Plasmonic and Hydrodynamic Effects in Ultrafast Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures on Metals

International audienceWe report results on the development of laser-induced periodic surface structures produced by ultrashort laser pulses irradiating metallic surfaces. The surface topology features are discussed in terms of periodicity and amplitude contrast of the pattern formation, and in relation to the chrono-logical sequence of laser-induced events. Resonant excitation of Surface Plasmons in metallic grat-ings show that the surface wave excited during the femtosecond laser pulse can initiate the observed patterning. Metallic behavior under nonequilibrium conditions on the picosecond timescale is then investigated to correlate the amount of material experiencing solid-to-liquid transitions and the sub-sequent structure amplitude. With the derived observation, the calculation of the transient nonequi-librium thermodynamic characteristics of excited nickel is performed, allowing to define character-istic timescales of thermocapillary processes which may occur under multi-pulse irradiation

Sous les scories, une nécropole : un petit ensemble funéraire du Haut-Empire (Coulans-sur-Gée, « Les Brochardières », Sarthe)

Localisée en périphérie de la commune de Coulans-sur-Gée, à environ quinze kilomètres à l’ouest du Mans, la parcelle ZS 37 au lieu-dit « Les Brochardières » était jusqu’à récemment vouée au pâturage. La fouille qui s’est déroulée entre le 27 février et le 15 mars 2012 a permis de mettre au jour une nécropole à crémations partiellement conservée, installée le long d’une limite parcellaire d’origine probablement antique (matérialisée par une haie ou un chemin). Quatre dépôts ont été clairement identifiés, datés du courant du iie siècle de notre ère jusqu’au début du iiie siècle par le mobilier céramique. L’organisation interne et le matériel issu des fosses présentent une grande diversité. Les dépôts sont de type mixte et/ou en ossuaire, dans des fosses probablement couvertes, ayant ménagé un espace vide. Les céramiques sont d’origine locale, seule une forme témoigne de l’existence de vaisselle importée. Par la suite, un atelier de réduction directe du minerai de fer a été installé vers le milieu du iiie siècle de notre ère au bord du parcellaire préexistant, comprenant une aire de calcination, un bas fourneau et un amas de scories, le tout arasé. À une date indéterminée, une partie de ces vestiges a servi à exhausser la bande de roulement du chemin proche.About 15 kms from the french city of Le Mans, a partially preserved necropolis with cremations was found in 2012 along a plot of land probably inherited from the Roman period. Four graves have been identified, dated from the IInd to the beginning of the IIIrd century thanks to the pottery. Internal organisation and artefacts from those pits are very diversified. Deposits are of different types : ossuaries, pyre debris being redeposited, and deposits which includes both of the previous types. Pottery-wares used to place the ossuary, as well as the vessels deposited in the structures are from local origin, only one was imported. Afterwards, a steel industry settled in the mid IIIrd century.Im Jahr 2012 wurde rund 15 km westlich der französischen Stadt Le Mans eine teilweise erhaltene römische Nekropole mit Brandbestattungen nachgewiesen. Das betroffene Flurstück ZS 37 in der Flur „Les Brochardières“ war erst jüngst zur Beweidung freigegeben worden. Die Ausgrabung des Gräberfeldes fand vom 27 Februar bis zum 15 März 2012 statt. Sie hat gestattet, ein teilweise erhaltenes Brandgräberfeld freizulegen, das entlang einer durch eine Hecke oder einen Weg markierten Flurstücksgrenze angelegt worden war. Diese reicht vermutlich in die römische Zeit zurück. Vier Grabdeponierungen konnten eindeutig identifiziert werden. Sie können durch die Keramikfunde einem Zeitraum vom 2. bis zum frühen 3. Jh. n. Chr. zugewiesen werden. Die Bestattungssitten sowie das Fundmaterial aus den Grabgruben zeichnen sich durch große Diversität aus. Bei den Grabdeponierungen treten verschiedene Typen auf: Leichenbranddeponierungen sowie Brandschüttungen oder eine Mischung beider Bestattungssitten. Diese wurden in abgedeckten Gruben beigesetzt, bei denen offenbar stets ein Hohlraum erhalten blieb. Die Grabkeramik wurde dazu genutzt, den Leichenbrand zu deponieren. Die Keramikformen verweisen auf lokale Produktion; eine einzige Keramikform belegt auf das Auftreten von Importkeramik. Außerdem wurde ein Werkplatz entdeckt, an dem Roheisen verarbeitet wurde. Er wurde im Laufe des 3. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. am Rande des bereits existierenden Flurstücks angelegt und umfasste einen Röstplatz, einen Rennofen und eine Schlackenhalde, die jedoch alle bereits erodiert waren. Zu einem nicht näher bestimmbaren Zeitpunkt diente ein Teil dieser Hinterlassenschaften offenbar dazu, die Fahrbahn des nahegelegenen Weges zu erhöhen

Exercise and bariatric surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the feasibility and acceptability of exercise and controlled trial methods

