214 research outputs found
Stability and magnetic properties of Fe double-layers on Ir (111)
We investigate the interplay between the structural reconstruction and the
magnetic properties of Fe doublelayers on Ir (111)-substrate using
first-principles calculations based on density functional theory and mapping of
the total energies on an atomistic spin model. We show that, if a second Fe
monolayer is deposited on Fe/Ir (111), the stacking may change from hexagonal
close-packed to bcc (110)-like accompanied by a reduction of symmetry from
trigonal to centered rectangular. Although the bcc-like surface has a lower
coordination, we find that this is the structural ground state. This
reconstruction has a major impact on the magnetic structure. We investigate in
detail the changes in the magnetic exchange interaction, the magnetocrystalline
anisotropy, and the Dzyaloshinskii Moriya interaction depending on the stacking
sequence of the Fe double-layer. Based on our findings, we suggest a new
technique to engineer Dzyaloshinskii Moriya interactions in multilayer systems
employing symmetry considerations. The resulting anisotropic
Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions may stabilize higher-order skyrmions or
antiskyrmions
A construção social do pais negros e os pais da classe trabalhadora por diretores de escolas: Interromper ou jogar orientaçÔes polĂticas educacionais contraditĂłrios e deficientes?
School principals, contending with competing characterizations of parents in education policy and society, may view parents in a number of ways. Two common understandings portray parents as authentic partners or, in contrast, simply supporters of the schoolâs agenda. This paper explores these characterizations by considering the possible link between principalsâ understandings of parents and their approaches to parent engagement and/or shared decision making, especially in light of the ways that the social context and education policy construct parents of color and working class parents as deficient. We use the lens of social construction of target populations to add to the currently minimal literature that directly examines principalsâ views of parents. We report findings of a multi-phase analysis of surveys of 667 elementary principals in the state of California and interviews with a subgroup of 34 of these principals. We explore how principals structured parent engagement and conceived of the goals and rationales for parent workshops, illustrating how they socially constructed the target population of parents, particularly parents of color and working class parents. We find that principals often constructed parents in terms of deficiencies and as needing to learn to better support school goals. Our findings have profound implications for advancing equity in schools.Los directores de las escuelas, que compiten con caracterizaciones competitivas de los padres en las polĂticas educativas y la sociedad, pueden ver a los padres de varias maneras. Dos entendimientos comunes describen a los padres como socios autĂ©nticos o, en contraste, simplemente como partidarios de la agenda de la escuela. Este documento explora estas caracterizaciones al considerar el posible vĂnculo entre la comprensiĂłn de los padres y sus enfoques de participaciĂłn de padres y / o decisiones compartidas, especialmente a la luz de las formas en que el contexto social y la polĂtica educativa construyen padres de color y padres de clase trabajadora como deficiente. Usamos el lente de la construcciĂłn social de las poblaciones objetivo para agregar a la literatura actualmente mĂnima que examina directamente las opiniones de los directores sobre los padres. Divulgamos los resultados de un anĂĄlisis de mĂșltiples fases de encuestas de 667 directores de escuelas primarias en el estado de California y entrevistas con un subgrupo de 34 de estos directores. Exploramos cĂłmo los directores estructuraron la participaciĂłn de los padres y concibieron las metas y fundamentos de los talleres para padres, ilustrando cĂłmo construyeron socialmente la poblaciĂłn objetivo de padres, en particular los padres de color y los padres de la clase trabajadora. Encontramos que los directores a menudo construyen a los padres en tĂ©rminos de deficiencias y que necesitan aprender a apoyar mejor las metas escolares. Nuestros hallazgos tienen profundas implicaciones para avanzar la equidad en las escuelas.Diretores de escolas, corrida caracterizaçÔes competitivas de pais em polĂtica de educação