Disseny de la instal·lació elèctrica d'una planta fotovoltaica

Com a continuació del Treball de Final d’Estudis del grau d’Enginyeria de l’Energia, en el present projecte s’ha desenvolupat el disseny detallat de la instal·lació elèctrica de baixa tensió de la planta fotovoltaica de 370 kW que es preveu construir. Per assolir aquest objectiu s’ha utilitzat la metodologia definida a la normativa espanyola (REBT). A l’hora de fer-lo, s’han plantejat dues possibles ubicacions per al centre de transformació d’evacuació de la central, necessari per a la injecció d’energia a la xarxa. Un cop conegut els paràmetres característics de tots els components del sistema s’ha fet un estudi del mercat per a trobar els elements més adequats per a l’aplicació estudiada. També s’ha executat un estudi de la secció òptima del cablejat des d’un punt de vista energètic i econòmic al llarg de la vida útil de la central. A l’estudi econòmic, s’ha fet una comparació dels resultats obtinguts amb l’estimació feta al primer treball i els obtinguts amb un pressupost detallat dels conductors i les proteccions elèctriques. Pel que fa al centre de transformació, aquest s’ha dissenyat per a les dues possibles ubicacions amb el programa “amiKIT”, el qual ha generat una memòria tècnica amb totes les seves especificacions.Como continuación del Trabajo de Final de Estudios del grado de Ingeniería de la Energía, en el presente proyecto se ha desarrollado el diseño detallado de la instalación eléctrica de baja tensión de la planta fotovoltaica de 370 kW que se prevé construir. Para lograr este objetivo se ha utilizado la metodología definida a la normativa española (REBT). Para hacerlo, se han planteado dos posibles ubicaciones para el centro de transformación de evacuación de la central, necesario para la inyección de energía en la red. Una vez conocidos los parámetros característicos de todos los componentes del sistema se ha hecho un estudio del mercado para encontrar los elementos más adecuados para la aplicación estudiada. También se ha ejecutado un estudio de la sección óptima del cableado desde un punto de vista energético y económico a lo largo de la vida útil de la central. En el estudio económico, se ha hecho una comparación de los resultados obtenidos con la estimación hecha en el primer trabajo y los obtenidos con un presupuesto detallado de los conductores y las protecciones eléctricas. En cuanto al centro de transformación, este se ha diseñado para las dos posibles ubicaciones con el programa "*amiKIT", el cual ha generado una memoria técnica con todas sus especificaciones.As a follow-up to the Final Thesis of Studies in the Degree of Energy Engineering, the present project has developed the detailed design of the low voltage electrical installation of the 370 kW photovoltaic plant that is planned to be built. To achieve this objective, the methodology defined in Spanish regulations (REBT) has been used. In doing so, two possible locations have been considered for the power station evacuation transformation center needed for the injection of power into the network. Once the characteristic parameters of all components of the system have been known, a market study has been carried out to find the most suitable elements for the application studied. A study of the optimum wiring section has also been executed from an energy and economic point of view throughout the power station's lifespan. In the economic study, a comparison has been made of the results obtained with the estimate made of the first job and those obtained with a detailed budget of drivers and electrical protections. Regarding the transformation center, it has been designed for both possible locations with the "amiKIT" program, which has generated a technical memory with all its specifications

Characterization and gene expression analysis of the cir multi-gene family of plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS)

Background: The pir genes comprise the largest multi-gene family in Plasmodium, with members found in P. vivax, P. knowlesi and the rodent malaria species. Despite comprising up to 5% of the genome, little is known about the functions of the proteins encoded by pir genes. P. chabaudi causes chronic infection in mice, which may be due to antigenic variation. In this model, pir genes are called cir s and may be involved in this mechanism, allowing evasion of host immune responses. In order to fully understand the role(s) of CIR proteins during P. chabaudi infection, a detailed characterization of the cir gene family was required. Results: The cir repertoire was annotated and a detailed bioinformatic characterization of the encoded CIR proteins was performed. Two major sub-families were identified, which have been named A and B. Members of each sub-family displayed different amino acid motifs, and were thus predicted to have undergone functional divergence. In addition, the expression of the entire cir repertoire was analyzed via RNA sequencing and microarray. Up to 40% of the cir gene repertoire was expressed in the parasite population during infection, and dominant cir transcripts could be identified. In addition, some differences were observed in the pattern of expression between the cir subgroups at the peak of P. chabaudi infection. Finally, specific cir genes were expressed at different time points during asexual blood stages. Conclusions: In conclusion, the large number of cir genes and their expression throughout the intraerythrocytic cycle of development indicates that CIR proteins are likely to be important for parasite survival. In particular, the detection of dominant cir transcripts at the peak of P. chabaudi infection supports the idea that CIR proteins are expressed, and could perform important functions in the biology of this parasite. Further application of the methodologies described here may allow the elucidation of CIR sub-family A and B protein functions, including their contribution to antigenic variation and immune evasion