This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the feasibility and acceptability of exercise and controlled trial methods in adults awaiting or having undergone bariatric surgery (BS). Search methods used to identify relevant articles were inclusion of articles identified in a systematic review, new database search of articles published 2019–2021, and hand searching reference lists. Titles/abstracts and full-texts were screened by two reviewers independently against inclusion criteria: adults awaiting or having undergone BS, controlled trial, exercise group compared with a comparison group without exercise. Twenty-eight articles were reviewed; most interventions were supervised, performed after BS, and lasted ≤13 weeks. Pooled data for exercise intervention attendance and dropout rates were 84% (k = 10) and 5% (k = 19), respectively, though possibly misestimated due to poor/selective reporting. Median study and recruitment duration were 18 weeks and 24 months, respectively, with a pooled enrollment rate of 2.5 participants/month. Pooled data for refusal to participate, enrollment, and retention rates were 23% (k = 16), 43% (k = 18), and 87% (k = 26), respectively. Despite the lack of data available in studies included, exercise and controlled trial methods seem feasible and acceptable for adults awaiting or having undergone BS. To better identify methodological or practical challenges, and assess bias, better reporting of feasibility and acceptability indicators is needed in future studies

Acceptability and Feasibility of the Telehealth Bariatric Behavioral Intervention to Increase Physical Activity: Protocol for a Single-Case Experimental Study

Background: Regular physical activity (PA) is recommended to optimize weight and health outcomes in patients who have undergone metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). However, >70% of patients have low PA levels before MBS that persist after MBS. Although behavioral interventions delivered face-to-face have shown promise for increasing PA among patients who have undergone MBS, many may experience barriers, preventing enrollment into and adherence to such interventions. Delivering PA behavior change interventions via telehealth to patients who have undergone MBS may be an effective strategy to increase accessibility and reach, as well as adherence. Objective: This paper reports the protocol for a study that aims to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the protocol or methods and the Telehealth Bariatric Behavioral Intervention (TELE-BariACTIV). The intervention is designed to increase moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) in patients awaiting bariatric surgery and is guided by a multitheory approach and a patient perspective. Another objective is to estimate the effect of the TELE-BariACTIV intervention on presurgical MVPA to determine the appropriate sample size for a multicenter trial. Methods: This study is a multicenter trial using a repeated (ABAB’A) single-case experimental design. The A phases are observational phases without intervention (A1=pre-MBS phase; A2=length personalized according to the MBS date; A3=7 months post-MBS phase). The B phases are interventional phases with PA counseling (B1=6 weekly pre-MBS sessions; B2=3 monthly sessions starting 3 months after MBS). The target sample size is set to 12. Participants are inactive adults awaiting sleeve gastrectomy who have access to a computer with internet and an interface with a camera. The participants are randomly allocated to a 1- or 2-week baseline period (A1). Protocol and intervention feasibility and acceptability (primary outcomes) will be assessed by recording missing data, refusal, recruitment, retention, attendance, and attrition rates, as well as via web-based acceptability questionnaires and semistructured interviews. Data collected via accelerometry (7-14 days) on 8 occasions and via questionnaires on 10 occasions will be analyzed to estimate the effect of the intervention on MVPA. Generalization measures assessing the quality of life, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and theory-based constructs (ie, motivational regulations for PA, self-efficacy to overcome barriers to PA, basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration, PA enjoyment, and social support for PA; secondary outcomes for a future large-scale trial) will be completed via web-based questionnaires on 6-10 occasions. The institutional review board provided ethics approval for the study in June 2021. Results: Recruitment began in September 2021, and all the participants were enrolled (n=12). Data collection is expected to end in fall 2023, depending on the MBS date of the recruited participants. Conclusions: The TELE-BariACTIV intervention has the potential for implementation across multiple settings owing to its collaborative construction that can be offered remotely

Separating the isomers-Efficient synthesis of the N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of 5 and 6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate and 5 and 6-carboxyrhodamine B

AbstractDiacetate protection of 5 and 6-carboxyfluorescein followed by synthesis of the N-hydroxysuccinimide esters allowed ready separation of the two isomers on a multi-gram scale. The 5 and 6-carboxyrhodamine B N-hydroxysuccinimide esters were also readily synthesised and separated

Structure, Function, and Evolution of the Thiomonas spp. Genome

Bacteria of the Thiomonas genus are ubiquitous in extreme environments, such as arsenic-rich acid mine drainage (AMD). The genome of one of these strains, Thiomonas sp. 3As, was sequenced, annotated, and examined, revealing specific adaptations allowing this bacterium to survive and grow in its highly toxic environment. In order to explore genomic diversity as well as genetic evolution in Thiomonas spp., a comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) approach was used on eight different strains of the Thiomonas genus, including five strains of the same species. Our results suggest that the Thiomonas genome has evolved through the gain or loss of genomic islands and that this evolution is influenced by the specific environmental conditions in which the strains live

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Perception du concept de dominance par les propriétaires de chiens (à partir d'une enquête)

L'enquête présente, effectuée auprès des propriétaires de chiens dans plusieurs cliniques vétérinaires, a pour objectif de recueillir leur perception du concept de dominance et d'en comprendre les raisons. Les résultats montrent qu'une grande proportion de chiens bénéficie de privilèges de dominant et présente des signes de sociopathie (21%). L'étude des facteurs de risque de la dominance révèle que la pratique régulière d'une activité structurée avec le chien diminue le risque de sociopathie, alors que l'anthropomorphisme l'augmente. Interrogés sur quelques situations typiques de dominance, les propriétaires interprètent souvent mal (dans plus de 60% des cas) la signification des comportements hiérarchiques du chien. Les facteurs potentiels susceptibles d'influencer ces interprétations ont été recherchés (incompréhension des codes sociaux, anthropomorphisme, infantilisation).NANTES-Ecole Nat.Vétérinaire (441092302) / SudocSudocFranceF