e da sociedade pode ver os pais de vĂĄrias maneiras. Dois entendimentos comuns descrevem os pais como parceiros autĂȘnticos ou, em contraste, simplesmente como defensores da agenda da escola. Este artigo explora essas caracterizaçÔes quando se considera a possĂvel ligação entre os pais compreensivos e suas abordagens de envolvimento dos pais e / ou compartilhado, especialmente Ă luz das maneiras em que o contexto social e polĂtica educacional construir pais de opçÔes de cores e pais da classe trabalhadora como deficientes. Usamos a lente da construção social de populaçÔes-alvo para adicionar Ă literatura atualmente mĂnimo que examina diretamente as opiniĂ”es dos diretores sobre os pais. NĂłs divulgar os resultados de uma pesquisa multifĂĄsico anĂĄlise de 667 diretores de escola primĂĄria no estado da CalifĂłrnia e entrevistas com um subconjunto de 34 desses diretores. Explore como gerentes de participação dos pais e objetivos concebido e fundamentos de oficinas para pais, ilustrando como o alvo pais, especialmente pais de cor e da classe trabalhadora população pais construĂdo socialmente estruturado. Descobrimos que os diretores muitas vezes constroem os pais em termos de deficiĂȘncias e precisam aprender para melhor apoiar os objetivos escolares. Nossas descobertas tĂȘm profundas implicaçÔes para o avanço da equidade nas escolas
Revealing the correlation between real-space structure and chiral magnetic order at the atomic scale
We image simultaneously the geometric, electronic and magnetic structure of a
buckled iron bilayer film that exhibits chiral magnetic order. We achieve this
by combining spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy and magnetic exchange
force microscopy (SPEX), to independently characterize the geometric as well as
the electronic and magnetic structure of non-flat surfaces. This new SPEX
imaging technique reveals the geometric height corrugation of the
reconstruction lines resulting from strong strain relaxation in the bilayer,
enabling the decomposition of the real-space from the eletronic structure at
the atomic level, and the correlation with the resultant spin spiral ground
state. By additionally utilizing adatom manipulation, we reveal the chiral
magnetic ground state of portions of the unit cell that were not previously
imaged with SP-STM alone. Using density functional theory (DFT), we investigate
the structural and electronic properties of the reconstructed bilayer and
identify the favorable stoichiometry regime in agreement with our experimental
result
Overburndened and Underfunded: California Public Schools Amidst the Great Recession
Since 2008, many nations, including the United States, have struggled with the effects of a global recession. The state of California has been particularly impacted by the Great Recession. Unemployment rates in California are among the highest in the United States, and a weak fiscal environment has forced deep cutbacks to a variety of state services. This study uses California as a case to explore the effects of economic crisis on public schools and the students they serve. The study draws on two years of survey and interview data with a representative sample of public school principals across California. The data show that, during the Great Recession, students have experienced growing social welfare needs that often shape their well-being and their performance in schools. We also find that the capacity of public schools to meet these needs and provide quality education has been eroded by budget cuts. This study finds that schools primarily serving low-income families have been hardest hit during the recession, in part because they cannot raise private dollars to fill the gap left by public sector cuts. The Great Recession thus has undermined educational quality while producing widening educational inequality in California
Curved CMOS sensor: characterization of the first fully functional prototype
Many are the optical designs that generate curved focal planes for which field flattener must be implemented. This generally implies the use of more optical elements and a consequent loss of throughput and performances. With the recent development of curved sensor this can be avoided. This new technology has been gathering more and more attention from a very broad community, as the potential applications are multiple: from low-cost commercial to high impact scientific systems, to mass-market and on board cameras, defense and security, and astronomical community.