From my arrival to now I have noticed an improvement with theCatalan”: the role of social mentoring in the acquisition of the linguafranca in immigrant children and adolescents

Este estudio tiene como objetivo ahondar en si el apoyo de la mentoría social en los niños/as y adolescentes de origen inmigrante favorece la adquisición de la lengua vehicular del contexto de acogida: el catalán. Para ello, en este estudio se analizaron los principales efectos que tienen las relaciones de mentoría de los proyectos Rossinyol y en Tándem en Cataluña. Corresponde a un diseño cuasiexperimental, mixto, con pre- y postest a un grupo participante (N=132) y un grupo control (N=129) de niños/as y adolescentes de origen inmigrante, y a sus docentes. También se realizaron entrevistas en pro-fundidad a mentorados. Los resultados aportan datos relevantes sobre el rol de la mentoría social en la aceleración de la adquisición del catalán y en cómo se puede favorecer la inclusión social de los adolescentes inmigrantes durante los primeros años de acogida gracias al apoyo informal de sus mentores.This study aims to promote a better understanding of how social support provided by youth mentoring contributes to the acquisition of the lingua franca,Catalan, by immigrant children and adolescents in the new context of reception. Thus, this inquiry analysed the main effects of mentoring relationships from the Nightingale and enTàndem mentoring programmes run in Catalonia. This is a mixed methods study usinga quasi-experimental design, with a pretest and postest to the particpant (N=132) and control group (N=129) of children and adolescents of migrant background, and to their teachers. Interviews indepth with mentees were also conducted. Main results contribute with new knowledge on the role of mentoring in the acceleration of the language of instruction and on how social inclusion of migrant adolescents may take place in the first years of arrival due to the informal support received by mentor

Concomitant heterochromatinisation and down-regulation of gene expression unveils epigenetic silencing of RELB in an aggressive subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in males

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The sensitivity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells to current treatments, both <it>in vitro </it>and <it>in vivo</it>, relies on their ability to activate apoptotic death. CLL cells resistant to DNA damage-induced apoptosis display deregulation of a specific set of genes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Microarray hybridization (Human GeneChip, Affymetrix), immunofluorescent <it>in situ </it>labeling coupled with video-microscopy recording/analyses, chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP), polymerase chain reactions (PCR), real-time quantitative PCR (RT-QPCR) and bisulfite genome sequencing were the main methods applied. Statistical analyses were performed by applying GCRMA and SAM analysis (microarray data) and Student's t-test or Mann & Whitney's U-test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Herein we show that, remarkably, in a resistant male CLL cells the vast majority of genes were down-regulated compared with sensitive cells, whereas this was not the case in cells derived from females. This gene down-regulation was found to be associated with an overall gain of heterochromatin as evidenced by immunofluorescent labeling of heterochromatin protein 1α (HP-1), trimethylated histone 3 lysine 9 (3metH3K9), and 5-methylcytidine (5metC). Notably, 17 genes were found to be commonly deregulated in resistant male and female cell samples. Among these, <it>RELB </it>was identified as a discriminatory candidate gene repressed in the male and upregulated in the female resistant cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The molecular defects in the silencing of <it>RELB </it>involve an increase in H3K9- but not CpG-island methylation in the promoter regions. Increase in acetyl-H3 in resistant female but not male CLL samples as well as a decrease of total cellular level of RelB after an inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) by trichostatin A (TSA), further emphasize the role of epigenetic modifications which could discriminate two CLL subsets. Together, these results highlighted the epigenetic <it>RELB </it>silencing as a new marker of the progressive disease in males.</p

Structural preferences in phosphanylthiolato platinum(II) complexes

Invited for this month's cover picture are the groups of Prof. Alfonso Polo and Dr. Albert Poater at the Universitat de Girona, as well as their collaborators from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and the Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia. The cover picture shows phosphanylthiolate ligand coordination on a platinum(II) center to give only the bischelate cis -P,P isomer when the ligand/Pt ratio is 2, whereas a trinuclear unexpected complex is achieved with a ligand/Pt ratio of 1. Here, the synthesis and structural determination is combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to rationalize the reaction mechanistically and through conceptual DFT. The exciting point of this study is that it opens the door to test new experimental pathways to monitor the preferred cis or trans arrangement of bidentate ligands to platinum. (Legend: H-white, C-black, P-purple, S-yellow, Cl-green, Pt-blue.

