The Music Producers´ Role in A Digital Era : “An understanding of a how digitalization and the development of the producers’ role over time, has affected the labor practices of the producer and the dynamics between different parts in the industry.”

Master's thesis Music Management MU501 - University of Agder 2018As we all know the Music has been through quite a shift due to the digitalization both in business models and the way it is structured. There has been little research on the way these changes have affected the specific professions within the industry. This paper aims to look at how these changes have affected the Music Producers labor practices, and how the dynamics between the different parts in the industry has changed. It also aims to look at why it has happened, and what it has led to. The paper concludes with the fact that there is a lot of structural changes that has forced the producers to work different in order to stay relevant. Based on semi-structured interviews with informants that work as producers professionally, the paper finishes with a discussion part where the most interesting findings are being linked up to relevant theory within the field

A Scalable High-Yielding and Selective Oxidative Heck Cross-Coupling – A Key Step for the Synthesis of trans- Stilbenes

A selective oxidative Heck cross-coupling method was developed and optimized as a pivotal step for a synthetic route leading to the trans-stilbene framework. The developed method and synthesis were needed in a SAR study in progress that concerned design and development of an inhibitor for the human cell xCT antiporter system. The developed oxidative Heck cross-coupling method was examined with a variety of substrates and reagents to produce a library of different substituted trans-stilbenes, which revealed the method to hold a very good tolerance for an assortment of functional groups. The final synthetic route was successfully scaled-up (from mg scale) and performed in a 150 g (>1000×up-scaled) batch run to obtain an overall yield of 73 % (over three steps), which corresponds to a mean step yield of 90 %. The inhibitor candidate DC10 [(E)-5-(2-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)vinyl)-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid] was produced in multi-gram quantities (≈33 g) that subsequently was forwarded for animal efficacy and toxicology studies. The scaled-up process constitutes the first example of an oxidative Heck cross-coupling on >100-gram scale.publishedVersio

Felles situasjonsbevissthet. Forsvarets rolle og bidrag

Master i samfunnssikkerhet og kriseledelse - Nord universitet, 201

Påvirker overvekt, fedme eller sentral fedme nyrefunksjonen?

Bakgrunn: Overvekt og fedme er et økende problem i den vestlige verden og kan ha mange følgesykdommer. Kronisk nyresykdom (CKD) lå på 18. Plass over årsaker til globale dødsfall i 2010, og sykdommen endte på tredjeplass i total økning i antall personår tapt på grunn av prematur mortalitet, en økning på 83%, bare slått av HIV/AIDS (396%) og Diabetes mellitus (93%). Det er flere kjente risikofaktorer for utvikling av CKD som DM 2 (diabetes mellitus type 2) og hypertensjon. Overvekt er en potent risikofaktor for ESRD (end-stage-renal-disease), men sammenhengen er ikke like klar ved CKD. Formålet med oppgaven er å belyse sammenheng mellom overvekt, fedme, sentral fedme og CKD. Materiale og Metode: Oppgaven er en litteraturstudie. Litteratur er innhentet etter ikke-systematiske litteratursøk i databasene Medline, Pubmed, Bibsys, samt tilsendt fra leder i forskningsgruppen Metabolisme og nyrefunksjon ved IKM, Det helsevitenskapelige fakultet, Universitetet i Tromsø. Artikler er også funnet ved hjelp av oversiktsartikler. Artikler som omhandler emnet konkret er spesielt vektlagt. Studier som har satt CKD stadium 3 (GFR <60 ml/min per 1.73m2 ) som endepunkt er inkludert. Resultater og fortolkning: Resultatene i de studier denne oppgaven viser til er sprikende, noen studier tyder på at overvekt og fedme i form av forhøyet BMI (Body Mass Index) eller sentral fedme er risikofaktorer for CKD stadium 3, andre ikke. Det man vet er at overvekt og fedme disponerer for DM 2 og hypertensjon. Både DM 2 og hypertensjon er viktige risikofaktorer for utvikling av CKD. Konklusjon: Overvekt, fedme og sentral fedme bidrar til redusert nyrefunksjon ved økt risiko for DM 2 og hypertensjon som er kjente risikofaktorer for CKD, men studier denne oppgaven har belyst konkluderer ikke enstydende med at overvekt, fedme og/eller sentral fedme uten tilstedeværelse av DM 2 og hypertensjon øker risiko for CKD stadium 3