We describe here the first concave curved CMOS detector developed within a collaboration between CNRS-LAM and CEA-LETI. This fully-functional detector 20Mpix (CMOSIS CMV20000) has been curved down to a radius of R_c =150mm over a size of 24x32mm^2. We present here the methodology adopted for its characterization and describe in detail all the results obtained. We also discuss the main components of noise, such as the readout noise, the fixed pattern noise and the dark current. Finally we provide a comparison with the at version of the same sensor in order to establish the impact of the curving process on the main characteristics of the sensor
ACO2 mutations: A novel phenotype associating severe optic atrophy and spastic paraplegia
International audienc
The physical oceanography of the transport of floating marine debris
Marine plastic debris floating on the ocean surface is a major environmental problem. However, its distribution in the ocean is poorly mapped, and most of the plastic waste estimated to have entered the ocean from land is unaccounted for. Better understanding of how plastic debris is transported from coastal and marine sources is crucial to quantify and close the global inventory of marine plastics, which in turn represents critical information for mitigation or policy strategies. At the same time, plastic is a unique tracer that provides an opportunity to learn more about the physics and dynamics of our ocean across multiple scales, from the Ekman convergence in basin-scale gyres to individual waves in the surfzone. In this review, we comprehensively discuss what is known about the different processes that govern the transport of floating marine plastic debris in both the open ocean and the coastal zones, based on the published literature and referring to insights from neighbouring fields such as oil spill dispersion, marine safety recovery, plankton connectivity, and others. We discuss how measurements of marine plastics (both in situ and in the laboratory), remote sensing, and numerical simulations can elucidate these processes and their interactions across spatio-temporal scales
Complex population structure and haplotype patterns in the Western European honey bee from sequencing a large panel of haploid drones:Sequencing haploid honey bee drones
International audienceHoney bee subspecies originate from specific geographical areas in Africa, Europe and the Middle East, and beekeepers interested in specific phenotypes have imported genetic material to regions outside of the bees' original range for use either in pure lines or controlled crosses. Moreover, imported drones are present in the environment and mate naturally with queens from the local subspecies. The resulting admixture complicates population genetics analyses, and population stratification can be a major problem for association studies. To better understand Western European honey bee populations, we produced a whole genome sequence and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype data set from 870 haploid drones and demonstrate its utility for the identification of nine genetic backgrounds and various degrees of admixture in a subset of 629 samples. Five backgrounds identified correspond to subspecies, two to isolated populations on islands and two to managed populations. We also highlight several large haplotype blocks, some of which coincide with the position of centromeres. The largest is 3.6 Mb long and represents 21% of chromosome 11, with two major haplotypes corresponding to the two dominant genetic backgrounds identified. This large naturally phased data set is available as a single vcf file that can now serve as a reference for subsequent populations genomics studies in the honey bee, such as (i) selecting individuals of verified homogeneous genetic backgrounds as references, (ii) imputing genotypes from a lower-density data set generated by an SNP-chip or by low-pass sequencing, or (iii) selecting SNPs compatible with the requirements of genotyping chips
Complex population structure and haplotype patterns in the Western European honey bee from sequencing a large panel of haploid drones
Honey bee subspecies originate from specific geographical areas in Africa, Europe
and the Middle East, and beekeepers interested in specific phenotypes have imported
genetic material to regions outside of the bees' original range for use either in pure
lines or controlled crosses. Moreover, imported drones are present in the environment
and mate naturally with queens from the local subspecies. The resulting admixture
complicates population genetics analyses, and population stratification can
be a major problem for association studies. To better understand Western European
honey bee populations, we produced a whole genome sequence and single nucleotide
polymorphism (SNP) genotype data set from 870 haploid drones and demonstrate
its utility for the identification of nine genetic backgrounds and various degrees of
admixture in a subset of 629 samples. Five backgrounds identified correspond to subspecies,
two to isolated populations on islands and two to managed populations. We
also highlight several large haplotype blocks, some of which coincide with the position
of centromeres. The largest is 3.6 Mb long and represents 21% of chromosome 11, with two major haplotypes corresponding to the two dominant genetic backgrounds
identified. This large naturally phased data set is available as a single vcf file that can
now serve as a reference for subsequent populations genomics studies in the honey
bee, such as (i) selecting individuals of verified homogeneous genetic backgrounds
as references, (ii) imputing genotypes from a lower-density
data set generated by an
SNP-chip
or by low-pass
sequencing, or (iii) selecting SNPs compatible with the requirements
of genotyping chips.This work was performed in collaboration with the GeT platform,
Toulouse (France), a partner of the National Infrastructure France
GĂ©nomique, thanks to support by the Commissariat aux Grands
Invetissements (ANR-10-INBS-0009).
Bioinformatics analyses were
performed on the GenoToul Bioinfo computer cluster. This work
was funded by a grant from the INRA Département de Génétique
Animale (INRA Animal Genetics division) and by the SeqApiPop programme,
funded by the FranceAgriMer grant 14-21-AT.
We thank John Kefuss for helpful discussions. We thank Andrew Abrahams
for providing honey bee samples from Colonsay (Scotland), the
Association Conservatoire de l'Abeille Noire Bretonne (ACANB) for
samples from Ouessant (France), CETA de Savoie for sample from
Savoie, ADAPI for samples from Porquerolles and all beekeepers and
bee breeders who kindly participated in this study by providing samples
from their colonies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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