Molecular and Genetic Analysis of the effects of SUMOylation on the regulation of floral transition in Arabidopsis

SUMOylation, the post-translational attachment of SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier) to a substrate protein, regulates the activity of several proteins involved in critical cellular processes like cell division and transcriptional regulation. SUMO is subsequently removed from substrates by SUMO-specific proteases, making this modification reversible. In plants, SUMOylation has been implicated in several physiological responses and flowering time control. ESD4 (Early in Short Days 4) encodes a SUMO-specific protease that prevents the accumulation of SUMO-conjugates in Arabidopsis. The esd4-1 mutant shows a very early flowering phenotype as well as several shoot developmental distortions suggesting an important role of SUMOylation in the regulation of plant development. To investigate the role of SUMOylation in flowering time control a suppressor screen of esd4 was performed. 120 independent suppressors of esd4 (sed) were isolated and 15 of them further characterized. The SUMO-conjugate levels of these seds are more similar to those of esd4-1 than to the wild type. Rough map positions for five of these sed mutants were established using classical genetic methods, and combined with Next Generation Sequencing sed111-1 was finemapped to a region of chromosome I that contains only six candidate genes. In a different study, SUMOylation of SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) was assessed and SUMO attachment lysines were determined using E. coli strains that recapitulate the SUMO conjugation pathway. SVP interacts with FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) to form a strong floral repressor complex. To study the role of SUMOylation in SVP function, an svp-null mutant (svp-41) was transformed with constructs aiming to hyperSUMOylate (translational fusions with SUMO or AtSCE) or hypoSUMOylate (mutations in the putative SUMO-attachment sites) the SVP protein in transgenic plants. Mutant phenotypes caused by these constructs are discussed

Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Digital Language Archives: LangArc 2023

Article describe the approach which the authors are taking to access control and a design for a distributed access control system which can look after the A-is-for-accessible in FAIR data while respecting the CARE principles. It was presented at the 2nd International Workshop on Digital Language Archives held on June 30, 2023 as part of the ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2023

Consultoría integral en una empresa constructora de obra electromecánica y obra civil en el municipio de Zapopan

ITESO, A.C

Cigarette smoking and gastric cancer in the stomach cancer pooling (StoP) project

Tobacco smoking is a known cause of gastric cancer, but several aspects of the association remain imprecisely quantified. We examined the relation between cigarette smoking and the risk of gastric cancer using a uniquely large dataset of 23 epidemiological studies within the ‘Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project’, including 10 290 cases and 26 145 controls. We estimated summary odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by pooling study-specific ORs using random-effects models. Compared with never smokers, the ORs were 1.20 (95% CI: 1.09–1.32) for ever, 1.12 (95% CI: 0.99–1.27) for former, and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.11–1.40) for current cigarette smokers. Among current smokers, the risk increased with number of cigarettes per day to reach an OR of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.10–1.58) for smokers of more than 20 cigarettes per day. The risk increased with duration of smoking, to reach an OR of 1.33 (95% CI: 1.14–1.54) for more than 40 years of smoking and decreased with increasing time since stopping cigarette smoking (P for trend<0.01) and became similar to that of never smokers 10 years after stopping. Risks were somewhat higher for cardia than noncardia gastric cancer. Risks were similar when considering only studies with information on Helicobacter pylori infection and comparing all cases to H. pylori+ controls only. This study provides the most precise estimate of the detrimental effect of cigarette smoking on the risk of gastric cancer on the basis of individual data, including the relationship with dose and duration, and the decrease in risk following stopping smoking

Arabidopsis thaliana SPF1 and SPF2 are nuclear-located ULP2-like SUMO proteases that act downstream of SIZ1 in plant development

Post-translational modifiers such as the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) peptide act as fast and reversible protein regulators. Functional characterization of the sumoylation machinery has determined the key regulatory role that SUMO plays in plant development. Unlike components of the SUMO conjugation pathway, SUMO proteases (ULPs) are encoded by a relatively large gene family and are potential sources of specificity within the pathway. This study reports a thorough comparative genomics and phylogenetic characterization of plant ULPs, revealing the presence of one ULP1-like and three ULP2-like SUMO protease subgroups within plant genomes. As representatives of an under-studied subgroup, Arabidopsis SPF1 and SPF2 were subjected to functional characterization. Loss-of-function mutants implicated both proteins with vegetative growth, flowering time, and seed size and yield. Mutants constitutively accumulated SUMO conjugates, and yeast complementation assays associated these proteins with the function of ScUlp2 but not ScUlp1. Fluorescence imaging placed both proteins in the plant cell nucleoplasm. Transcriptomics analysis indicated strong regulatory involvement in secondary metabolism, cell wall remodelling, and nitrate assimilation. Furthermore, developmental defects of the spf1-1 spf2-2 (spf1/2) double-mutant opposed those of the major E3 ligase siz1 mutant and, most significantly, developmental and transcriptomic characterization of the siz1 spf1/2 triple-mutant placed SIZ1 as epistatic to SPF1 and SPF2.We thank Mark Hochstrasser (Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA) for kindly providing the ulp1-ts yeast mutant strain. This research was funded by FEDER (through COMPETE), and by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT), within the scope of project SUMOdulator (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-028459 and PTDC/BIA-PLA/3850/2012). PHC was supported by FCT (SFRH/BD/44484/2008). HA and FF were supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000007 and Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000008, respectively). The work was supported by FEDER through the COMPETE 2020-Operacional Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Portugal 2020, and by Portuguese funds through FCT, within the framework of projects 'Rede de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva' (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006821) and 'Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences' (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274). This research was also supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia (AGL2016-75819-C2-1-R) and FEDER (PCQ, AGC, ERB)