A criança-ator no cinema : jogando na sétima arte

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Artes, 2017.Esta tese investiga a singularidade da atuação da criança-ator no cinema e tem como objetivo compreender as relações na preparação das crianças-atores, de modo a discutir os possíveis efeitos na formação artística e no desenvolvimento humano das crianças. Por relação entende-se a maneira de perceber o outro, suas atitudes ou comportamentos (Marie-José Chombart de Lauwe, 1991), de forma a respeitar esse outro (a criança) em sua completude. As relações estudadas foram: a criança-ator com o jogo cinematográfico, da crença na ilusão, por meio dos conceitos de Jean Chateau (1987); o roteiro com a criança-ator, por intermédio de uma noção que intitulo criança conselheira; a direção e a preparação de cenas na relação com a criança-ator; e o trabalho artístico infantil com a criança. A pesquisa, de caráter bibliográfico, apresenta como complemento fragmentos extraídos do documentário Jouer Ponette (2006), de Jeanne Crépeau, que, de forma prática, ilustram a discussão teórica. O estudo traz, ainda, a noção de jogo cinematográfico como a prática de a criança-ator atuar no cinema, quando se considera o set de filmagem como espaço de jogo, mediado por regras. Essa noção foi criada com base na separação conceitual de brincadeira e jogo (Nachmanovitch), nos princípios do jogo dramático (Peter Slade), no jogo teatral (Viola Spolin), no conceito de atuação simples e complexa (Michael Kirby) e nos tipos de direção com as crianças-atores (Jacqueline Nacache). Propõese, como resultado da discussão de cunho teórico-reflexivo, um estudo aprofundado dos processos de preparação da criança-ator, mostrando que qualquer relação se torna mais produtiva quando são respeitados os modos de ser e de estar da criança, evitando, assim, possíveis problemas em seu desenvolvimento. As polêmicas e os questionamentos que envolvem a presença da criança no cinema começam a ser respondidos no momento em que se discute a especificidade de sua atuação.This thesis investigates the singularity of the actor-child's acting in cinema and aims to comprehend the relations in coaching actors-children, discussing the possible effects in the artistic formation and human development of the children. Relation is meant as the way to perceive the other, his attitude or behavior (Marie-José Chombart de Lauwe, 1991), in order to respect this other (the child) in its completeness. The relations studied were: the actor-child with the cinematographic game, through the perspective of belief in illusion, by the concepts of Jean Chateau (1987); the script with the actorchild, through a conception named counselor child; the direction/coaching of scenes on the relation with the actor-child; and the relation of artistic work with the actor-child. The research, having a bibliographic approach, presenting as a complement fragments extracted from the documentary Jouer Ponette (2006), by Jeanne Crépeau, which illustrate the theoretical discussion in a practical way. The study also brings the conception of cinematographic game as the practice of the actor-child's acting in cinema, considering the movie set as a game space, mediated by rules. This notion was created based on the conceptual difference of amusement and game (Nachmanovitch); on the principles of Dramatic Play (Peter Slade); on the Theater Games (Viola Spolin); on the concepts of simple and complex acting (Michael Kirby); and on the kinds of direction with the actor-child (Jacqueline Nacache). It is proposed, as a result of the theoretical-reflexive discussion, an in-depth study of the processes of coaching the actor-child, defending that any relations will be more productive when the child’s ways of being (anyone) and being (in the present moment) are respected, thus avoiding possible problems in his/her development. The controversies and questioning evolving the presence of a child on cinema begin to be answered when th specificity of the acting is discussed.Cette thèse explore la singularité du jeu de l'enfant-acteur au cinéma et vise à comprendre les relations dans la préparation des enfants-acteurs, afin de discuter les effets possibles dans la formation artistique et dans le développement humain des enfants. Dans ce cas, la relation est comprise comme la manière de percevoir l’autre, leurs attitudes ou ses comportements (Marie-José Chombart de Lauwe, 1991), afin de respecter cet autre (l’enfant) dans son intégralité. Les relations étudiées étaient: l'enfant-acteur avec le jeu cinématographique à partie de la perspective de la croyance à l'illusion, via le concept de Jean Château (1987); le scénario avec l'enfant-acteur, à travers une notion appelée enfant-conseiller; la direction/préparation des scènes en relation avec l'enfant-acteur; et le travail artistique avec l'enfant. La recherche, de caractère bibliographique, présentant, en complément, des fragments extraits du documentaire Jouer Ponette (2006), de Jeanne Crépeau, qui, d'une manière pratique, illustrent la discussion théorique. L’étude apporte, également, la notion de jeu cinématographique comme la pratique de l'enfant-acteur jouer au cinéma, lorsque le set de filmage est considéré comme espace de jeu médiatisé par des règles. Cette notion a été créée sur la base de séparation conceptuelle d'amusement et jeu (Nachmanovitch); des principes du jeu dramatique; du jeu théâtral (Viola Spolin); du concept de jeu simple et complexe (Michael Kirby) et des types de direction avec les enfants-acteurs (Jacqueline Nacache). Il est proposé comme résultat de discussion théorique-réflexive, une étude approfondie des processus de préparation de l'enfantacteur, montrant que toute relation deviendra plus productive, lorsque ce sont respectés chez l'enfant sa manière d'être (quelqu'un) et sa manière d'être (au moment présent), évitant, ainsi, les problèmes possibles dans son développement. Les polémiques et les questionnements qui impliquent la présence de l'enfant au cinéma commencent à être répondus au moment où la spécificité de leur jeu est discutée