An environmentally benign and high-rate Appel type reaction

A high rate, selective, and productive Appel type reaction was developed. The method allows for ipso-substitution of the alcoholic hydroxy group with halogens ∈ [Cl, Br, I]. The method demands mild reaction conditions that include a very short reaction time, <15 min only, versus reaction times of several hours or days using the classical Appel reaction conditions (PPh3 + CCl4 + R–OH). The method was demonstrated to operate with the cheap and easily available 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dimethylhydantoins and N-halo succinimides (halo ∈ [Cl, Br, I]) as the reagent that performs the halogenation of PPh3. The reaction protocol operated with several acceptable solvents rather than DCM that was used in the classical Appel reaction. Furthermore, the batch protocol was also translated and successfully implemented on a flow reactor platform (t < 5 min, y = 95%).publishedVersio

Undersøkelser av produksjonsprøver av medisintran 1937 til 1946

437 samples collected from the Norwegian cod liver oil production in the years 1937 to 1946 have been examined for blue value, free fatty acid, Kreis value and refractive index. In addition other data such as weight of the fish, their liver content and their oil yields are given. From these samples, 156 representative composite samples were analysed for the above constants as well as for E (10g /l)/328, iodine value, saponification value, unsaponifiable matter, and colour. Calculations of the vitamin A content were made both as BV/g whole fish and as mg vit. A/kg whole fish. It is shown that the amount of vitamin A in the livers is fairly constant for mature cod in Lofoten, Vesterålen, Senja, Troms and Møre. Size and age of the fish have no apparent effect on the quantity of vitamin A in the fish. For the bulk of the landings (Lofoten fish) the variation in the annual average in vitamin A content during these years was 13,3 to 16,0 mg vit. A/kg fish, or ± 9 %. The vitamin content of a given sample of oil depends on the liver content of the fish, and on the percent of oil in the livers. The oil acts as a diluent for vitamin A, and fish yielding much oil give low potency oils, while fish yielding less give oils containing more vitamin A. For Lofoten, the annual average for vitamin A content of the oil varied from E = 0,46 to 0,83 or from 740 to 1330 IU/g in these years. For immature cod, caught off the coast of Finnmark, the size of the fish has a marked influence on the vitamin A content. Small fish yield oils of lower potency than larger ones. The average vitamin A content in these immature fish has, in the years investigated, varied from 6,2 to 12,2 mg vit. A/kg of fish, and the vitamin A content of the oils has varied from E = 0,30 to E = 0,60. Tables and figures are given for the average liver and oil content of the fish, and for the vitamin A, unsaponifiable matter and iodine values of the oils. The percent of unsaponifiable matter in the oils was found to increase with increased vitamin A content. The average iodine values of oils from mature fish showed only small variations from one year to another, but those for oils from immature fish from Finnmark varied from 151 to 169

Termisk spalting av fettsyrehydroperoksyder i tran.

Fi-Kje-Te rapporte

The styryl benzoic acid derivative DC10 potentiates radiotherapy by targeting the xCT-glutathione axis

