Labour and employment creation with African resource development

Natural resources are an assured source of government revenue, but this does not always translate into more jobs, better productivity or an increased demand for that country. Traditionally, the role of government in a resource-rich country has always been to act in the best interests of its citizens. In the case of natural resource-rich nations, this role also includes ensuring that jobs in the extractive sector are safe – both in the physical and financial sense. In such competitive environments, the private sector also has a fiduciary responsibility to ensure that all employees are fairly treated. However, it is evident that almost all African nations that are rich in resources are affected by lack of human development. This article examines the current state of affairs in the resource-rich African nations and their impact on human development. It focuses on how these resource-dependent economies are experiencing economic growth and why this growth does not directly translate into higher and better employment for the local populations. The article examines growth and human development from the perspectives of both the private- and public-sector actors. It recommends that private actors should have a complementary approach, through foreign direct investors or other modes, to the long-term policies and plans set out by the state. This approach would allow for successful intersectoral linkages and community development through higher job creation. It argues that the state is responsible for managing these natural resources and highlights the role of governance in this management. Governance issues, challenges, such as developmental gains, job creation, transparency and accountability are all addressed in the article. Finally, the article strongly recommends developing both human and institutional capital and regulating production.Keywords: Resource development, resource curse, Africa, governance,management

Ceramics from the Whelan Site : a temporal and functional analysis of a Late Caddoan mound site assemblage

The vessel ceramics from the Whelan site, a Late Caddoan mound center in northeast Texas, are analyzed to determine the site's temporal placement and the functional implications of an assemblage from a ceremonial site. The first goal is handled through a typological study; the second is accomplished by a functional analysis of vessel batches, from which specific vessel shapes, size classes and inferred activities are determined. Intrasite activity differences are suggested by the distribution of these vessel batches. Intersite comparisons with other Late Caddoan mound sites reveal ceramics functionally similar to Whelan and suggest that cooking and storage were important activities at these sites.Anthropolog

Independent Study: Review of \u3cem\u3eSecurity, Risk, and the Biometric State: Governing Borders and Bodies\u3c/em\u3e

In the post-9/11 world defined by a newfound focus on biometric technologies and heightened efforts of security, Benjamin J. Muller explores the development of a “biometric state” and “virtual borders.” He analyzes their effect on citizenship and immigration with a focus on the effect on citizenship and the resultant criminalization of peaceful citizens, as well as argues that the use of biometrics causes the negligence of false positives and the proliferation of virtual borders into everyday life. Through examinations of airport biometric use, the NEXUS trusted traveler program, and TSA, as well as case studies of countries that have attempted to integrate biometric technologies into their the book investigates the rationale of “governing through risk.

CD169+ subcapsular sinus macrophages are necessary for adjuvant activity of TLR ligands and antigen deposition onto follicular dendritic cells

Vaccines are credited with saving millions of lives, yet there still remain infectious diseases with no effective vaccine. Subunit vaccines contain specific components from pathogens, which, cannot stimulate the immune system alone, necessitating the inclusion of an immunostimualtory adjuvant. Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, due to their immunostimualliting ability are being explored as potential adjuvants. To further advance vaccine development, thorough investigations need to be performed to characterize cellular interactions within the immune system after stimulation and how adjuvants affect this process including antigen distribution within the draining lymph node. Our studies have focused on a TLR2/TLR1-ligand based adjuvant, PorB, the major outer membrane protein from Neisseria meningitidis. We hypothesized that TLR adjuvants would increase antigen deposition onto follicular dendritic cells (FDC) which would enhance high affinity antibody production and that depletion or knockouts of subcapsular sinus CD169+ macrophages would negatively affect antibody production. We demonstrated that PorB increased FDC frequency and antigen deposition on these FDCs. Further studies examined the role of CD169+ macrophages in PorB adjuvanticity using low-dose clodronate treated mice (which preferentially removes CD169+ macrophages), or CD169 knockout mice. Compared to wildtype controls, low-dose clodronate mice and CD169 knockout mice had greatly decreased antibody response with the use or PorB as an adjuvant along with decreased antigen deposition on FDCs. Together, these data emphasize the effect of adjuvant stimulation on cellular interactions antigen distribution in lymph nodes along with the unique ability of PorB to affect this process

A Language Arts Program for Pasco Senior High School Arrived at Through Group Participation

This study through group consideration, attempted to devise an actual course of study for the language arts at Pasco Senior High School, Pasco, Washington, that would (1) insure basic achievements in each of the language arts for each student; (2) eliminate duplication in teaching previously learned material; (3) give the student opportunity to do makeup and/or catch-up work if necessary without the competition presented by more advanced students; (4) keep alive and foster (by advancement) students’ interest in English; (5) give opportunity for the student to cover as much of the language arts as his ability and ambition permit; and (6) make the program practical for both the college-bound student and the terminal student