27 research outputs found

    Glia Cell Morphology Analysis Using the Fiji GliaMorph Toolkit

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    Glial cells are the support cells of the nervous system. Glial cells typically have elaborate morphologies that facilitate close contacts with neighboring neurons, synapses, and the vasculature. In the retina, MĂŒller glia (MG) are the principal glial cell type that supports neuronal function by providing a myriad of supportive functions via intricate cell morphologies and precise contacts. Thus, complex glial morphology is critical for glial function, but remains challenging to resolve at a sub-cellular level or reproducibly quantify in complex tissues. To address this issue, we developed GliaMorph as a Fiji-based macro toolkit that allows 3D glial cell morphology analysis in the developing and mature retina. As GliaMorph is implemented in a modular fashion, here we present guides to (a) setup of GliaMorph, (b) data understanding in 3D, including z-axis intensity decay and signal-to-noise ratio, (c) pre-processing data to enhance image quality, (d) performing and examining image segmentation, and (e) 3D quantification of MG features, including apicobasal texture analysis. To allow easier application, GliaMorph tools are supported with graphical user interfaces where appropriate, and example data are publicly available to facilitate adoption. Further, GliaMorph can be modified to meet users’ morphological analysis needs for other glial or neuronal shapes. Finally, this article provides users with an in-depth understanding of data requirements and the workflow of GliaMorph. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Download and installation of GliaMorph components including example data Basic Protocol 2: Understanding data properties and quality 3D—essential for subsequent analysis and capturing data property issues early Basic Protocol 3: Pre-processing AiryScan microscopy data for analysis Alternate Protocol: Pre-processing confocal microscopy data for analysis Basic Protocol 4: Segmentation of glial cells Basic Protocol 5: 3D quantification of glial cell morpholog

    Guidelines and Recommendations on Yeast Cell Death Nomenclature

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    Elucidating the biology of yeast in its full complexity has major implications for science, medicine and industry. One of the most critical processes determining yeast life and physiology is cellular demise. However, the investigation of yeast cell death is a relatively young field, and a widely accepted set of concepts and terms is still missing. Here, we propose unified criteria for the definition of accidental, regulated, and programmed forms of cell death in yeast based on a series of morphological and biochemical criteria. Specifically, we provide consensus guidelines on the differential definition of terms including apoptosis, regulated necrosis, and autophagic cell death, as we refer to additional cell death routines that are relevant for the biology of (at least some species of) yeast. As this area of investigation advances rapidly, changes and extensions to this set of recommendations will be implemented in the years to come. Nonetheless, we strongly encourage the authors, reviewers and editors of scientific articles to adopt these collective standards in order to establish an accurate framework for yeast cell death research and, ultimately, to accelerate the progress of this vibrant field of research

    Guidelines and recommendations on yeast cell death nomenclature

    Get PDF
    Elucidating the biology of yeast in its full complexity has major implications for science, medicine and industry. One of the most critical processes determining yeast life and physiology is cel-lular demise. However, the investigation of yeast cell death is a relatively young field, and a widely accepted set of concepts and terms is still missing. Here, we propose unified criteria for the defi-nition of accidental, regulated, and programmed forms of cell death in yeast based on a series of morphological and biochemical criteria. Specifically, we provide consensus guidelines on the differ-ential definition of terms including apoptosis, regulated necrosis, and autophagic cell death, as we refer to additional cell death rou-tines that are relevant for the biology of (at least some species of) yeast. As this area of investigation advances rapidly, changes and extensions to this set of recommendations will be implemented in the years to come. Nonetheless, we strongly encourage the au-thors, reviewers and editors of scientific articles to adopt these collective standards in order to establish an accurate framework for yeast cell death research and, ultimately, to accelerate the pro-gress of this vibrant field of research

    Vom Subjekt zur Kategorie. VerÀnderte Denkfiguren

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    In diesem Artikel setzt sich die Autorin mit VerĂ€nderungen und Ausdifferenzierungen der Kategorie ‚Geschlecht‘ innerhalb der sozialwissenschaftlichen bzw. erziehungswissenschaftlichen Geschlechterforschung auseinander. Ihr Ansatzpunkt sind Konfliktlinien, die mit einem Paradigmenwechsel – weg von subjektorientierten Konzeptionen hin zu (de)konstruktivistischen Positionen – einhergehen. FĂŒr die erziehungswissenschaftliche Geschlechterforschung gilt nicht nur, dass sie sich vor allem mit AkteurInnen in ihrem Alltag auseinandersetzt, sondern auch, dass sie stark handlungs- und praxisbezogen ausgerichtet war und ist. DarĂŒber hinaus ist sie oft intentional mit einem Ziel verĂ€ndernder oder emanzipatorischer Praxis verknĂŒpft. Eine solche Ausrichtung lĂ€sst sich viel leichter an Paradigmen anschließen, die an Mustern von Ursache und Wirkung, Benachteiligung und Emanzipation, Gleichheit und Differenz, Wirklichkeit und Ideologie ausgerichtet sind als an solchen, die sich mit „schlichter Rekonstruktionsarbeit“ zu begnĂŒgen scheinen. (DIPF/Orig.

    Heilsbringer oder Erlösungssucher? Befunde und Thesen zur Problematik von MĂ€nnern in frĂŒhpĂ€dagogischen Institutionen

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    Die Autorinnen schließen in ihrem Beitrag Befunde und Thesen zur Problematik von MĂ€nnern in frĂŒhpĂ€dagogischen Institutionen an die Diskurse um die Steigerung des Anteils mĂ€nnlicher Erzieher an, mit denen hĂ€ufig die Vermutung einer QualitĂ€tssteigerung verbunden ist. Sie fragen anhand von Interviews nach „Auffassungen und Ausgestaltungen der mĂ€nnlichen Geschlechtszugehörigkeit durch Erzieher in ihrer frĂŒhpĂ€dagogischen Arbeit“. Dabei schildern die Autorinnen große Akzeptanz im Feld und positive Zuschreibungen seitens der Institutionen. Die Erzieher explizieren dabei ihre Funktion als mĂ€nnliche Vorbilder in Form von Varianten wie ‚neue‘ MĂ€nner und ‚bessere‘ VĂ€ter, nicht zuletzt in Abgrenzung gegenĂŒber den tatsĂ€chlichen VĂ€tern der Kindergartenkinder. AugenfĂ€llig seien, so die Autorinnen, dass negative eigene Kindheitserfahrungen durch eine Romantisierung und stark emotionalisierende Aufladung der Beziehung zu den Kindern kompensiert werden und dies die notwendige generationale Differenz verwischt. Insgesamt stehen diese vergeschlechtlichten Positionierungen der Erzieher einer vertieften biographischen Selbstreflexion als Kernelement von institutionell zu fordernder Professionalisierung eher im Wege. (DIIPF/Orig.

    Verunsicherung und Ermöglichung. Carol Hagemann-White als Forscherin

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    MĂŒller U. Verunsicherung und Ermöglichung. Carol Hagemann-White als Forscherin. In: Breitenbach E, BĂŒrmann I, Liebsch K, eds. Geschlechterforschung als Kritik. Wissenschaftliche Reihe. Vol 143. Bielefeld: Kleine; 2002: 17-28
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