Propriedades hidráulicas dos solos e modelação para a optimização da rega considerando a dinâmica do azoto e dos sais

Doutoramento em Engenharia dos Biossistemas - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaModeling has become an essential tool for implementing better irrigation and fertilization practices. The HYDRUS software package is currently one of the few models capable of considering multicomponent geochemistry and evaluating multiple environmental problems in an integrated way. The model was used to simulate water movement and solute transport in two complex experiments carried out under field conditions, between 2004 and 2010. The field experiments were helpful to identify the main physical and chemical processes influencing soil water flow and multicomponent solute transport in soils irrigated with saline waters. They were further useful for evaluating different irrigation water quality and fertilization scenarios while considering soil salinization/sodification risks, root nutrient uptake, nutrient leaching, and crop yield. HYDRUS proved to be a powerful tool for establishing sound irrigation policies. However, the considerable demand on input data, namely, soil hydraulic properties, has been limiting its use (and other reactive transport models). Different pedotransfer functions (PTFs) were thus established to indirectly estimate soil hydraulic properties from the soil information available in the PROPSOLO database. A set of class-PTFs were developed to estimate water retention properties after grouping data by soil texture, soil horizon, and bulk density. A different procedure was also presented to estimate water retention properties from particle size distribution using the soil texture triangle and ordinary kriging. Finally, a set of PTFs were established for Cape Verde soils. All these PTFs may have multiple applications in irrigation management and watershed modelling. However, it is still necessary to further extend those PTFs to other regions of Portugal and Cape Verde, and to gain more knowledge on the hydraulic conductivity functions of those soils so that they can be used in reactive transport modelin

Desenvolvimento e otimização de sensores em fibra ótica produzidos por laser de femtosegundo

