Risk and Abnormal Returns in Markets for Congestion Revenue Rights

In organized energy markets that use locational pricing, power generators and energy suppliers procure financial transmission rights (FTRs) to hedge against grid con- gestion charges, while third-party speculators attempt to capture a return with these extremely volatile contracts. This paper develops a novel methodology for estimating the systematic risk of individual FTRs and detecting the presence of abnormal returns among these financial instruments. The prevalence of congestion paths with abnormal returns could be used by policy experts as an efficiency measure when assessing the performance of FTR markets. Being the only organized energy market in the Western Interconnection, California has implemented a version of FTRs officially known as congestion revenue rights (CRRs). This paper applies the proposed methodology to all auctioned CRRs from 2009 to 2015. Our analysis identifies the paths that exhibit persistent abnormal returns, with the majority of them being positive. We also compare the patterns of risk and abnormal returns between on-peak and off-peak CRRs, and find no significant differences

HUBUNGAN KADAR HBA1C DENGAN RESIKO NEFROPATI DIABETIKUM PADA PASIEN DM TIPE 2 DI RSUD H. ABDUL MANAP KOTA JAMBI

Hiperglikemia kronis pada diabetes mellitus tipe 2 berhubungan dengan disfungsi atau kegagalan beberapa organ tubuh seperti ginjal (nefropati diabetikum). Pengendalian hiperglikemia pada penderita DM tipe 2 sangat penting dan tidak boleh diabaikan karena berhubungan dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas penderita DM tipe 2 tersebut. HbA1c merupakan salah satu pemeriksaan status glikemik pada penderita DM tipe 2 dan pemeriksaan mikroalbuminuria berguna untuk pemantauan dini resiko nefropati diabetikum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar HbA1c dengan Resiko Nefropati Diabetikum pada pasien DM tipe 2 di RSUD H. Abdul Manap Kota Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik cross-sectional dengan menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Analisis data dilakukan univariat dan bivariate menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Dari hasil 30 subjek penelitian, didapatkan pasien dengan usia 56-65 sebesar 66, jenis kelamin perempuan sebesar 66,7% perempuan. Hasil kadar HbA1c tidak terkontrol didapatkan hasil 50% beresiko nefropati diabetikum dan 50% normal. Hasil kadar HbA1c yang terkontrol didapatkan hasil 62,5% normal dan 37,5% beresiko nefropati diabetikum Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa nilai p-value=0,42 yang berarti tidak adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar HbA1c dengan resiko nefropati diabetikum pada pasien DM tipe 2 di RSUD H. Abdul Manap Kota Jambi

Integrated Analysis of Optimizing Tubing Material Selection for Gas Wells

Corrosion in production tubing strings is seen as a challenging problem in gas wells containing carbon dioxideand hydrogen sulfide. This paper presents a new comprehensive method of corrosion rate calculation with integrated study of reservoir condition, nodal analysis of the well, and well trajectory, which could also have an effect due to the possibility of different flow regimes of the production fluid. This method  is applicable to evaluate and predict the performance of selected tubing size and material. This method can also give an economic evaluation for the consideration of using corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) or low-alloy steel and carbon steel. The measurement of corrosion rate can be done by several methods,such as using corrosion coupons, calculating the iron content inside  the production fluid, or probes. Either way, when  the corrosion rate measured in the field is still below the acceptable maximum corrosion rate, it can be said that the adequacy of this method is guaranteed. This method has been implemented in a gas field,where it successfully selected the best tubing material for the next development well in this field. Consequently, the lifetime of the tubing strings could be extended,resulting in an economical benefit as well

Irrigation and drainage in the new millennium

Presented at the 2000 USCID international conference, Challenges facing irrigation and drainage in the new millennium on June 20-24 in Fort Collins, Colorado.The Snowflake Mill is located in a rural setting in Arizona. Through its papermaking process, the mill produces approximately 14 million gallons of effluent each day. Historically, this effluent had been discharged to a natural body of water called "Dry Lake". In 1992, however, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a consent decree which required the effluent either to be treated or cease discharging into Dry Lake. In the absence of complying with these requirements, EPA would seek the suspension of the mill's operations. After carefully evaluating various alternatives, the solids recovery system and biomass irrigation approach was chosen to be implemented for the complete elimination of the discharge to Dry Lake. Entellus, Inc. was retained by Abitibi Consolidated to provide planning, design and construction management services for the biomass irrigation project. The key components of the project included a 3,500- acre biomass plantation, two 30- and 36-inch diameter pipelines with lengths totaling 22,000 feet, approximately 14 miles of unlined earthen ditches, and a 260-acre impoundment formed by a 6,000- foot long earthen dam. The construction of the entire biomass irrigation project was completed at the end of 1996. The approach of biomass irrigation for effluent reuse has been proved to be extremely successful. It eliminated the need for advanced treatment and pumping facilities and in turn saved $50 million in capital investment and$10 million in annual operation and maintenance costs. In addition to the socio-economic benefits, this approach offers an opportunity to conserve a precious water resource. The project has become an environmental showplace in which the State of Arizona and Abitibi Consolidated can take pride