19 research outputs found
A nationwide pilot study on breast cancer screening in Peru
"Introduction: A high prevalence of advanced breast cancer (BC) is a common scenario in
Latin America. In Peru, the frequency of BC at Stages III/IV is ≈50% despite implementation of a programme for breast cancer screening (BCS) along the country. We carried out
a study to assess the feasibility and develop an instrument to evaluate the knowledge,
barriers and perception about BCS in a nationwide pilot study in Peru among candidates
for BCS.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review of 2,558 reports indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline-Ovid and EMBASE, regarding to our study theme. In total,
111 were selected and a 51-items survey was developed (eight items about sociodemographic characteristics). Patients were recruited in public hospitals or private clinics, in
rural and urban areas of nine departments of Peru.
Results: We surveyed 488 women from: Lima (150), Cajamarca (93), Ica (59), Arequipa
(56), Loreto (48), Ancash (38), Junín (15), Puerto Maldonado (15) and Huancavelica (14);
27.9% of them were from rural areas. The mean of age was 53.3 years (standard deviation ± 9.1). Regarding education level, 29.8% had primary, 33.2% secondary and 37.0%
higher education. In total, 28.7% of women did not know the term ‘mammogram’ and
47.1% reported never receiving a BCS (36.9% from urban and 73.5% from rural population). In women that underwent BCS, only 67% knew it is for healthy women. In total,
54.1% of patients had low levels of knowledge about risk factors for BC (i.e. 87.5% of
women respond that injuries in the breast produce cancer). Cultural, economic and geographic barriers were significantly associated with having a mammogram where 56.9% of participants considered a cost ≤ 7 USD as appropriate. Mammogram was perceived as too painful for 54.9% of women. In addition, women
with a self-perception of low-risk for BC and a fatalistic perception of cancer were less likely to have a BCS.
Conclusion: We found that it is feasible to conduct a large-scale study in Peru. The results of this pilot study highlight an urgent need of
extensive education and awareness about BCS in Peru.
Direct observation and control of near-field radiative energy transfer in a natural hyperbolic material
Heat control is a key issue in nano-electronics, where new efficient energy
transfer mechanisms are highly sought after. In this respect, there is indirect
evidence that high-mobility hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)-encapsulated graphene
exhibits hyperbolic out-of-plane radiative energy transfer when driven
out-of-equilibrium. Here we directly observe radiative energy transfer due to
the hyperbolic phonon polaritons modes of the hBN encapsulant in intrinsic
graphene devices under large bias, using mid-infrared spectroscopy and
pyrometry. By using different hBN crystals of varied crystalline quality, we
engineer the energy transfer efficiency, a key asset for compact thermal
management of electronic circuits.Comment: 21 pages including Supplementary Material (Main text: 10 pages, 4
figures
Update on the correlation of the highest energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic matter
Data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory through 31 August 2007 showed
evidence for anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays above the
Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min energy threshold, \nobreak{eV}. The
anisotropy was measured by the fraction of arrival directions that are less
than from the position of an active galactic nucleus within 75 Mpc
(using the V\'eron-Cetty and V\'eron catalog). An updated
measurement of this fraction is reported here using the arrival directions of
cosmic rays recorded above the same energy threshold through 31 December 2009.
The number of arrival directions has increased from 27 to 69, allowing a more
precise measurement. The correlating fraction is , compared
with expected for isotropic cosmic rays. This is down from the early
estimate of . The enlarged set of arrival directions is
examined also in relation to other populations of nearby extragalactic objects:
galaxies in the 2 Microns All Sky Survey and active galactic nuclei detected in
hard X-rays by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope. A celestial region around the
position of the radiogalaxy Cen A has the largest excess of arrival directions
relative to isotropic expectations. The 2-point autocorrelation function is
shown for the enlarged set of arrival directions and compared to the isotropic
expectation.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics on 31 August 201
Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Carboplatin plus Docetaxel in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Combined Analysis of Two Cohorts
Recent studies demonstrate that addition of neoadjuvant (NA) carboplatin (Cb) to anthracycline/taxane chemotherapy improves pathological complete response (pCR) in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Effectiveness of anthracycline-free, platinum combinations in TNBC is not well known. Here we report efficacy of NA carboplatin + docetaxel (CbD) in TNBC
Infilling dynamics of estuaries in a macrotidal context: an integrated pluridisciplinary approach in the Baie de Somme.
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