In this work, optical fibre sensors were developed and optimized using a pulsed femtosecond laser. In addition to the inherent advantages of using femtosecond pulses, by emitting radiation in the NIR band, it was possible to modify the refractive index inside dielectric materials, namely silica and polymer optical fibres. Prior to the manufacturing of optical structures, a theoretical study was carried out on the peculiarities of writing-systems based on femtosecond lasers, as well as on the most common devices inscribed in optical fibres, namely Bragg gratings, long period gratings, and Fabry-Pérot interferometers. After assembling femtosecond NIR laser system, Bragg gratings, long period gratings, Fabry-Pérot interferometers, and interferometers based on the optical Vernier effect were manufactured using the direct-writing and phase mask methods. Using the micromachining setup, different structures were created in already existing optical fibre sensors, namely channels in hollow Fabry-Pérot cavities and laser etching around Bragg gratings inscribed in polymers optical fibres. The spectral responses of all devices were extensively characterized to, mainly, variations of temperature and strain, revealing unique sensitivity values, especially for the interferometers based on the optical Vernier effect (> 1 nm/°C and 0.1 nm/µε for temperature and strain, respectively). To demystify the thermal stability of fibre Bragg gratings, a theoretical and experimental study was carried out where several Bragg gratings were inscribed by different techniques, involving different lasers as well as silica and polymer optical fibres. The experimental results corroborated the theoretical predictions, where it was concluded that the gratings inscribed by the point-to-point method using a femtosecond laser have a greater thermal stability and lifetime, even when subjected to longer and higher temperature regimes. Finally, a bridge was stablished between the fundamental research developed during the manufacture of the elementary optical fibre sensors, and possible applications. Five different sensor concepts were demonstrated and tested, capable of detecting variations in magnetic fields, fluids refractive index, temperature, strain and humidity. As results, astonishing sensitivity values were attained, and several cross-sensitivity problems were mitigated, thus establishing the foundations for the development of new prototypes for the future.Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos e otimizados sensores em fibra ótica através de um laser pulsado de femtosegundo. Para além das vantagens inerentes de usar pulsos da ordem do femtosegundo, ao emitir radiação na banda do infravermelho foi possível modificar o índice de refração no interior de materiais dielétricos, nomeadamente fibras óticas de sílica e polímero. Antes de proceder ao fabrico das estruturas óticas, foi realizado um estudo teórico sobre as peculiaridades dos sistemas de escrita baseados em lasers de femtosegundo, bem como sobre os principais dispositivos inscritos em fibra ótica, nomeadamente redes de Bragg, redes de período longo, e interferómetros de Fabry-Pérot. Após montado o sistema laser NIR de femtosegundo, através de inscrição direta e por máscara de fase foram fabricadas redes de Bragg, redes de período longo, interferómetros de Fabry-Pérot, e interferómetros baseados no efeito ótico de Vernier. Com a montagem de micromaquinação, diferentes estruturas foram criadas em sensores já existentes, nomeadamente buracos em cavidades Fabry-Pérot e remoção de material ao redor de redes de Bragg. As respostas espetrais de todos os dispositivos foram extensivamente caracterizadas, nomeadamente a variações de temperatura e tensão, revelando elevados valores de sensibilidades, especialmente para os interferómetros baseados no efeito ótico de Vernier (> 1 nm/°C e 0.1 nm/µε para temeprature e tensão, respetivamente). Para desmistificar a estabilidade térmica de redes de Bragg em fibra ótica, foi feito um estudo teórico e experimental onde várias redes de Bragg foram gravadas por diferentes técnicas, envolvendo diferentes lasers e fibras óticas de sílica e polímero. Os resultados experimentais corroboraram as previsões teóricas, onde se concluiu que as redes gravadas pelo método de ponto-a-ponto usando um laser de femtosegundo detêm uma maior estabilidade térmica e tempo de vida, mesmo quando submetidas a regimes longos de altas temperaturas. Por fim, foi feita a ponte entre a investigação fundamental desenvolvida durante o fabrico de dispositivos elementares em fibras óticas e possíveis aplicações. Foram demonstrados e testados cinco conceitos diferentes de sensores, capazes de detetar variações de campos magnéticos, índice de refração de fluídos, temperatura, tensão e humidade. Foram atingidos valores de sensibilidade surpreendentes, bem como mitigados problemas de sensibilidade cruzada, tendo sido assim estabelecidas as fundações para o desenvolvimento de novos protótipos para o futuro.Programa Doutoral em Engenharia Físic

Desafios da aplicação do balanced scorecard a uma microempresa

Dissertação de mest., Gestão Empresarial, Faculdade de Economia, Univ. do Algarve, 2012As micro, pequenas e médias empresas (PME) apresentam um acentuado predomínio em relação às grandes empresas no sector não financeiro português, tanto em termos de número de empresas, como de volume de negócios ou de número de postos de trabalho, sendo que a grande maioria das PME são microempresas. Por outro lado, constata-se que o balanced scorecard (BSC), presentemente um dos sistemas de avaliação de desempenho com maior aceitação mundial tanto no meio académico como no meio empresarial, se encontra parcamente estudado no que se refere à sua aplicação a pequenas e médias empresas, sendo praticamente inexistentes os trabalhos sobre a aplicação desse sistema a microempresas. Assim sendo, pretende-se com a presente dissertação contribuir para colmatar essa lacuna, estudando o caso da conceção e implementação do BSC numa microempresa portuguesa de prestação de serviços de engenharia que opera no setor da construção civil

Towards a novel optical access networks management solution: addressing general management complexity

