2,444 research outputs found
Detection of Lymph Node Metastases in Penile Cancer
Penile cancer (PC) is a relatively rare malignancy in the United States (US) but a greater concern in developing nations. Lymph node imaging remains critical to the staging and treatment of this disease as metastases develop in a predictable, anatomic fashion. Early surgical intervention remains a mainstay in treatment and imaging often aids in decision making. This review highlights the indications for imaging in both low-stage and advanced disease. Furthermore, we discuss the benefits and limitations of currently available imaging for staging of inguinal and pelvic lymph nodes in PC and novel modalities in development
Prostate Cancer Screening Trends After United States Preventative Services Task Force Guidelines in an Underserved Population
Purpose: Prostate cancer screening is a controversial topic. We examined trends in Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) testing in an underserved population before and after the United States Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation against screening. Methods: Data were collected on all PSA and cholesterol screening tests from 2008 to 2014. We examined the trend of these tests and prostate biopsies while comparing this data to lipid panel data to adjust for changes in patient population. Results: A decrease in PSA screening was observed from 2010 through 2014, with the greatest decline in 2012. The age group most affected was patients aged 55-69 years. The amount of prostate biopsies during this period decreased as well. Conclusions: Decreased rates of PSA screening were observed in our urban hospital population that preceded the publication of the USPSTF guidelines. The incidence of prostate biopsies decreased in this timeframe. It now remains to be demonstrated whether decreased PSA screening rates impact the diagnosis of and ultimately the survival from prostate cancer
Percutaneous and Endoscopic Management of Nephrolithiasis in a Patient with Five Native Ureters (Trifid Right and Bifid Left Collecting System)
Triplication of the ureter is a rare urologic finding that has been well described in the literature. Patients can present with urinary tract infections, incontinence, and calculi. We present the case of a patient with extensive stone burden with right trifid and left bifid collecting systems. Stone management was performed with a multimodal approach using a combination of endoscopic and percutaneous approaches. Our systematic and staged approach highlights a method for efficacious stone treatment in a complex endourologic case
Repositioning of special schools within a specialist, personalised educational marketplace - the need for a representative principle
This paper considers how notions of inclusive education as defined in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Salamanca Agreement (1994) have become dissipated, and can be developed and reframed to encourage their progress. It analyses the discourse within a range of academic, legal and media texts, exploring how this dissipation has taken place within the UK. Using data from 78 specialist school websites it contextualises this change in the use of the terms and ideas of inclusion with the rise of two other constructs, the 'specialist school' and 'personalisation'. It identifies the need for a precisely defined representative principle to theorise the type of school which inclusion aims to achieve, which cannot be subsumed by segregated providers. It suggests that this principle should not focus on the individual, but draw upon a liberal/democratic view of social justice, underlining inclusive education's role in removing social barriers that prevent equity, access and participation for all
PTF11eon/SN2011dh: Discovery of a Type IIb Supernova From a Compact Progenitor in the Nearby Galaxy M51
On May 31, 2011 UT a supernova (SN) exploded in the nearby galaxy M51 (the
Whirlpool Galaxy). We discovered this event using small telescopes equipped
with CCD cameras, as well as by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) survey, and
rapidly confirmed it to be a Type II supernova. Our early light curve and
spectroscopy indicates that PTF11eon resulted from the explosion of a
relatively compact progenitor star as evidenced by the rapid shock-breakout
cooling seen in the light curve, the relatively low temperature in early-time
spectra and the prompt appearance of low-ionization spectral features. The
spectra of PTF11eon are dominated by H lines out to day 10 after explosion, but
initial signs of He appear to be present. Assuming that He lines continue to
develop in the near future, this SN is likely a member of the cIIb (compact
IIb; Chevalier and Soderberg 2010) class, with progenitor radius larger than
that of SN 2008ax and smaller than the eIIb (extended IIb) SN 1993J progenitor.
Our data imply that the object identified in pre-explosion Hubble Space
Telescope images at the SN location is possibly a companion to the progenitor
or a blended source, and not the progenitor star itself, as its radius (~10^13
cm) would be highly inconsistent with constraints from our post-explosion
photometric and spectroscopic data
Methods for specifying the target difference in a randomised controlled trial : the Difference ELicitation in TriAls (DELTA) systematic review
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Gender Differences in Russian Colour Naming
In the present study we explored Russian colour naming in a web-based psycholinguistic experiment
(http://www.colournaming.com). Colour singletons representing the Munsell Color Solid (N=600 in total) were presented on a computer monitor and named using an unconstrained colour-naming method. Respondents were
Russian speakers (N=713). For gender-split equal-size samples (NF=333, NM=333) we estimated and compared (i)
location of centroids of 12 Russian basic colour terms (BCTs); (ii) the number of words in colour descriptors; (iii) occurrences of BCTs most frequent non-BCTs. We found a close correspondence between femalesâ and malesâ
BCT centroids. Among individual BCTs, the highest inter-gender agreement was for seryj âgreyâ and goluboj
âlight blueâ, while the lowest was for sinij âdark blueâ and krasnyj âredâ. Females revealed a significantly richer repertory of distinct colour descriptors, with great variety of monolexemic non-BCTs and âfancyâ colour names; in comparison, males offered relatively more BCTs or their compounds. Along with these measures, we gauged
denotata of most frequent CTs, reflected by linguistic segmentation of colour space, by employing a synthetic
observer trained by gender-specific responses. This psycholinguistic representation revealed femalesâ more
refined linguistic segmentation, compared to males, with higher linguistic density predominantly along the redgreen axis of colour space
A population of gamma-ray emitting globular clusters seen with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
Globular clusters with their large populations of millisecond pulsars (MSPs)
are believed to be potential emitters of high-energy gamma-ray emission. Our
goal is to constrain the millisecond pulsar populations in globular clusters
from analysis of gamma-ray observations. We use 546 days of continuous
sky-survey observations obtained with the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi
Gamma-ray Space Telescope to study the gamma-ray emission towards 13 globular
clusters. Steady point-like high-energy gamma-ray emission has been
significantly detected towards 8 globular clusters. Five of them (47 Tucanae,
Omega Cen, NGC 6388, Terzan 5, and M 28) show hard spectral power indices and clear evidence for an exponential cut-off in the range
1.0-2.6 GeV, which is the characteristic signature of magnetospheric emission
from MSPs. Three of them (M 62, NGC 6440 and NGC 6652) also show hard spectral
indices , however the presence of an exponential cut-off
can not be unambiguously established. Three of them (Omega Cen, NGC 6388, NGC
6652) have no known radio or X-ray MSPs yet still exhibit MSP spectral
properties. From the observed gamma-ray luminosities, we estimate the total
number of MSPs that is expected to be present in these globular clusters. We
show that our estimates of the MSP population correlate with the stellar
encounter rate and we estimate 2600-4700 MSPs in Galactic globular clusters,
commensurate with previous estimates. The observation of high-energy gamma-ray
emission from a globular cluster thus provides a reliable independent method to
assess their millisecond pulsar populations that can be used to make
constraints on the original neutron star X-ray binary population, essential for
understanding the importance of binary systems in slowing the inevitable core
collapse of globular clusters.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. Corresponding authors: J.
Kn\"odlseder, N. Webb, B. Pancraz
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