridad del profesional sanitario.Método: Se realizó un consenso de expertos (grupo nominal y técnicas documentales) utilizando un método mixto mediante dos rondas presenciales (reunión de los participantes y aprobación de propuestas) y tres rondas enmascaradas (revisión del material de forma individual). El análisis se aplicó al ámbito de la Hospitalización a Domicilio y las etapas del proceso se diseñaron mediante notación gráfica normalizada Business Process Modeling Notation.Resultados: Se obtuvo el diagrama de flujo específico para la gestión y trazabilidad de los MP, caracterizándose cada una de las fases del proceso general, recopiladas en un cuadro de gestión de etapas y operaciones de conservación, transporte y administración de MP en las unidades de hospitalización a domicilio, que sirvió para la posterior descripción de riesgos químicos y vías de exposición.Conclusiones: Los MP deben integrarse en un sistema normalizado de gestión con el fin de mejorar la seguridad del paciente y de los profesionales sanitarios, a la vez que se maximiza la eficiencia de los recursos y minimizan los incidentes procesales, garantizando la calidad y la seguridad del proceso de manipulación de MP en la UHD.Sería deseable, una vez se han identificado los peligros, llevar a cabo una evaluación de los riesgos siguiendo una metodología sistemática y de abordaje preventivo que permita calibrar la probabilidad de ocurrencia y la gravedad de cualquier suceso adverso

Assessing the risk of using hazardous drugs in Hospital-at-Home Units: a big data study protocol.

Incluye versión en español e inglés[ES] Objetivo: Describir el protocolo del estudio para la instauración del control del proceso de los medicamentos peligrosos que asegure la calidad y su trazabilidad, mediante el análisis de riesgos, desarrollando e implantando una herramienta informatizada que, gracias a la utilización de técnicas de big data, permita conocer y auditar el conjunto del sistema de forma continua y dinámica. Método: Mediante los procesos de notación gráfica normalizada Business Process Model Notation se desarrollarán los flujogramas específicos que permitan conocer las etapas del proceso de los medicamentos peligrosos que determinen la trazabilidad total del sistema. Cada una de las etapas será recogida en los cuadros de gestión, donde a través de la probabilidad del suceso y su gravedad se calculará el índice de criticidad de cada punto de control que se determine, y se establecerán las medidas de control. A partir de los cuadros de gestión se desarrollará el soporte tecnológico para la captura de todos los datos que sean pertinentes al modelo. Para asegurar el control de la calidad del proceso se optará por agentes software cliente, que permitan en fases posteriores aplicar herramientas eficientes en el procesamiento de datos de modo automático. A partir de aproximaciones metodológicas del big data, y en particular del ámbito de machine learning, se desarrollarán algoritmos sobre el reposito rio de datos generado para poder obtener patrones que permitan mejorar los protocolos de aplicación. Por último, para asegurar el funcionamiento del proceso se realizará la verificación clínico-farmacéutica y la revisión completa, técnico-documental, de los sistemas de control y registro. Conclusiones: La generación del sistema de gestión de riesgos mediante tecnología móvil permitirá integrar los medicamentos peligrosos en un sistema normalizado, con el fin de mejorar la seguridad, calidad y trazabilidad del proceso de manipulación de los medicamentos peligrosos. [EN] Objective: This article describes a study protocol for the implementation of quality and traceability control in the hazardous  medication circuit through an analysis of risks and the development and  introduction of a Big Data-based software application aimed at performing  a continuous and dynamic audit of the whole system. Method: A standardized graphical modeling tool called Business Process Model Notation will be used to generate a detailed description of each of the stages in the hazardous medication circuit with a view to  ensuring full traceability of the system. The information on each stage will  be collected in a flowchart, which will be used -together with each event's likelihood of occurrence and severity- as a basis to calculate the  criticality index of the different control points established and to determine  any control measures that may be required. The flowcharts will  also be used to develop the technological support needed to capture  all such data as may be relevant to the model. Proper quality control of the process will be ensured by client software agents intended to allow  automatic applica tion of efficient data processing tools at the different  phases. In addition, Big Data methodologies, in particular machine  learning, will be used to develop algorithms based on the repository of  generated data to come up with patterns capable of improving the  protocols to be applied. Lastly, proper operation of the process will be  ensured by means of clinicalpharmaceutical verification and a full  technical-documentary review of control and registration systems. Conclusions: The development of a risk management system based on  mobile technology will allow integration of hazardous drugs into a standardized system, ensuring the safety, quality, and traceability of the hazardous medication handling process.Este trabajo cuenta con una ayuda del Instituto de Salud Carlos III de Madrid, España, mediante el Proyecto de Investigación en Salud con referencia PI16/00788.S