Antifascismo: un espacio de encuentro entre el exilio y la política nacional. El caso de Vicente Lombardo Toledano en México (1936-1945)

This article puts forward an original interpretation of antifascism, understood as a transatlantic political culture, focusing upon the case of the union leader Vicente Lombardo Toledano. Between the Spanish Civil War and the Second World War, antifascism in Mexico acquired several meanings, centred on the reinvention of the Mexican Revolution’s legacy, while benefiting from the collaboration between European antifascist exiles and local left-wing circles. Making use of novel sources, this article vindicates the key role that Mexico was then able to enjoy internationally due to its ideological commitments.Este artículo propone una lectura original del antifascismo, entendido como una cultura política trasatlántica, a partir del caso del líder sindicalista Vicente Lombardo Toledano. Se discute la evolución del significado del antifascismo en México, centrado en la recreación del legado de la Revolución Mexicana, en el período comprendido entre la Guerra Civil española y la Segunda Guerra Mundial, enfatizando la colaboración entre el exilio antifascista europeo y los círculos izquierdistas locales. A partir de varios documentos inéditos, se reivindica el protagonismo que México ejerció entonces en virtud de su compromiso ideológico

Timing of host feeding drives rhythms in parasite replication

Circadian rhythms enable organisms to synchronise the processes underpinning survival and reproduction to anticipate daily changes in the external environment. Recent work shows that daily (circadian) rhythms also enable parasites to maximise fitness in the context of ecological interactions with their hosts. Because parasite rhythms matter for their fitness, understanding how they are regulated could lead to innovative ways to reduce the severity and spread of diseases. Here, we examine how host circadian rhythms influence rhythms in the asexual replication of malaria parasites. Asexual replication is responsible for the severity of malaria and fuels transmission of the disease, yet, how parasite rhythms are driven remains a mystery. We perturbed feeding rhythms of hosts by 12 hours (i.e. diurnal feeding in nocturnal mice) to desynchronise the hosts' peripheral oscillators from the central, light-entrained oscillator in the brain and their rhythmic outputs. We demonstrate that the rhythms of rodent malaria parasites in day-fed hosts become inverted relative to the rhythms of parasites in night-fed hosts. Our results reveal that the hosts' peripheral rhythms (associated with the timing of feeding and metabolism), but not rhythms driven by the central, light-entrained circadian oscillator in the brain, determine the timing (phase) of parasite rhythms. Further investigation reveals that parasite rhythms correlate closely with blood glucose rhythms. In addition, we show that parasite rhythms resynchronise to the altered host feeding rhythms when food availability is shifted, which is not mediated through rhythms in the host immune system. Our observations suggest that parasites actively control their developmental rhythms. Finally, counter to expectation, the severity of disease symptoms expressed by hosts was not affected by desynchronisation of their central and peripheral rhythms. Our study at the intersection of disease ecology and chronobiology opens up a new arena for studying host-parasite-vector coevolution and has broad implications for applied bioscience

Plasmodium-specific atypical memory B cells are short-lived activated B cells

A subset of atypical memory B cells accumulates in malaria and several infections, autoimmune disorders and aging in both humans and mice. It has been suggested these cells are exhausted long-lived memory B cells, and their accumulation may contribute to poor acquisition of long-lasting immunity to certain chronic infections, such as malaria and HIV. Here, we generated an immunoglobulin heavy chain knock-in mouse with a BCR that recognizes MSP1 of the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium chabaudi. In combination with a mosquito-initiated P. chabaudi infection, we show that Plasmodium-specific atypical memory B cells are short-lived and disappear upon natural resolution of chronic infection. These cells show features of activation, proliferation, DNA replication, and plasmablasts. Our data demonstrate that Plasmodium-specific atypical memory B cells are not a subset of long-lived memory B cells, but rather short-lived activated cells, and part of a physiologic ongoing B-cell response