Four-Neutrino Oscillations

It is shown that at least four massive neutrinos are needed in order to accommodate the evidences in favor of neutrino oscillations found in solar and atmospheric neutrino experiments and in the LSND experiment. Among all four-neutrino schemes, only two, with a mass spectrum composed of two pairs of neutrinos with close masses separated by the "LSND gap" of the order of 1 eV, are compatible with the results of all neutrino oscillation experiments. In these two schemes the probability of nu_e transitions into other states, the probability of nu_mu->nu_e transitions and the size of CP violation effects in nu_mu->nu_e transitions are suppressed in long-baseline experiments.Comment: 10 pages. Talk presented at the ICFA/ECFA Workshop "Neutrino Factories based on Muon Storage Rings", nu-Fact'99, Lyon, France, 5-9 July 199

Improving accuracy of gene prediction programs of the genemark family by means of genome segmentation

Issued as final reportNational Institutes of Health (U.S.

Analysis of the Superkamiokande atmospheric neutrino data in the framework of four neutrino mixings

Superkamiokande atmospheric neutrino data for 990 days are analyzed in the framework of four neutrinos without imposing constraints of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. It is shown that the wide range of the oscillation parameters is allowed at 90% confidence level (0.1\lsim |U_{s1}|^2+|U_{s2}|^2\le 1).Comment: 5 pages, 3 sets of figures, uses style files of fleqn,espcrc2,epsf. Talk presented at ``nufact00'', Monterey, CA, USA, May 22-26, 200

GeneMark: web software for gene finding in prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses

The task of gene identification frequently confronting researchers working with both novel and well studied genomes can be conveniently and reliably solved with the help of the GeneMark web software (). The website provides interfaces to the GeneMark family of programs designed and tuned for gene prediction in prokaryotic, eukaryotic and viral genomic sequences. Currently, the server allows the analysis of nearly 200 prokaryotic and >10 eukaryotic genomes using species-specific versions of the software and pre-computed gene models. In addition, genes in prokaryotic sequences from novel genomes can be identified using models derived on the spot upon sequence submission, either by a relatively simple heuristic approach or by the full-fledged self-training program GeneMarkS. A database of reannotations of >1000 viral genomes by the GeneMarkS program is also available from the web site. The GeneMark website is frequently updated to provide the latest versions of the software and gene models

Four-Neutrino Scenarios

The main features of four-neutrino 3+1 and 2+2 mixing schemes are reviewed, after a discussion on the necessity of at least four massive neutrinos if the solar, atmospheric and LSND anomalies are due to neutrino oscillations. Complete list of references on four-neutrino mixing at http://www.to.infn.it/~giunti/neutrinoComment: 7 pages. Talk presented at NOW 2000, Conca Specchiulla (Otranto, Italy), 9-16 Sep. 200

Artefacts of Violence of the Bronze and Copper Ages in the South of Western Siberia

In the archeological sources the facts of violent actions are expressed at several levels They can include peculiarities of burial traditions traumatic effects on paleoanthropological materials objects symbolizing weapons and images of military conflicts By now there has been quite a variety of such facts revealed on the southern territory of the Western Siberia Fig 1 for the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages 1000 BC which require detailed consideration They encompass violence and peculiarities of burial customs traumatic effects on paleoanthropological materials cutting of heads scalping injuries images of cut heads objects symbolizing weapons pictures of military conflict

Protein secondary structure prediction for a single-sequence using hidden semi-Markov models

BACKGROUND: The accuracy of protein secondary structure prediction has been improving steadily towards the 88% estimated theoretical limit. There are two types of prediction algorithms: Single-sequence prediction algorithms imply that information about other (homologous) proteins is not available, while algorithms of the second type imply that information about homologous proteins is available, and use it intensively. The single-sequence algorithms could make an important contribution to studies of proteins with no detected homologs, however the accuracy of protein secondary structure prediction from a single-sequence is not as high as when the additional evolutionary information is present. RESULTS: In this paper, we further refine and extend the hidden semi-Markov model (HSMM) initially considered in the BSPSS algorithm. We introduce an improved residue dependency model by considering the patterns of statistically significant amino acid correlation at structural segment borders. We also derive models that specialize on different sections of the dependency structure and incorporate them into HSMM. In addition, we implement an iterative training method to refine estimates of HSMM parameters. The three-state-per-residue accuracy and other accuracy measures of the new method, IPSSP, are shown to be comparable or better than ones for BSPSS as well as for PSIPRED, tested under the single-sequence condition. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that new dependency models and training methods bring further improvements to single-sequence protein secondary structure prediction. The results are obtained under cross-validation conditions using a dataset with no pair of sequences having significant sequence similarity. As new sequences are added to the database it is possible to augment the dependency structure and obtain even higher accuracy. Current and future advances should contribute to the improvement of function prediction for orphan proteins inscrutable to current similarity search methods

The Search for Neutrino Oscillations numubar->nuebar with KARMEN

The neutrino experiment KARMEN is situated at the beam stop neutrino source ISIS. It provides numu's, nue's and numubar's in equal intensities from the pi+ mu+ decay at rest (DAR). The oscillation channel numub->nueb is investigated in the appearance mode with a 56t liquid scintillation calorimeter at a mean distance of 17.7m from the nu source looking for p(nue,e+)n reactions. The cosmic induced background for this oscillation search could be reduced by a factor of 40 due to an additional veto counter installed in 1996. In the data collected through 1997 and 1998 no potential oscillation event was observed. Using a unified approach to small signals this leads to an upper limit for the mixing angle of sin**2(2t) < 1.3x10^{-3} (90%CL) at large Dm**2. The excluded area in (sin**2(2t),Dm**2) covers almost entirely the favored region defined by the LSND numub->nueb evidence.Comment: Proceedings Contribution to Neutrino98 in Takayama, Japan, June 4-9, 1998; 13 pages, including 4 figure