Morphological traits and metrical measurements in teeth of indigenous population of Cauca, Colombia

Los rasgos morfológicos dentales (RMD) y el tamaño dental son características fenotípicas del esmalte dental que tienen variabilidad de expresión entre individuos. Se describen los RMD coronales y la longitud de dientes permanentes de indígenas del departamento del Cauca, Colombia. Se realiza un estudio descriptivo transversal en una muestra (n=100) de indígenas pertenecientes al resguardo de Guambia, seleccionados con criterios de inclusión y aprobación firmada de consentimiento voluntario. Se obtiene modelos de yeso para analizar ocho RMD según el método de ASUDAS (pala, doble pala central y lateral, reducción del hipocono, cresta distal accesoria, tubérculo de Carabelli, metaconulo y cúpide 6). Se miden las longitudes vestíbulo palatinas y meso distales sobre imágenes fotográficas con el software Micromanager ®. El rasgo más frecuente (47,31%) es el incisivo en pala del diente central superior. El primer molar superior presenta dimorfismo contralateral (p=0,040) y diferencias de tamaño estadísticamente significativas (p=0,012). El primer molar inferior tiene diferencias de tamaño estadísticamente significativas entre contralaterales (p=0,029). Estos resultados indican que los RMD presentan bilateralidad en su expresión a excepción del tubérculo de Carabelli y el grado de expresión se encuentra relacionado con los tamaños dentales en incisivos centrales y molares superiores.Dental crown traits (DCT) are phenotypic characteristics of tooth enamel that have expression variability in individuals. Eight DCT and sizes of permanent teeth indigenous of Cauca, Colombia are described. A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on a sample (n = 100) of indigenous from Guambia (Cauca). Inclusion criteria were applied and signed approval of voluntary consent. Cast models were obtained to analyze eight DCT according to the method of ASUDAS (Central incisors in shovel-shape and double shovel-shape, distal accessory ridge, Carabelli trait, metaconule and cusp 6). Meso-distal and buco-lingual measurements were obtained. The most common trait (47.31%) is shovelshape in upper incisor. The first molar has contralateral dimorphism (p=0.040) and statistically significant differences in size (p=0.012). The first lower molar was differences in size between contralateral teeth (p=0.029). These results indicate that the DCT are bilateral expression with except Carabelli´s trait. The degree of expression may be related to dental sizes in central incisors and molars.Sociedad de Ciencias Morfológicas de La Plat

Differential presentation of hypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin and oxaliplatin: Phenotypes, endotypes, and management with desensitization

Background: Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) to platinum-based drugs are heterogenous and restrict their access, and drug desensitization (DD) has provided a ground-breaking procedure for their re-introduction, although the response is heterogeneous. We aimed to identify the phenotypes, endotypes, and biomarkers of reactions to carboplatin and oxaliplatin and their response to DD. Methods: Seventy-nine patients presenting with DHRs to oxaliplatin (N = 46) and carboplatin (N = 33) were evaluated at the Allergy Departments of two tertiary care hospitals in Spain. Patient symptoms, skin testing, biomarkers, and outcomes of 267 DDs were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Oxaliplatin-reactive patients presented with type I (74%), cytokine release reaction (CRR) (11%), and mixed (Mx) (15%) phenotypes. In contrast, carboplatin reactive patients presented with predominantly type I (85%) and Mx (15%) but no CRRs. Out of 267 DDs, breakthrough reactions (BTRs) to oxaliplatin occurred twice as frequently as carboplatin (32% vs. 15%; p < .05). Phenotype switching from type I to another phenotype was observed in 46% of oxaliplatin DDs compared to 21% of carboplatin DDs. Tryptase was elevated in type I and Mx reactions, and IL-6 in CRR and Mx, indicating different mechanisms and endotypes. Conclusion: Carboplatin and oxaliplatin induced three different types of reactions with defined phenotypes and endotypes amendable to DD. Although most of the initial reactions for both were type I, oxaliplatin presented with unique CRR reactions. During DD, carboplatin reactive patients presented mostly type I BTR, while oxaliplatin-reactive patients frequently switched from type I to CRR, providing a critical difference and the need for personalized DD protocols

