Desarrollo del emprendimiento en España en los últimos años y principales desafíos en el trayecto empresarial

El emprendimiento está definido por la OBS Business School como la capacidad de comenzar desde cero la creación de un proyecto, una iniciativa o un negocio. (Business School OBS, 2023). Surge cuando se materializa un proyecto donde la idea de negocio se combina con dos elementos, conexiones y oportunidades, que se llevará a cabo por uno o varios emprendedores. Es importante destacar que los emprendimientos funcionan con un conglomerado de aspectos, en el que influyen no solo las características personales del individuo, sino también las condiciones del mercado, y los recursos financieros. Además, agentes externos, que impactan de forma positiva o negativa a que se generen ambientes de negocios óptimos para que sean llevadas a cabos las iniciativas. A continuación, en este trabajo nos enfocaremos en el emprendimiento relacionado a la actividad económica empresarial, queremos mostrar el impacto y la importancia que tiene el emprendimiento en nuestra economía. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es dar visibilidad al camino andado por el emprendedor, analizando las características del emprendimiento en el país.Grado en Comerci

Comparação entre equações preditivas do gasto energético basal e calorimetria indireta em ginastas

Aim: to compare equations for estimating resting energy expenditure with values obtained by indirect calorimetry from rhythmic and artistic gymnasts. Methods: cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 11 female gymnasts of a sports club in Porto Alegre, Brazil, that were evaluated about body fat percent, resting energy expenditure obtained by indirect calorimetry and by predictive equations of Harris-Benedict, Henry & Rees, FAO/WHO, Schofield, Katch & McArdle and the Institute of Medicine. Results: all athletes had healthy body fat percentages and none of the equations tested was correlated with the results of indirect calorimetry, especially not when resting energy expenditure according to indirect calorimetry was greater than 1400 calories. The Harris-Benedict equation differed the least from indirect calorimetry among all tested equations. resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry did not correlate to body composition, age, time since menarche or training. Conclusions: based on obtained data the predictive equations studied for estimating resting energy expenditure were not similar to the indirect calorimetry results, although the Harris-Benedict equation exhibited the smallest difference. Further studies are needed to elucidate this findings.Comparação entre equações preditivas do gasto energético basal e calorimetria indireta em ginastas Objetivo: comparar as equações para estimativa do gasto energético de repouso com os valores obtidos por calorimetria indireta em atletas de ginástica artística e rítmica. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado com uma amostra de conveniência de 11 atletas do sexo feminino de um clube esportivo de Porto Alegre, Brasil, avaliadas em relação ao percentual de gordura corporal, gasto energético de repouso obtido por calorimetria indireta e pelas equações preditivas de Harris-Benedict, Henry e Rees, FAO/OMS, Schofield, Katch e McArdle e do Instituto de Medicina. Resultados: todas as atletas tinham percentual de gordura adequado e nenhuma das equações testadas se correlacionou com os resultados obtidos por carolimetria indireta, especialmente quando o gasto energético de repouso por calorimetria indireta foi maior do que 1400 calorias. Dentre todas as equações, a equação de Harris-Benedict foi a que menos diferiu da calorimetria indireta. O gasto energético de repouso por calorimetria indireta também não se correlacionou com a composição corporal, idade, tempo de menarca ou tempo de treinamento. Conclusões: baseado nos dados obtidos, nenhuma das equações preditivas estudadas para estimativa do gasto energético de repouso foram similares aos resultados da calorimetria indireta, embora a equação de Harris-Benedict exibiu a menor diferença. Mais estudos são necessários para melhor entender estes resultados

Comparação entre equações preditivas do gasto energético basal e calorimetria indireta em ginastas

