Editorial

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How water limits influence conservation in Massachusetts towns

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-58).It's surprising to learn that the water-rich state of Massachusetts experiences incidences of water stress, where rivers go dry for stretches of the year and where municipalities struggle to meet water demand. Water conservation and demand management is one important part of reducing pressures on water supplies and alleviating ecosystem stress. Although the state has recently revisited water management policies and has promoted revised measures to increase conservation, the actual measures taken are implemented on the scale of the municipality. This thesis examines three affluent suburban municipalities located in stressed river basins in eastern Massachusetts that have taken different degrees of conservation and demand management efforts. The stories reveal that the decisions to curb water demand have been influenced by the degree to which towns have experienced a perceptible limit to their supply. These towns also show us how a crisis, or an event of water shortage, can bring focus to the limits of water, providing an opportunity for town managers to redefine the problem in such a way that conservation is the solution.(cont.) As towns continue to face increasing pressure on water supplies, some municipalities would like to turn to regional water. Although these regional systems can help offset some ecological pressures as well as promote economy of scales, it raises questions as to whether such a system would remove the perceptible limit that gives impetus for conservation.by Anna L. Brown.M.C.P

Sequential dual site-selective protein labelling enabled by lysine modification.

Methods that allow for chemical site-selective dual protein modification are scarce. Here, we provide proof-of-concept for the orthogonality and compatibility of a method for regioselective lysine modification with strategies for protein modification at cysteine and genetically encoded ketone-tagged amino acids. This sequential, orthogonal approach was applied to albumin and a therapeutic antibody to create functional dual site-selectively labelled proteins

Branching of the Falkner-Skan solutions for λ < 0

The Falkner-Skan equation f'" + ff" + λ(1 - f'^2) = 0, f(0) = f'(0) = 0, is discussed for λ < 0. Two types of problems, one with f'(∞) = 1 and another with f'(∞) = -1, are considered. For λ = 0- a close relation between these two types is found. For λ < -1 both types of problem allow multiple solutions which may be distinguished by an integer N denoting the number of zeros of f' - 1. The numerical results indicate that the solution branches with f'(∞) = 1 and those with f'(∞) = -1 tend towards a common limit curve as N increases indefinitely. Finally a periodic solution, existing for λ < -1, is presented.

KLF9 and JNK3 Interact to Suppress Axon Regeneration in the Adult CNS

Neurons in the adult mammalian CNS decrease in intrinsic axon growth capacity during development in concert with changes in Krüppel-like transcription factors (KLFs). KLFs regulate axon growth in CNS neurons including retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Here, we found that knock-down of KLF9, an axon growth suppressor that is normally upregulated 250-fold in RGC development, promotes long-distance optic nerve regeneration in adult rats of both sexes. We identified a novel binding partner, MAPK10/JNK3 kinase, and found that JNK3 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3) is critical for KLF9\u27s axon-growth-suppressive activity. Interfering with a JNK3-binding domain or mutating two newly discovered serine phosphorylation acceptor sites, Ser106 and Ser110, effectively abolished KLF9\u27s neurite growth suppression in vitro and promoted axon regeneration in vivo. These findings demonstrate a novel, physiologic role for the interaction of KLF9 and JNK3 in regenerative failure in the optic nerve and suggest new therapeutic strategies to promote axon regeneration in the adult CNS

Population genetic isolation and limited connectivity in the purple finch (Haemorhous purpureus)

Sherpa Romeo green journal. Open access article. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC BY 3.0) appliesUsing a combination of mitochondrial and z- linked sequences, microsatellite data, and spatio- geographic modeling, we examined historical and contemporary factors influencing the population genetic structure of the purple finch (Haemorhous purpureus). Mitochondrial DNA data show the presence of two distinct groups corresponding to the two subspecies, H. p. purpureus and H. p. californicus. The two subspecies likely survived in separate refugia during the last glacial maximum, one on the Pacific Coast and one east of the Rocky Mountains, and now remain distinct lineages with little evidence of gene flow between them. Southwestern British Columbia is a notable exception, as subspecies mixing between central British Columbia and Vancouver Island populations suggests a possible contact zone in this region. Z- linked data support two mitochondrial groups; however, Coastal Oregon and central British Columbia sites show evidence of mixing. Contemporary population structure based on microsatellite data identified at least six genetic clusters: three H. p. purpureus clusters, two H. p. californicus clusters, and one mixed cluster, which likely resulted from high site fidelity and isolation by distance, combined with sexual selection on morphological characters reinforcing subspecies differences.Ye

The Scottish Emergency Care Summary – an evaluation of a national shared record system aiming to improve patient care: technology report

Background In Scotland, out-of-hours calls are all triaged by the National Health Service emergency service (NHS24) but the clinicians receiving calls have no direct access to patient records.Objective To improve the safety of patient care in unscheduled consultations when the usual primary care record is not available.Technology The Emergency Care Summary (ECS) is a record system offering controlled access to medication and adverse reactions details for nearly every person registered with a general practice in Scotland. It holds a secure central copy of these parts of the GP practice record and is updated automatically twice daily. It is accessible under specified unplanned clinical circumstances by clinicians working in out-of-hours organisations, NHS24 and accident and emergency departments if they have consent from the patient and a current legitimate relationship for that patient’s care.Application We describe the design of the security model, management of data quality, deployment, costs and clinical benefits of the ECS over four years nationwide in Scotland, to inform the debate on the safe and effective sharing of health data in other nations.Evaluation Forms were emailed to 300 NHS24 clinicians and 81% of the 113 respondents said that the ECS was helpful or very helpful and felt that it changed their clinical management in 20% of cases.Conclusion The ECS is acceptable to patients and helpful for clinicians and is used routinely for unscheduled care when normal medical records are unavailable. Benefits include more efficient assessment and reduced drug interaction, adverse reaction and duplicate prescribing

A database of radiocarbon dates for palaeoenvironmental research in eastern Africa

Radiocarbon dating is one of the most widely available and applied techniques to develop Late Quaternary chronologies of many ecosystems and is, thus, utilized in Quaternary studies, archaeology, hydrology, geomorphology, palaeoanthropology, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology, palaeontology, and isotope analyses. A manual literature review search of published radiocarbon dates from eastern Africa was undertaken to store these data in the open-access format and included in the Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database. Dates ranged from 57,804 to 0 14C years Before Present. The format of the database permits expansion of the dataset in the future and permits local, regional and global scale analyses of radiocarbon dates. This paper expands on some of these potential research areas and promote archiving of African data

Do imitation problems reflect a core characteristic in autism? Evidence from a literature review

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A Platform for Site‐Specific DNA‐Antibody Bioconjugation by Using Benzoylacrylic‐Labelled Oligonucleotides

Many bioconjugation strategies for DNA oligonucleotides and antibodies suffer limitations, such as site-specificity, stoichiometry and hydrolytic instability of the conjugates, which makes them unsuitable for biological applications. Here, we report a new platform for the preparation of DNA-antibody bioconjugates with a simple benzoylacrylic acid pentafluorophenyl ester reagent. Benzoylacrylic-labelled oligonucleotides prepared with this reagent can be site-specifically conjugated to a range of proteins and antibodies through accessible cysteine residues. The homogeneity of the prepared DNA-antibody bioconjugates was confirmed by a new LC-MS protocol and the bioconjugate probes were used in fluorescence or super-resolution microscopy cell imaging experiments. This work demonstrates the versatility and robustness of our bioconjugation protocol that gives site-specific, well-defined and plasma-stable DNA-antibody bioconjugates for biological applications