The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE : survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

Funding for the WEAVE facility has been provided by UKRI STFC, the University of Oxford, NOVA, NWO, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), the Isaac Newton Group partners (STFC, NWO, and Spain, led by the IAC), INAF, CNRS-INSU, the Observatoire de Paris, Région Île-de-France, CONCYT through INAOE, Konkoly Observatory (CSFK), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg), Lund University, the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), the Swedish Research Council, the European Commission, and the University of Pennsylvania.WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366-959 nm at R ∼ 5000, or two shorter ranges at R ∼ 20,000. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for ∼ 3 million stars and detailed abundances for ∼ 1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey ∼ 0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey  ∼ 400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in z 1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z > 2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.PostprintPeer reviewe

The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366$-$959\,nm at $R\sim5000$, or two shorter ranges at $R\sim20\,000$. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for $\sim$3 million stars and detailed abundances for $\sim1.5$ million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey $\sim0.4$ million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey $\sim400$ neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in $z<0.5$ cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in $\sim25\,000$ field galaxies at $0.3\lesssim z \lesssim 0.7$; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using $>1$ million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at $z>2$. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.Comment: 41 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication by MNRA

Reducing capacity, chlorogenic acid content and biological activity in a collection of scarlet (Solanum aethiopicum) and gboma (S. macrocarpon) eggplants

