Qualitative Methodologies as a Vehicle for Understanding the Emotional Process in Soccer Players

A descriptive-exploratory investigation with pre-experimental design tried to answer the question how sports performance in competition is influenced by emotions? Two assessing instruments were built – Questionário Emoção e Desempenho Desportivo (QEDD, study 1) and Sistema de Observação do Desempenho Desportivo - (SODD -1, study 3). Interviews were used to identify the emotions’ triggers and which sports performance factors were influenced by those emotions (study 2). Study 4 intended to answer the research question, with two football players. For both players different kinds of emotions were generated by the same trigger and by different triggers. For player 1, positive and negative emotions always had a functional effect in sports performance; for player 2, positive emotions had only a functional effect on sports performance, negative emotions had both effects in sports performance (functional and dysfunctional), and some of the studied emotions had no influence in sports performance.  Uma investigação descritivo-exploratória com desenho pré-experimental procurou responder à questão como é que o desempenho desportivo, em competição, é influenciado por emoções? Foram construídos 2 instrumentos de avaliação - (QEDD, estudo 1) e Sistema de Observação do Desempenho Desportivo - (SODD -1, estudo 3). Realizaram-se entrevistas para identificar os desencadeadores de emoções e quais os fatores de desempenho desportivo que foram influenciados por essas emoções (estudo 2). O estudo 4 pretendia responder à questão de pesquisa, com dois jogadores de futebol. Para ambos os jogadores, diferentes tipos de emoções foram gerados pelo mesmo desencadeador e por desencadeadores diferentes. Para o jogador 1, as emoções positivas e negativas sempre tiveram um efeito funcional no desempenho desportivo; para o jogador 2, as emoções positivas tiveram apenas o efeito funcional no desempenho desportivo, as emoções negativas tiveram ambos efeitos no desempenho desportivo (funcional e disfuncional) e, algumas das emoções estudadas não influenciaram o desempenho desportivo. &nbsp

Scored patient-generated subjective global assessment, albumin and transferrin for nutritional assessment of gastrostomy fed head or neck cancer patients

Introduction: Gastrostomy fed head or neck cancer patients frequently have impaired speech capacities. Enteral feeding teams frequently depend on laboratorial or anthropometrical parameters for nutritional assessment. Aims: In these patients, this study aimed to evaluate: (1) the practicability of Scored - Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA); (2) their nutritional status using the Scored-PG-SGA; (3) association of serum albumin and transferrin values to the nutritional status rating using PG-SGA. Methods: On adult outpatients with head or neck cancer under prolonged (> 1 month) gastrostomy feeding, Scored-PG-SGA, albumin and transferrin were evaluated during the same appointment. Results: Scored-PG-SGA was easily feasible in 42 patients, even in patients with speech difficulties. Twenty-five patients were moderately/severely undernourished (PG-SGA/B+C). Scored-PG-SGA rated 41 patients as ≥ 2, thus needing nutritional/pharmacologic intervention. Albumin was low in 13 patients. Transferrin was low in 19 patients. Average albumin and transferrin in moderately/severely undernourished patients (PG-SGA/B+C) was significantly lower than in well-nourished (PG-SGA/A). There was association between Scored-PG-SGA rating, albumin and transferrin. Conclusions: In PEG fed head or neck cancer patients, PG-SGA was practicable and useful, even in patients with impaired speaking skills. Most patients displayed moderate/severe malnutrition (PG-SGA/B+C). Scored-PG-SGA rated 41 patients as needing for nutritional/pharmacological intervention. Scored-PG-SGA should be systematically included in the evaluation of these patients. In these patients, albumin and transferrin levels showed relation with Scored-PG-SGA and should be considered as nutritional biomarkers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Atividade física e saúde mental. Efeitos de um programa de exercício físico em sujeitos com diagnóstico clínico de perturbações do humor e psicóticas

Através da realização desta investigação objetivamos estudar a influência que o programa de exercício tem na saúde física e mental de sujeitos com diagnóstico de perturbações de humor e psicóticas, nomeadamente, em indicadores antropométricos, na função cardiorrespiratória, no grau de satisfação com a vida, na vitalidade, na autoestima global, no fator positivo dos estados de humor (vigor) e num dos fatores negativos dos estados de humor (depressão). Desta forma, equacionamos a seguinte hipótese: a atividade física melhora a saúde dos sujeitos, existindo diferenças significativas nas variáveis antropométricas, fisiológicas e psicológicas em estudo entre o início e o fim do programa, bem como, entre os sujeitos do grupo experimental e do grupo placebo.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Exposição profissional a citostáticos: caracterização da exposição em unidades hospitalares portuguesas

Os citotóxicos constituem um grupo farmacoterapêutico que interfere por vários mecanismos de ação com o DNA, levando à destruição celular. Estes agentes terapêuticos são preparados diariamente em Unidades Hospitalares Portuguesas, e utilizados no tratamento de várias doenças, nomeadamente neoplasias. Dependendo do mecanismo de ação, estes fármacos podem ser agrupados em vários subgrupos: agentes alquilantes, antibióticos, antimetabolitos, geradores de radicais livres e inibidores mitóticos (Despacho nº 21 844/2004). Os agentes alquilantes interagem diretamente com o DNA de células tumorais; os antibióticos interferem com a transcrição de DNA; os antimetabolitos bloqueiam a síntese de DNA e RNA; os geradores de radicais livres produzem radicais livres reactivos que se ligam ao DNA e, finalmente, os inibidores mitóticos actuam no mecanismo mitótico necessário à cariocinese. Os fármacos antineoplásicos são cada vez mais utilizados quer na terapêutica de doenças malignas quer com intuitos profiláticos (terapêutica adjuvante) e num espetro crescente de patologia benigna (doenças autoimunes, doenças inflamatórias crónicas do foro gastroenterológico ou reumatológico, entre outras). Têm em comum o facto de poderem lesar o genoma celular (efeito genotóxico). Idealmente, deveriam afetar apenas as células neoplásicas; os fármacos disponíveis, no entanto, embora afetem preferencialmente as células malignas, são relativamente inespecíficos, afetando simultaneamente o genoma das células normais e condicionando assim efeitos adversos para a saúde quer dos doentes tratados quer dos profissionais de saúde a eles expostos. Neste contexto importa aprofundar o saber em 3 vertentes essenciais: a caracterização das exposições, os critérios de avaliação das repercussões sobre o organismo e os processos de organização dos programas preventivos. O estudo que se apresenta visou, assim, desenvolver conhecimento nas 3 vertentes assinaladas, designadamente, a exposição, a monitorização biológica e a programação da prevenção. Julgámos relevante o seu desenvolvimento face a dois grandes aspectos, designadamente a atualidade do estudo científico e a inexistência de estudos sobre esta realidade em hospitais portugueses. O estudo que se propôs pretendeu contribuir para a caracterização da exposição a citotóxicos num contexto profissional específico (salas limpas da Farmácia Hospitalar e Hospitais de Dia), identificando os fatores que a condicionam e os eventuais efeitos para a saúde dos trabalhadores decorrentes dessa exposição

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men