Metastatic tumors with moderate radiosensitivity account for most cancer-related deaths, highlighting the limitations of current radiotherapy regimens. The xCT-inhibitor sulfasalazine (SAS) sensitizes cancer cells to radiotherapy by blocking cystine uptake via the xCT membrane antiporter, and thereby glutathione (GSH) synthesis protecting against radiation-induced oxidative stress. The expression of xCT in multiple tumor types implies it as a target generic to cancer rather than confined to few subtypes. However, SAS has limited clinical potential as a radiosensitizer due to side effects and low bioavailability. Using SAS as a starting point, we previously developed synthetic xCT-inhibitors through scaffold hopping and structure optimization aided by structure-activity relationship analysis (SAR). Notably, the compound DC10 exhibited inhibition of GSH synthesis. In this study, we validated DC10 as a radiosensitizer in the xCT-expressing cancer cell lines A172, A375 and MCF7, and mice harboring melanoma xenografts. After DC10 treatment, we measured 14C-cystine uptake in the cancer cells using liquid scintillation counting, and intracellular GSH levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using luminescence assays. We performed immunoblotting of H2AX and ATM to assess DNA damage after treatment with DC10 and radiotherapy. We then assessed the effect of adding DC10 to radiation upon cancer cell colony formation. Blood samples from mice treated with DC10 underwent biochemical analysis to assess toxicity. Finally, mice with A375 melanomas in the flank, received DC10 and radiotherapy in combination, as monotherapies or no treatment. Notably, DC10 reduced cystine uptake and GSH synthesis and increased ROS levels in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, DC10 interacted synergistically with radiation to increase DNA damage and reduce tumor cell colony formation. Mice receiving DC10 were clinically unaffected, whereas blood samples analysis to assess bone marrow suppression, liver or kidney toxicity revealed no significant differences between treated mice and untreated controls. Importantly, DC10 potentiated the anti-tumor efficacy of radiation in mice with melanoma xenografts. We conclude that DC10 is well tolerated and acts as a radiosensitizer by inhibiting cystine uptake, leading to GSH depletion and increased oxidative stress. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using synthetic xCT-inhibitors to overcome radioresistance.publishedVersio

Gut bless you: The microbiota-gut-brain axis in irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common clinical label for medically unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms, recently described as a disturbance of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Despite decades of research, the pathophysiology of this highly heterogeneous disorder remains elusive. However, a dramatic change in the understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms surfaced when the importance of gut microbiota protruded the scientific picture. Are we getting any closer to understanding IBS' etiology, or are we drowning in unspecific, conflicting data because we possess limited tools to unravel the cluster of secrets our gut microbiota is concealing? In this comprehensive review we are discussing some of the major important features of IBS and their interaction with gut microbiota, clinical microbiota-altering treatment such as the low FODMAP diet and fecal microbiota transplantation, neuroimaging and methods in microbiota analyses, and current and future challenges with big data analysis in IBS.Supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN, Spain), No. AGL2017-88801-P (to Sanz Y); the Miguel Server grant from the Spanish "Carlos III" Health Institute (ISCIII), No. CP19/00132 (to Benitez-Paez A); The Norwegian Research Council (Funding Post-doc Position for Bharath Halandur Nagaraja), No. FRIMEDBIO276010; and Helse Vest’s Research Funding, No. HV912243; and ERC H2020-MSCA-IF-2019, No. 895219 (to Haleem N).Peer reviewe

Molybdenum-catalyzed deoxygenation of heteroaromatic n-oxides and hydroxides using Pinacol as Reducing Agent

A molybdenum-catalyzed deoxygenationof pyridine N -oxides and N-hydroxybenzotriazoles,as well as other azole N-oxides, has been developedusing pinacol as an environmentally friendly oxo-acceptor. The only by-products are acetone andwater making the process a convenient alternativeto established protocols in terms of waste gener-ation. The reaction is highly chemose lective and avariety of functional groups are tolerated. Theprocesses are usually very clean allowing theisolation of the pure deoxygenated products after asimple extraction in most cases.Ministerio de Economı´ayCompetitividad (MINECO) (CTQ2013-48937-C2-1-P,CTQ2015-70371-REDT, and CTQ2016-75023-C2-1-P) andJunta de Castilla y Leo´n and FEDER (BU076U16)This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: R. Rubio-Presa, M. A. Fernández-Rodríguez, M. R. Pedrosa, F. J. Arnáiz, R. Sanz, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2017, 359, 1752. doi: 10.1002/adsc.201700071, which has been published in final form at 10.1002/adsc.201700071. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archivin