Scarlet (Solanum aethiopicum) and gboma (S. macrocarpon) eggplants are important vegetables in Sub-Saharan Africa. Few studies have been made on these crops regarding the diversity of phenolic content and their biological activity. We have studied the reducing activity, the chlorogenic acid and other phenolic acid contents in a collection of 56 accessions of scarlet eggplant, including the four cultivated groups (Aculeatum, Gilo, Kumba, Shum) and the weedy intermediate S. aethiopicum-S. anguivi types, as well as in eight accessions of gboma eggplant, including the cultivated S. macrocarpon and its wild ancestor, S. dasyphyllum. A sample of the accessions evaluated in this collection has been tested for inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) using macrophage cell cultures. The results show that there is a great diversity in both crops for reducing activity, chlorogenic acid content and chlorogenic acid peak area (% of total phenolic acids). Heritability (H-2) for these traits was intermediate to high in both crops. In all samples, chlorogenic acid was the major phenolic acid and accounted for more than 50% of the chromatogram peak area. Considerable differences were found among and within groups for these traits, but the greatest values for total phenolics and chlorogenic acid content were found in S. dasyphyllum. In most groups, reducing activity was positively correlated (with values of up to 0.904 in the Aculeatum group) with chlorogenic acid content. Inhibition of NO was greatest in samples having a high chlorogenic acid content. The results show that both crops are a relevant source of chlorogenic acid and other phenolic acids. The high diversity found also indicates that there are good prospects for breeding new scarlet and gboma eggplant cultivars with improved content in phenolics and bioactive properties.This research has been partially funded by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and FEDER (Grant AGL2012-34213) and by Conselleria d'Educacio i Esport de la Generalitat Valenciana (Grant ACOMP/2014/191). Pietro Gramazio is grateful to Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for a predoctoral fellowship.Plazas Ávila, MDLO.; Prohens Tomás, J.; Cuñat, A.; Vilanova Navarro, S.; Gramazio, P.; Herraiz García, FJ.; Andújar Pérez, I. (2014). Reducing capacity, chlorogenic acid content and biological activity in a collection of scarlet (Solanum aethiopicum) and gboma (S. macrocarpon) eggplants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 15(10):17221-17241. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms151017221S17221172411510PLAZAS, M., ANDÚJAR, I., VILANOVA, S., HURTADO, M., GRAMAZIO, P., HERRAIZ, F. J., & PROHENS, J. (2013). Breeding for Chlorogenic Acid Content in Eggplant: Interest and Prospects. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 41(1), 26. doi:10.15835/nbha4119036Soobrattee, M. A., Neergheen, V. S., Luximon-Ramma, A., Aruoma, O. I., & Bahorun, T. (2005). Phenolics as potential antioxidant therapeutic agents: Mechanism and actions. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 579(1-2), 200-213. doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.03.023Fresco, P., Borges, F., Diniz, C., & Marques, M. P. M. (2006). New insights on the anticancer properties of dietary polyphenols. Medicinal Research Reviews, 26(6), 747-766. doi:10.1002/med.20060Dai, J., & Mumper, R. J. (2010). Plant Phenolics: Extraction, Analysis and Their Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties. Molecules, 15(10), 7313-7352. doi:10.3390/molecules15107313Sato, Y., Itagaki, S., Kurokawa, T., Ogura, J., Kobayashi, M., Hirano, T., … Iseki, K. (2011). In vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 403(1-2), 136-138. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.09.035Surh, Y.-J. (2003). Cancer chemoprevention with dietary phytochemicals. Nature Reviews Cancer, 3(10), 768-780. doi:10.1038/nrc1189VIRGILI, F., & MARINO, M. (2008). Regulation of cellular signals from nutritional molecules: a specific role for phytochemicals, beyond antioxidant activity. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 45(9), 1205-1216. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.08.001Rice-Evans, C. A., Miller, N. J., & Paganga, G. (1996). Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 20(7), 933-956. doi:10.1016/0891-5849(95)02227-9Manach, C., Scalbert, A., Morand, C., Rémésy, C., & Jiménez, L. (2004). Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 79(5), 727-747. doi:10.1093/ajcn/79.5.727Alarcón-Flores, M. I., Romero-González, R., Martínez Vidal, J. L., Egea González, F. J., & Garrido Frenich, A. (2014). Monitoring of phytochemicals in fresh and fresh-cut vegetables: A comparison. Food Chemistry, 142, 392-399. