Compatibility of Biological Control With Host Plant Resistance and Insecticidal Control in Soybeans.

Studies were conducted to investigate the influence of both plant resistance and insecticidal controls used in soybean on several natural enemies of pest insects. There were two major objectives to this research: (1) to examine the effects of an insect herbivore-resistant soybean genotype on relationships between four levels of a trophic system; (2) to determine the influence of the primary insecticides applied to control Louisiana soybean insect pests on survival of a major biological control agent of stink bugs. In the first study, pre-imaginal development of the predatory pentatomid, Podisus maculiventris (Say), was affected by soybean antibiosis in a manner similar to that of its lepidopteran prey, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker). Pre-imaginal development time and mortality were increased, and cumulative weight gain reduced on resistant foliage. Reproductive capacity of P. maculiventris reared on P. includens larvae fed resistant soybean generally was unaffected, although progeny production was delayed and extended slightly. Pre-imaginal development and adult emergence of the egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi Ashmead from eggs of P. maculiventris reared on P. includens larvae fed resistant soybean were unaffected. However, overall reproductive capabilities of this parasitoid were reduced. In the second study, adult egg parasitoids, Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston), were minimally affected by permethrin field applications, while methyl parathion had an adverse but short-lived effect on parasitoid survival. High levels of adult mortality were observed only within the first 12 hours following spray application. Neither insecticide affected emergence of parasitoids from their host eggs, suggesting that stink bugs eggs provided a barrier to insecticide penetration. However, parasitoids apparently contacted insecticide residues when chewing through host egg shells to emerge, resulting in some post-emergence mortality caused by methyl parathion. Three factors affected the degree of this mortality: (1) parasitoid developmental stage at time of insecticide application, (2) position of parasitized egg masses in the soybean canopy, and (3) parasitoid gender. Results from these studies suggest the potential for incompatibility of some biological control agents with insect-resistant soybeans, but also demonstrate the compatibility between an important natural enemy and current insecticidal controls applied to Louisiana soybeans

The Physiological Effects of Increased Water Ingestion with Special Reference to the Circulatory System

Thesis (Dr.) - Glasgow Univ. (United Kingdom). Physiology Dept.table

Some Origins of Development Economics

SUMMARY Harbingers of development economics in the period 1935–45 are discussed: the international food movement initiated by the Australians in 1935 with a view to engineering recovery in agricultural export markets, and the living?standards campaign into which it evolved and which attempted to base mass consumption policies on scientifically established basic human needs; the advocacy in the early 1940s of world development programmes as a means of obtaining relief from secular stagnation or of counteracting cyclical fluctuations, which was to succeed despite the immediate disappearance of its economic basis; the diplomatic category of ‘have?not’ nation, established during the colonial agitation of 1935–39 by Germany, Italy and Japan; and the exemplar of European governments that mobilised economic resources for great national ends before and during the second World War. RÉSUMÉ Quelques origines de la science économique du développement Présentation des éléments présageant la science économique du développement au cours de la période 1935–45: le mouvement alimentaire international, né en 1935 à l'instigation des Australiens, qui désiraient récupérer des débouchés agricoles, et la campagne du niveau de vie en laquelle il s'est développé et qui tente de justifier les politiques de consommation de masse par des besoins humains fondamentaux scientifiquement établis; le plaidoyer, au début des années quarante, en faveur de programmes de développement mondiaux permettant de mettre fin à la stagnation séculaire ou de pallier les fluctuations conjoncturelles, plaidoyer qui eut gain de cause malgré la disparition de son fondement économique; la catégorie diplomatique de nation ‘non?possédante’, établie pendant l'agitation coloniale de 1935–39 par l'Allemagne, l'Italie et le Japon; et l'exemple des gouvernements européens qui mobilisèrent les ressources économiques dans un dessein national majeur avant et pendant la deuxième guerre mondiale. RESUMEN Algunos orígenes de la economía de desarrollo Se analizan las predicciones sobre la economía de desarrollo correspondientes al periodo 1935–1945: el movimiento internacional de los alimentos iniciado por los australianos en 1935, cuyo objetivo fue llevar a cabo la recuperación de los mercados de exportación agrícola, así como la campaña respectoal nivel de vida en la que evolucionó y que intentó basar las políticas de consumo de masas en las necesidades humanas básicas científicamente establecidas; la defensa a principio del decenio de 1940 de los programas mundiales de desarrollo como medio de aliviar los estancamientos económicos o de contrarrestar las fluctuaciones cíolicas, las cuales siguieron adelante a pesar de la inmediata desaparición de sus bases económicas; la categoría diplomática de nación ‘desposeída’, que se estableció durante la agitación colonial de 1935–1939 en Alemania, Italia y Japón; y el ejemplo de los gobiernos europeos que movilizaron recursos económicos para grandes objetivos nacionales antes y durante el periodo de la segunda guerra mundial