Aim: to compare equations for estimating resting energy expenditure with values obtained by indirect calorimetry from rhythmic and artistic gymnasts. Methods: cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 11 female gymnasts of a sports club in Porto Alegre, Brazil, that were evaluated about body fat percent, resting energy expenditure obtained by indirect calorimetry and by predictive equations of Harris-Benedict, Henry & Rees, FAO/WHO, Schofield, Katch & McArdle and the Institute of Medicine. Results: all athletes had healthy body fat percentages and none of the equations tested was correlated with the results of indirect calorimetry, especially not when resting energy expenditure according to indirect calorimetry was greater than 1400 calories. The Harris-Benedict equation differed the least from indirect calorimetry among all tested equations. resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry did not correlate to body composition, age, time since menarche or training. Conclusions: based on obtained data the predictive equations studied for estimating resting energy expenditure were not similar to the indirect calorimetry results, although the Harris-Benedict equation exhibited the smallest difference. Further studies are needed to elucidate this findings. RESUMOComparação entre equações preditivas do gasto energético basal e calorimetria indireta em ginastasObjetivo: comparar as equações para estimativa do gasto energético de repouso com os valores obtidos por calorimetria indireta em atletas de ginástica artística e rítmica. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado com uma amostra de conveniência de 11 atletas do sexo feminino de um clube esportivo de Porto Alegre, Brasil, avaliadas em relação ao percentual de gordura corporal, gasto energético de repouso obtido por calorimetria indireta e pelas equações preditivas de Harris-Benedict, Henry e Rees, FAO/OMS, Schofield, Katch e McArdle e do Instituto de Medicina. Resultados: todas as atletas tinham percentual de gordura adequado e nenhuma das equações testadas se correlacionou com os resultados obtidos por carolimetria indireta, especialmente quando o gasto energético de repouso por calorimetria indireta foi maior do que 1400 calorias. Dentre todas as equações, a equação de Harris-Benedict foi a que menos diferiu da calorimetria indireta. O gasto energético de repouso por calorimetria indireta também não se correlacionou com a composição corporal, idade, tempo de menarca ou tempo de treinamento. Conclusões: baseado nos dados obtidos, nenhuma das equações preditivas estudadas para estimativa do gasto energético de repouso foram similares aos resultados da calorimetria indireta, embora a equação de Harris-Benedict exibiu a menor diferença. Mais estudos são necessários para melhor entender estes resultados.Objetivo: comparar as equações para estimativa do gasto energético de repouso com os valores obtidos por calorimetria indireta em atletas de ginástica artística e rítmica. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado com uma amostra de conveniência de 11 atletas do sexo feminino de um clube esportivo de Porto Alegre, Brasil, avaliadas em relação ao percentual de gordura corporal, gasto energético de repouso obtido por calorimetria indireta e pelas equações preditivas de Harris-Benedict, Henry e Rees, FAO/OMS, Schofield, Katch e McArdle e do Instituto de Medicina. Resultados: todas as atletas tinham percentual de gordura adequado e nenhuma das equações testadas se correlacionou com os resultados obtidos por carolimetria indireta, especialmente quando o gasto energético de repouso por calorimetria indireta foi maior do que 1400 calorias. Dentre todas as equações, a equação de Harris-Benedict foi a que menos diferiu da calorimetria indireta. O gasto energético de repouso por calorimetria indireta também não se correlacionou com a composição corporal, idade, tempo de menarca ou tempo de treinamento. Conclusões: baseado nos dados obtidos, nenhuma das equações preditivas estudadas para estimativa do gasto energético de repouso foram similares aos resultados da calorimetria indireta, embora a equação de Harris-Benedict exibiu a menor diferença. Mais estudos são necessários para melhor entender estes resultados. ABSTRACTComparison between equations for estimation of resting energy expenditure and indirect calorimetry in gymnastsAim: to compare equations for estimating resting energy expenditure with values obtained by indirect calorimetry from rhythmic and artistic gymnasts. Methods: cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 11 female gymnasts of a sports club in Porto Alegre, Brazil, that were evaluated about body fat percent, resting energy expenditure obtained by indirect calorimetry and by predictive equations of Harris-Benedict, Henry & Rees, FAO/WHO, Schofield, Katch & McArdle and the Institute of Medicine. Results: all athletes had healthy body fat percentages and none of the equations tested was correlated with the results of indirect calorimetry, especially not when resting energy expenditure according to indirect calorimetry was greater than 1400 calories. The Harris-Benedict equation differed the least from indirect calorimetry among all tested equations. resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry did not correlate to body composition, age, time since menarche or training. Conclusions: based on obtained data the predictive equations studied for estimating resting energy expenditure were not similar to the indirect calorimetry results, although the Harris-Benedict equation exhibited the smallest difference. Further studies are needed to elucidate this findings. Â

Factibilidad de la automatización de cuatro laboratorios clínicos en Managua, 1998

Investigación que constituye un importante esfuerzo para el desarrollo del laboratorio clínico tomando en cuenta el componente de la factibilidad para renovar el procedimiento manual por el procedimiento automatizado en los exámenes de hematología y química clínica en cuatro hospitales de Managua, Nicaragua: Hospital Manolo Morales, Bertha Calderón Roque, Antonio Lenin Fonseca y el Hospital Infantil Manuel de Jesús Rivera; durante el período Agosto-Septiembre de 1998. Los principales resultados de este estudio demostraron que falta gestión en los hospitales mencionados y que el deterioro de los equipos actuales en el servicio de laboratorio requiere de una renovación del equipamiento. Se desconoce si existe presupuesto asignado para la adquisición de equipo tecnológico, pero se requiere satisfacer con calidad la demanda de los usuarios y que los resultados sean confiables. Partiendo de los resultados de la investigación, se sugiere que los procedimientos automatizados en hematología y Química clínica sean considerados en los planes de inversión del Ministerio de salud, por considera que aseguran calidad en la atención a un bajo cost

Ground state of excitons and charged excitons in a quantum well

A variational calculation of the ground state of a neutral exciton and of positively and negatively charged excitons (trions) in single quantum well is presented. We study the dependance of the correlation energy and of the binding energy on the well width and on the hole mass. Our results are are compared with previous theoretical results and with avalaible experimental data.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures presented to OECS

DINÂMICA DO COBRE NA PLANTA

Copper (Cu) refers to a micronutrient with an important role, a component of metalloproteins responsible for photosynthesis, respiration of electron transport chains, cell wall biosynthesis, secondary metabolism and participates in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The micronutrient is fundamental for plant development, because under conditions of deficiency, the plant reduces its growth, especially the reproductive organs and younger leaves. Under Cu restriction, biological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, protection against oxidative stress and plant metabolic functioning are interrupted, which corroborates with lower production rates. As well as the deficiency, the excess of copper causes several damages to the plant growth parameters. Among the metabolic processes, photosynthesis is severely affected by Cu toxicity. Based on cell metabolism, Cu has a great influence on cell wall metabolism, transcriptional protein transport signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, in addition to the biogenesis of iron (Fe) and molybdenum (Mo), being essential for plant growth. Knowledge about the micronutrient makes it possible to optimize its use in order to establish better conditions for plant development.O cobre (Cu) se refere a um micronutriente com relevante papel, componente das metaloproteínas responsáveis pela fotossíntese, respiração das cadeias de transporte de elétrons, biossíntese da parede celular, metabolismo secundário e participa da desintoxicação de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS). O micronutriente demonstra-se fundamental ao desenvolvimento vegetal, pois sob condições de deficiência, a planta reduz o seu crescimento, principalmente os órgãos reprodutivos e folhas mais jovens. Sob restrição de Cu, os processos biológicos, como a fotossíntese, respiração, proteção contra estresse oxidativo e o funcionamento metabólico vegetal são interrompidos, o que corrobora com menores índices produtivos. Assim como a deficiência, o excesso de cobre provoca diversos danos aos parâmetros de crescimento vegetal. Dentre os processos metabólicos, a fotossíntese é severamente afetada pela toxicidade de Cu. Com base no metabolismo celular, o Cu possui grande influência no metabolismo da parede celular, sinalização do transporte de proteínas de transcrição, fosforilação oxidativa, além da biogênese de ferro (Fe) e molibdênio (Mo), sendo essencial ao crescimento das plantas. O conhecimento a respeito do micronutriente possibilita otimizar o seu uso, a fim de estabelecer melhores condições ao desenvolvimento vegetal

Interleukin-1 plays a major role in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in male apolipoprotein E-knockout mice

Objective: To examine the role of the balance between interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation. Methods: Transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing either secreted IL-1Ra or intracellular IL-1Ra1 as well as IL-1Ra-deficient mice (IL-1Ra −/−) were crossed with apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (ApoE −/−). Results: In males fed a cholesterol-rich diet for 10 weeks, average atherosclerotic lesion area within aortic roots was significantly decreased in ApoE −/− secreted IL-1Ra Tg (−47%) and ApoE −/− intracellular IL-1Ra1 Tg (−40%) mice as compared to ApoE −/− non-Tg controls. The extent of sudanophilic lesions was reduced within the thoraco-abdominal aorta in ApoE −/− secreted IL-1Ra (−53%) and ApoE −/− intracellular IL-1Ra1 (−67%) Tg mice. In parallel experiments, we observed early mortality and illness among double deficient mice, whereas ApoE −/− IL-1Ra +/+ and ApoE +/+ IL-1Ra −/− mice were apparently healthy. After 7 weeks of diet, ApoE −/− IL-1Ra −/− mice exhibited massive aortic inflammation with destruction of the vascular architecture, but no signs of atherosclerosis. ApoE −/− IL-1Ra +/+ had atherosclerosis and a moderate inflammatory reaction, whereas ApoE +/+ IL-1Ra −/− mice were free of vascular lesions. Macrophages were present in large amounts within inflammatory lesions in the adventitia of ApoE −/− IL-1Ra −/− mice. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the IL-1/IL-1Ra ratio plays a critical role in the pathogenic mechanisms leading to vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in ApoE −/− mic

The use of 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in Ukrainian refugees: translation and validation study of the Ukrainian version

Following the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the well-being of millions of Ukrainians has been jeopardised. This study aims to translate and test the psychometric features of the Ukrainian version of the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12). The study included Ukrainian refugees housed in Verona (Italy) between November/2022 and February/2023. The Ukrainian translation was obtained through a 'forward-backward' translation. Questionnaire was completed by 141 refugees (females: 78.7%). Median age was 36 years (IQR 23-43). Individuals with a score suggestive of psychological distress were 97 (68.8%). Cronbach's coefficient was 0.84 (0.95CI 0.80-0.88). According to confirmatory factor analysis, both single- (modelB1) and two-factor (model B2) structures with bimodal scoring method fitted the data satisfactorily. The two factors of model B2 had a 0.88 correlation. Pearson coefficient showed a positive significant correlation between the GHQ-12 and International Trauma Questionnaire scores (ρ = 0.53, 0.95CI 0.40-0.64, p < 0.001). The GHQ-12 Ukrainian translation showed good psychometric features being a reliable and valid instrument to assess Ukrainian refugees' general well-being

DNA metabarcoding of forensic mycological samples

DNA metabarcoding and massive parallel sequencing are valuable molecular tools for the characterization of environmental samples. In forensic sciences, the analysis of the sample’s fungal population can be highly informative for the estimation of post-mortem interval, the ascertainment of deposition time, the identification of the cause of death, or the location of buried corpses. Unfortunately, metabarcoding data analysis often requires strong bioinformatic capabilities that are not widely available in forensic laboratories. The present paper describes the adoption of a user-friendly cloud-based application for the identification of fungi in typical forensic samples. The samples have also been analyzed through the QIIME pipeline, obtaining a relevant data concordance on top genus classification results (88%).The availability of a user-friendly application that can be run without command line activities will increase the popularity of metabarcoding fungal analysis in forensic samples