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.065Suzuki, A., Yamamoto, N., Jokura, H., Yamamoto, M., Fujii, A., Tokimitsu, I., & Saito, I. (2006). Chlorogenic acid attenuates hypertension and improves endothelial function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Journal of Hypertension, 24(6), 1065-1073. doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000226196.67052.c0Cho, A.-S., Jeon, S.-M., Kim, M.-J., Yeo, J., Seo, K.-I., Choi, M.-S., & Lee, M.-K. (2010). Chlorogenic acid exhibits anti-obesity property and improves lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced-obese mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(3), 937-943. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2010.01.003Ahn, E. H., Kim, D. W., Shin, M. J., Kwon, S. W., Kim, Y. N., Kim, D.-S., … Choi, S. Y. (2011). Chlorogenic Acid Improves Neuroprotective Effect of PEP-1-Ribosomal Protein S3 Against Ischemic Insult. Experimental Neurobiology, 20(4), 169. doi:10.5607/en.2011.20.4.169Burgos-Morón, E., Calderón-Montaño, J. M., Orta, M. L., Pastor, N., Pérez-Guerrero, C., Austin, C., … López-Lázaro, M. (2012). The Coffee Constituent Chlorogenic Acid Induces Cellular DNA Damage and Formation of Topoisomerase I– and II–DNA Complexes in Cells. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(30), 7384-7391. doi:10.1021/jf300999eCOMAN, C., RUGINA, O. D., & SOCACIU, C. (2012). Plants and Natural Compounds with Antidiabetic Action. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 40(1), 314. doi:10.15835/nbha4017205Zhao, Y., Wang, J., Ballevre, O., Luo, H., & Zhang, W. (2011). Antihypertensive effects and mechanisms of chlorogenic acids. Hypertension Research, 35(4), 370-374. doi:10.1038/hr.2011.195Dos Santos, M. D., Almeida, M. C., Lopes, N. P., & de Souza, G. E. P. (2006). Evaluation of the Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic Activities of the Natural Polyphenol Chlorogenic Acid. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 29(11), 2236-2240. doi:10.1248/bpb.29.2236Stommel, J. R., & Whitaker, B. D. (2003). Phenolic Acid Content and Composition of Eggplant Fruit in a Germplasm Core Subset. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 128(5), 704-710. doi:10.21273/jashs.128.5.0704Whitaker, B. D., & Stommel, J. R. (2003). Distribution of Hydroxycinnamic Acid Conjugates in Fruit of Commercial Eggplant (Solanum melongenaL.) Cultivars. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(11), 3448-3454. doi:10.1021/jf026250bProhens, J., Rodríguez-Burruezo, A., Raigón, M. D., & Nuez, F. (2007). Total Phenolic Concentration and Browning Susceptibility in a Collection of Different Varietal Types and Hybrids of Eggplant: Implications for Breeding for Higher Nutritional Quality and Reduced Browning. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 132(5), 638-646. doi:10.21273/jashs.132.5.638Prohens, J., Whitaker, B. D., Plazas, M., Vilanova, S., Hurtado, M., Blasco, M., … Stommel, J. R. (2013). Genetic diversity in morphological characters and phenolic acids content resulting from an interspecific cross between eggplant,Solanum melongena, and its wild ancestor (S. incanum). Annals of Applied Biology, 162(2), 242-257. doi:10.1111/aab.12017Lester, R. N. (1986). TAXONOMY OF SCARLET EGGPLANTS, SOLANUM AETHIOPICUM L. Acta Horticulturae, (182), 125-132. doi:10.17660/actahortic.1986.182.15Bukenya, Z. R., & Carasco, J. F. (1994). Biosystematic Study of Solanum Macrocarpon—S. Dasyphyllum Complex in Uganda and Relations with Solanum Linnaeanum. East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal, 59(3), 187-204. doi:10.1080/00128325.1994.11663195Polignano, G., Uggenti, P., Bisignano, V., & Gatta, C. D. (2009). Genetic divergence analysis in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and allied species. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 57(2), 171-181. doi:10.1007/s10722-009-9459-6Plazas, M., Andújar, I., Vilanova, S., Gramazio, P., Herraiz, F. J., & Prohens, J. (2014). Conventional and phenomics characterization provides insight into the diversity and relationships of hypervariable scarlet (Solanum aethiopicum L.) and gboma (S. macrocarpon L.) eggplant complexes. Frontiers in Plant Science, 5. doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00318Prohens, J., Plazas, M., Raigón, M. D., Seguí-Simarro, J. M., Stommel, J. R., & Vilanova, S. (2012). Characterization of interspecific hybrids and first backcross generations from crosses between two cultivated eggplants (Solanum melongena and S. aethiopicum Kumba group) and implications for eggplant breeding. Euphytica, 186(2), 517-538. doi:10.1007/s10681-012-0652-xMennella, G., Rotino, G. L., Fibiani, M., D’Alessandro, A., Francese, G., Toppino, L., … Lo Scalzo, R. (2010). Characterization of Health-Related Compounds in Eggplant (Solanum melongenaL.) Lines Derived from Introgression of Allied Species. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(13), 7597-7603. doi:10.1021/jf101004zCao, G., Sofic, E., & Prior, R. L. (1996). Antioxidant Capacity of Tea and Common Vegetables. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 44(11), 3426-3431. doi:10.1021/jf9602535San José, R., Sánchez-Mata, M.-C., Cámara, M., & Prohens, J. (2014). Eggplant fruit composition as affected by the cultivation environment and genetic constitution. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 94(13), 2774-2784. doi:10.1002/jsfa.6623Hanson, P. M., Yang, R.-Y., Tsou, S. C. S., Ledesma, D., Engle, L., & Lee, T.-C. (2006). Diversity in eggplant (Solanum melongena) for superoxide scavenging activity, total phenolics, and ascorbic acid. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 19(6-7), 594-600. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2006.03.001Luthria, D. L., & Mukhopadhyay, S. (2006). Influence of Sample Preparation on Assay of Phenolic Acids from Eggplant. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(1), 41-47. doi:10.1021/jf0522457Mennella, G., Lo Scalzo, R., Fibiani, M., D’Alessandro, A., Francese, G., Toppino, L., … Rotino, G. L. (2012). Chemical and Bioactive Quality Traits During Fruit Ripening in Eggplant (S. melongenaL.) and Allied Species. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(47), 11821-11831. doi:10.1021/jf3037424García-Salas, P., Gómez-Caravaca, A. M., Morales-Soto, A., Segura-Carretero, A., & Fernández-Gutiérrez, A. (2014). Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in diverse cultivars of eggplant grown in different seasons by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector and electrospray-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry. Food Research International, 57, 114-122. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.032Raigón, M. D., Prohens, J., Muñoz-Falcón, J. E., & Nuez, F. (2008). Comparison of eggplant landraces and commercial varieties for fruit content of phenolics, minerals, dry matter and protein. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 21(5), 370-376. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2008.03.006M. Perez-de-Castro, A., Vilanova, S., Canizares, J., Pascual, L., M. Blanca, J., J. Diez, M., … Pico, B. (2012). Application of Genomic Tools in Plant Breeding. Current Genomics, 13(3), 179-195. doi:10.2174/138920212800543084Plazas, M., López-Gresa, M. P., Vilanova, S., Torres, C., Hurtado, M., Gramazio, P., … Prohens, J. (2013). Diversity and Relationships in Key Traits for Functional and Apparent Quality in a Collection of Eggplant: Fruit Phenolics Content, Antioxidant Activity, Polyphenol Oxidase Activity, and Browning. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(37), 8871-8879. doi:10.1021/jf402429kLuthria, D. L. (2012). A simplified UV spectral scan method for the estimation of phenolic acids and antioxidant capacity in eggplant pulp extracts. Journal of Functional Foods, 4(1), 238-242. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2011.11.002Everette, J. D., Bryant, Q. M., Green, A. M., Abbey, Y. A., Wangila, G. W., & Walker, R. B. (2010). Thorough Study of Reactivity of Various Compound Classes toward the Folin−Ciocalteu Reagent. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(14), 8139-8144. doi:10.1021/jf1005935Sánchez-Rangel, J. C., Benavides, J., Heredia, J. B., Cisneros-Zevallos, L., & Jacobo-Velázquez, D. A. (2013). The Folin–Ciocalteu assay revisited: improvement of its specificity for total phenolic content determination. Analytical Methods, 5(21), 5990. doi:10.1039/c3ay41125gWang, J., & Mazza, G. (2002). Inhibitory Effects of Anthocyanins and Other Phenolic Compounds on Nitric Oxide Production in LPS/IFN-γ-Activated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(4), 850-857. doi:10.1021/jf010976aSánchez-Mata, M.-C., Yokoyama, W. E., Hong, Y.-J., & Prohens, J. (2010). α-Solasonine and α-Solamargine Contents of Gboma (Solanum macrocarpon L.) and Scarlet (Solanum aethiopicum L.) Eggplants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(9), 5502-5508. doi:10.1021/jf100709gHwang, S. J., Kim, Y.-W., Park, Y., Lee, H.-J., & Kim, K.-W. (2013). Anti-inflammatory effects of chlorogenic acid in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Inflammation Research, 63(1), 81-90. doi:10.1007/s00011-013-0674-4Prior, R. L., Wu, X., & Schaich, K. (2005). Standardized Methods for the Determination of Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolics in Foods and Dietary Supplements. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(10), 4290-4302. doi:10.1021/jf0502698Helmja, K., Vaher, M., Püssa, T., Raudsepp, P., & Kaljurand, M. (2008). Evaluation of antioxidative capability of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)skin constituents by capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography. ELECTROPHORESIS, 29(19), 3980-3988. doi:10.1002/elps.200800012Grisham, M. B., Johnson, G. G., & Lancaster, J. R. (1996). Quantitation of nitrate and nitrite in extracellular fluids. Nitric Oxide Part A: Sources and Detection of NO; NO Synthase, 237-246. doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(96)68026-