Mode 2 waves on the continental shelf : ephemeral components of the nonlinear internal wavefield

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 115 (2010): C07001, doi:10.1029/2009JC005605.Shoreward propagating, mode 2 nonlinear waves appear sporadically in mooring records obtained off the coast of New Jersey in the summer of 2006. Individual mode 2 packets were tracked between two moorings separated by 1 km; however, packets could not be tracked between moorings separated by greater distances from one another (∼10 km). The inability to track individual packets large distances through the mooring array combined with detailed observations from a ship suggest that these waves are short lived. The evolution of the ship-tracked wave group was recorded using acoustic backscatter, acoustic Doppler current profilers, and turbulence profiling. The leading mode 2 wave quickly changed form and developed a tail of short, small-amplitude mode 1 waves. The wavelength of the mode 1 oscillations agreed with that expected for a copropagating tail on the basis of linear theory. Turbulent dissipation in the mixed layer and radiation of the short mode 1 waves contributed to rapid energy loss in the leading mode 2 wave, consistent with the observed decay rate and short life span of only a few hours. The energy in the leading mode 2 wave was 10–100 times smaller than the energy of mode 1 nonlinear internal waves observed during the experiment; however, the magnitudes of wave-localized turbulent dissipation were similar.This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research

The Human–Nature Relationship and Its Impact on Health: A Critical Review

Within the past four decades, research has been increasingly drawn toward understanding whether there is a link between the changing human–nature relationship and its impact on people’s health. However, to examine whether there is a link requires research of its breadth and underlying mechanisms from an interdisciplinary approach. This article begins by reviewing the debates concerning the human–nature relationship, which are then critiqued and redefined from an interdisciplinary perspective. The concept and chronological history of “health” is then explored, based on the World Health Organization’s definition. Combining these concepts, the human–nature relationship and its impact on human’s health are then explored through a developing conceptual model. It is argued that using an interdisciplinary perspective can facilitate a deeper understanding of the complexities involved for attaining optimal health at the human–environmental interface

Male breast cancer

Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease representing less than 1% of all breast cancers (BC) and less than 1% of cancers in men. Age at presentation is mostly in the late 60s. MBC is recognized as an estrogen-driven disease, specifically related to hyperestrogenism. About 20% of MBC patients have family history for BC. Mutations in BRCA1 and, predominantly, BRCA2, account for approximately 10% of MBC cases. Because of its rarity, MBC is often compared with female BC (FBC). Based on age-frequency distribution, age-specific incidence rate patterns and prognostic factors profiles, MBC is considered similar to late-onset, postmenopausal estrogen/progesterone receptor positive (ER+/PR+) FBC. However, clinical and pathological characteristics of MBC do not exactly overlap FBC. Compared with FBC, MBC has been reported to occur later in life, present at a higher stage, and display lower histologic grade, with a higher proportion of ER+ and PR+ tumors. Although rare, MBC remains a substantial cause for morbidity and mortality in men, probably because of its occurrence in advanced age and delayed diagnosis. Diagnosis and treatment of MBC generally is similar to that of FBC. Men tend to be treated with mastectomy rather than breast-conserving surgery. The backbone of adjuvant therapy or palliative treatment for advanced disease is endocrine, mostly tamoxifen. Use of FBC-based therapy led to the observation that treatment outcomes for MBC are worse and that survival rates for MBC do not improve like FBC. These different outcomes may suggest a non-appropriate utilization of treatments and that different underlying pathogenetic mechanisms may exist between male and female BC

2014 Military Family Lifestyle Survey: Comprehensive Report

This report summarizes the results and analysis of the fifth annual Blue Star Families Military Family Lifestyle Survey. It covers military lifestyle, civilian intersections, transitioning and veteran employment, financial readiness, and military family members\u27 about and benefits