Past technological advances and an increasing need to communicate have led to the creation of the current telecommunications networks. A critical part of a telecommunications network is the access network, since it must bridge the clients with the services provided, ensuring an efficient connection between them. In the last few years, both governments and organizations from several countries have adopted large fiber optics implementations in their access networks, given its broadband capabilities. However, the structure of such networks can become very complex, forcing organizations to use means that allow them to efficiently manage such complexity. Several software solutions available on the market are capable of providing management features for these networks, but the complexity of these solutions can negatively affect management, making it lengthy and error-prone. In this paper, we describe the initial development of a software solution, consisting of a set of integrated tools that will make optical access networks management more efficient by addressing the complexity limitations of the current solutions. One of the tools, presented in this paper, was tested with a local ISP (Internet Service Provider) and showed to be capable of overcoming the limitations faced by the organization on managing their optical access network.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Os processos de formação da criança-ator

Este artigo sugere que a formação do ator deva ser pensada desde a infância. Trata-se de um estudo para se aprofundar as questões que envolvem os processos de criação das cenas realizadas por crianças-atores em contextos universais. O objetivo é refletir sobre o que é singular na formação de uma criança e quais são os pontos de contato com a formação de um ator adulto. Utiliza-se como exemplo e estímulo visual o espetáculo Les Éphémères de Ariane Mnouchkine, do Théâtre du Soleil, e o curta-metragem O Menino e o Mendigo, filmado em Brasília-DF, linguagens completamente diferentes, mas que auxiliam a discussão sobre os processos que envolvem a formação artística das crianças no teatro profissional e no cinema.

Prognostic relevance of exercise testing in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A systematic review

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Background: Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is indicated as part of the assessment in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients and stress echocardiography is often used to assess symptoms. However, the role of exercise testing for prognostic stratification in HCM is still not established. Aims: To systematically review the evidence on the role of exercise testing for prognostic stratification in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Methods: A systematic review was conducted for eligible publications, between 2010 and 2020, that included evaluation of outcomes and prognosis. In these studies, patients underwent exercise echocardiography and/or cardiopulmonary exercise testing, performed according to predefined protocols. Diverse parameters were assessed in order to determine which were relevant for the prognosis. Analyzed outcomes included death from any cause, sudden cardiac death (SCD) and equivalents, cardiovascular death, heart failure requiring hospitalization or progression to New York Heart Association classes III or IV, cardiac transplantation, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, stroke, myocardial infarction and invasive septal reduction therapy. Results: Eighteen publications were included, corresponding to a total of 7525 patients. The mean follow-up period varied between 1 and 8 years. The main findings of these studies revealed that the major predictors of outcomes were abnormal heart rate recovery, abnormal blood pressure response exercise induced wall motion abnormalities, lower peak VO2, higher VE/VCO2, and pulmonary hypertension/exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension. Conclusion: Although most studies concluded that exercise test results are useful to determine prognosis in HCM, further investigation is needed regarding whether it adds independent value to the current risk stratification strategies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Fresh-state and mechanical properties of high-performance self-compacting concrete with recycled aggregates from the precast industry

The urgent need to change the less positive impacts of the construction industry on the environment, and more specifically the production and use of concrete, is the main motivation for the research for more efficient and environmentally sustainable solutions. This paper presented the results of an experimental campaign whose ultimate goal was to produce high-performance self-compacting concrete (SCC) using recycled aggregates (RA) from the precast industry. The results of the fresh-state and mechanical properties tests performed on six concrete mixes (using RA from the precast industry) were presented. The first concrete mix is a reference mix using natural aggregates only (100% NA), and the remaining five mixes had various contents of fine (FRA) and coarse (CRA) recycled aggregates in concrete's composition: (2) 25/25% (25% RA); (3) 50/50% (50% RA); (4) 100/100% (100% RA); (5) 0/100% (100% CRA); (6) 100/0% (100% FRA). The results showed that the high-performance concrete mixes with RA from the precast industry performed worse than the reference mix. However, taking into account all the mechanical properties studied, it can be concluded that RA from precast concrete elements are of very good quality and can be incorporated in the production of high-performance SCC. The potential demonstrated by the combined use of fine and coarse recycled aggregates was also emphasized. This type of work is expected to effectively contribute to raise awareness among the various players in the construction industry, particularly in the precast concrete industry, to the feasibility of using RA in significant quantities (notably coarse aggregates) and to the safety needed to assume structural functions, even for applications where high performance is required.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio