70 research outputs found

    Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

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    RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≄60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

    COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

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    Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≀ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≄ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P &lt; 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

    Meymac (19), Place du Bûcher. Photogrammétrie et étude des fours issus de l'abbatiale, rapport final de prospection

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    Les fouilles rĂ©alisĂ©es en 1978 par la Direction des AntiquitĂ©s Historiques du Limousin Ă  l’abbatiale de Meymac ont mis au jour deux fours, dits de verriers, Ă  l’intĂ©rieur de la nef . L'objectif de ces sondages archĂ©ologiques Ă©tait de dĂ©finir la chronologie relative et absolue des stratigraphies de l'ancienne abbatiale de Meymac. A l’issue de l’opĂ©ration, les blocs de pierres prĂ©alablement numĂ©rotĂ©s constituant les deux fours, ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©montĂ©s pour ĂȘtre dĂ©placĂ©s et remontĂ©s dans une des ailes de l’abbatiale, abritant actuellement des salles d’expositions de la fondation Vazeilles. Un premier lot de verre est conservĂ© au SRA, site de Limoges. Un second lot est exposĂ© dans les locaux de l'association "ArchĂ©ologie paysage" implantĂ©e Ă  Uzerche. Une prospection inventaire, avec relevĂ© et photogrammĂ©trie des structures, a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e afin d’enregistrer la position de remontage des fours et de comparer celle-ci avec leur position primaire, lorsqu’ils ont Ă©tĂ© mis au jour en 1978. Ces donnĂ©es ont permis d’évaluer la morphologie de ces espaces de travail et de comparer leur forme avec les typologies de fours de verriers rĂ©fĂ©rencĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats de cette intervention ont montrĂ© que nous ne disposions pas de donnĂ©es suffisantes pour considĂ©rer ces structures comme des vestiges d’un artisanat verrier. L’étude du mobilier en verre de Meymac sera toutefois intĂ©grĂ©e Ă  des recherches doctorales, portant sur l’objet en verre dans le Centre-ouest de la France, de la fin du Moyen Âge Ă  l’époque moderne (XIVe-XVIIIe siĂšcle). Le recensement de ces structures de chauffe participe Ă  l’étude de l’implantation d’un artisanat dans la montagne limousine Ă  l’époque moderne et le caractĂšre rare de la dĂ©couverte appuie l’intĂ©rĂȘt d’une valorisation et d’une sauvegarde de ces vestiges

    Procédé de décharge d'un générateur électrochimique

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    Disclosed is a method for discharging an electrochemical generator (10) comprising a negative electrode (20) containing lithium or sodium and a positive electrode (30), the method comprising a discharging step during which the electrochemical generator (10) is brought into contact with an ionic liquid solution (100) containing a solvent ionic liquid and an electrically conductive powder so as to discharge the electrochemical generator (10)

    Procédé de décharge d'un générateur électrochimique

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    Disclosed is a method for discharging an electrochemical generator (10) comprising a negative electrode (20) containing lithium or sodium and a positive electrode (30), the method comprising a discharging step during which the electrochemical generator (10) is brought into contact with an ionic liquid solution (100) containing a solvent ionic liquid and an electrically conductive powder so as to discharge the electrochemical generator (10)

    Le site de Bialé (Saint-Justin, Landes). Rapport final d'opération

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    L’étude historique gĂ©nĂ©rale et prospection thĂ©matique portant sur le site de BialĂ©, quartier d’Arouille, commune de Saint-Justin (Landes) avait pour objectif la documentation et le repĂ©rage des vestiges sur le site. L’occupation est attestĂ©e dans les textes sous forme de mentions d’un site castral de fondation ducale, confiĂ© Ă  des vassaux en coseigneurie dĂšs le XIIIe siĂšcle, puis d’une fondation de bastide Ă  la fin de ce mĂȘme siĂšcle. La topographie gĂ©nĂ©rale et la prospection pĂ©destre ont permis de mettre en Ă©vidence des vestiges de fortification et d’occupation : le site est dĂ©fendu par un puissant fossĂ© et un rempart en terre barrant la partie la plus plane de l’éperon sur lequel il se dĂ©veloppe. Deux plates-formes fossoyĂ©es sont Ă©galement prĂ©sentes Ă  la pointe de l’éperon, ainsi qu’un passage encadrĂ© entre deux mottes, servant d’entrĂ©e occidentale au site. Le mobilier prĂ©levĂ© atteste la prĂ©sence de constructions, d’une occupation domestique bien circonscrite au site aux Ă©poque mĂ©diĂ©vale et moderne ainsi que d’activitĂ©s de rĂ©duction du fer. La bastide est quant Ă  elle repĂ©rĂ©e dans le parcellaire par l’étude archĂ©ogĂ©ographique Ă  proximitĂ© du site : il semble prĂ©senter un aspect bicĂ©phale, entre un fortification ancienne et une fondation de village neuf

    Le site de Bialé (Saint-Justin, Landes). Rapport final d'opération

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    La campagne de prospection gĂ©ophysique et de sondages de 2023 sur le site de BialĂ© a permis de prĂ©ciser la chronologie et les modes de construction du systĂšme fossĂ©-rempart (Zone 1). Les sondages y ont Ă©tĂ© mis en place Ă  la suite d’une prospection Ă©lectrique ayant mis en Ă©vidence d’importants contrastes de rĂ©sistivitĂ©. Une premiĂšre phase datĂ©e du haut Moyen Âge est identifiĂ©e, caractĂ©risĂ©e par l’amĂ©nagement du fossĂ© en excavation et l’apport de matĂ©riaux en remblai pour la constitution du rempart talutĂ©. Une occupation du haut Moyen Âge est Ă©galement attestĂ©e en comblement du fossĂ©, dont le remplissage et le scellement final prennent place entre la fin du Moyen Âge et le XIXe siĂšcle. Un sondage placĂ© au sommet du rempart a permis de mettre en Ă©vidences ses modes de construction, ainsi qu’une possible phase mĂ©diĂ©vale de surĂ©lĂ©vation ou d’entretien. Un test de prospection magnĂ©tique menĂ© dans la partie interne du site, sur l’éperon (Zone 2) a quant Ă  lui rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© la prĂ©sence de plusieurs anomalies magnĂ©tiques correspondant Ă  des structures

    Systematic review with meta-analysis: Anti-TNF therapy in refractory pouchitis and Crohn's disease-like complications of the pouch after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis following colectomy for ulcerative colitis

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    International audienceBackground: Inflammatory complications including chronic refractory pouchitis and Crohn's disease (CD)-like complications of the pouch are common complications after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) following colectomy for ulcerative colitis (UC). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of anti-TNF therapy in distinguishing patients with chronic refractory pouchitis from those with CD-like complications of the pouch. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search to identify articles and abstracts reporting anti-TNF agents efficacy in treating inflammatory complications of the pouch after IPAA for UC. Short-term and long-term remissions were evaluated at 8 weeks 95% CI[5-10] and 12 months 95% CI[12-18.5], respectively. Results: We identified 21 articles and 3 abstracts including 313 patients treated either with infliximab (n = 194) or adalimumab (n = 119) for inflammatory complications of the pouch. The rates of short-term and long-term clinical remission were 0.50 (95% CI [0.37-0.63]; I-2 = 0.57) and 0.52 (95% CI[0.39-0.65]; I-2 = 0.59), respectively. The rate of remission after anti-TNF induction therapy seemed to be higher in CD-like complications of the pouch 0.64 (95% CI[0.5-0.77]; I-2 = 0.18), compared to refractory pouchitis 0.10 (95% CI [0.00-0.35]; I-2 = 0.00) (P = 0.06), whereas no such difference appeared after long-term maintenance therapy 0.57 (95% CI[0.43-0.71]; I-2 = 0.32) and 0.37 (95% CI [0.14-0.62]; I-2 = 0.47), respectively (P = 0.57). Sensitivity analyses suggested no difference in outcomes. No significant publication bias has been detected. Conclusion: Anti-TNF agents have a clear trend to have higher and faster efficacy in CD-like complications of the pouch compared to refractory pouchitis, highlighting the need to differentiate these two entities both in daily practice and clinical trials
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