Rapports de developpement durables de societies Canadiennes exploitant des ressources naturelles: qu'en est-il?

L’objectif de la présente étude est d’analyser certaines caractéristiques des rapports de développement durable de sociétés canadiennes exploitant des ressources naturelles. Les caractéristiques étudiées sont les parties prenantes ciblées, les indicateurs de performance divulgués, l’ampleur de l’information à caractère négatif divulguée et le type d’assurance fournie

Electrochemotherapy in radiotherapy-resistant epidural spinal cord compression in metastatic cancer patients

Objective: To report efficacy and safety of percutaneous electrochemotherapy (ECT) in patients with radiotherapy-resistant metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC). Material/ methods: This retrospective study analyzed all consecutive patients treated with bleomycin-based ECT between February-2020 and September-2022 in a single tertiary referral cancer center. Changes in pain were evaluated with the Numerical Rating Score (NRS), in neurological deficit with the Neurological Deficit Scale, and changes in epidural spinal cord compression were evaluated with the epidural spinal cord compression scale (ESCCS) using an MRI. Results: Forty consecutive solid tumour patients with previously radiated MESCC and no effective systemic treatment options were eligible. With a median follow-up of 5.1 months [1-19.1], toxicities were temporary acute radicular pain (25%), prolonged radicular hypoesthesia (10%), and paraplegia (7.5%). At 1 month, pain was significantly improved over baseline (median NRS: 1.0 [0-8] versus 7.0 [1.0-10], P < .001) and neurological benefits were considered as marked (28%), moderate (28%), stable (38%), or worse (8%). Three-month follow-up (21 patients) confirmed improved over baseline (median NRS: 2.0 [0-8] versus 6.0 [1.0-10], P < .001) and neurological benefits were considered as marked (38%), moderate (19%), stable (33.5%), and worse (9.5%). One-month post-treatment MRI (35 patients) demonstrated complete response in 46% of patients by ESCCS, partial response in 31%, stable disease in 23%, and no patients with progressive disease. Three-month post-treatment MRI (21 patients) demonstrated complete response in 28.5%, partial response in 38%, stable disease in 24%, and progressive disease in 9.5%. Conclusions: This study provides the first evidence that ECT can rescue radiotherapy-resistant MESCC

?2-Microglobulin Amyloid Fibril-Induced Membrane Disruption Is Enhanced by Endosomal Lipids and Acidic pH

Although the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology of amyloidoses are not well understood, the interaction between amyloid proteins and cell membranes is thought to play a role in several amyloid diseases. Amyloid fibrils of ?2-microglobulin (?2m), associated with dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA), have been shown to cause disruption of anionic lipid bilayers in vitro. However, the effect of lipid composition and the chemical environment in which ?2m-lipid interactions occur have not been investigated previously. Here we examine membrane damage resulting from the interaction of ?2m monomers and fibrils with lipid bilayers. Using dye release, tryptophan fluorescence quenching and fluorescence confocal microscopy assays we investigate the effect of anionic lipid composition and pH on the susceptibility of liposomes to fibril-induced membrane damage. We show that ?2m fibril-induced membrane disruption is modulated by anionic lipid composition and is enhanced by acidic pH. Most strikingly, the greatest degree of membrane disruption is observed for liposomes containing bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) at acidic pH, conditions likely to reflect those encountered in the endocytic pathway. The results suggest that the interaction between ?2m fibrils and membranes of endosomal origin may play a role in the molecular mechanism of ?2m amyloid-associated osteoarticular tissue destruction in DRA

Genome evolution in the allotetraploid frog Xenopus laevis

To explore the origins and consequences of tetraploidy in the African clawed frog, we sequenced the Xenopus laevis genome and compared it to the related diploid X. tropicalis genome. We characterize the allotetraploid origin of X. laevis by partitioning its genome into two homoeologous subgenomes, marked by distinct families of ???fossil??? transposable elements. On the basis of the activity of these elements and the age of hundreds of unitary pseudogenes, we estimate that the two diploid progenitor species diverged around 34 million years ago (Ma) and combined to form an allotetraploid around 17-18 Ma. More than 56% of all genes were retained in two homoeologous copies. Protein function, gene expression, and the amount of conserved flanking sequence all correlate with retention rates. The subgenomes have evolved asymmetrically, with one chromosome set more often preserving the ancestral state and the other experiencing more gene loss, deletion, rearrangement, and reduced gene expression.ope

Data from: Onset of fights and mutual assessment in ant founding queens

In animals, the progress and outcomes of contests can be influenced by an individual's own condition, its opponent's condition or a combination of both. The use of chemical information to assess the quality of rivals has been underestimated despite its central role in the regulation of social interactions in many taxa. Here, we studied pairwise contests between founding queens of the ant Lasius niger to investigate whether the decision to engage in agonistic interactions relies on self or mutual assessment. Queens modulated their aggressive behaviours depending both on their own status and their opponent's status. We showed no influence of lipid stores or size on the onset of fights. However, differences in cuticular chemical signatures linked to fertility status accurately predicted the probability of behaving aggressively in pairs. Our study thus suggests that ant queens could rely on mutual assessment via chemical cues to make informed decisions about fight initiation

Mutual_assessment_queens

Raw data including size, mass, relative abundance of cuticular hydrocarbons and score of aggression. Raw data are provided in the spreadsheet "DATA" and explanations for each each column are provided in the spreadsheet "LEGEND"

Organisateurs de la 18e rencontre du Club de neurobiologie des invertébrés

National audienc

Categorical cell decomposition of quantized symplectic algebraic varieties

We prove a new symplectic analogue of Kashiwara's Equivalence from D-module theory. As a consequence, we establish a structure theory for module categories over deformation quantizations that mirrors, at a higher categorical level, the Bialynicki-Birula stratification of a variety with an action of the multiplicative group. The resulting categorical cell decomposition provides an algebro-geometric parallel to the structure of Fukaya categories of Weinstein manifolds. From it, we derive concrete consequences for invariants such as K-theory and Hochschild homology of module categories of interest in geometric representation theory

CCR2-Dependent Recruitment of Tregs and Monocytes Following Radiotherapy Is Associated with TNFα-Mediated Resistance

International audienceRadiotherapy (RT) represents one of the main anticancer approaches for the treatment of solid tumors. Beyond the expected direct effects of RT on tumor cells, evidence supporting the importance of an immune response to RT is growing. The balance between RT-mediated immunogenic and tolerogenic activity is ill-defined and deserves more attention. Herein, a murine model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was used to demonstrate that RT upregulated CCL2 chemokine production in tumor cells, leading to a CCR2-dependent accumulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-producing monocytes and CCR2+ regulatory T cells (Treg). This corecruitment was associated with a TNFα-dependent activation of Tregs, dampening the efficacy of RT. Our results highlight an unexpected cross-talk between innate and adaptive immune system components and indicate CCL2/CCR2 and TNFα as potential clinical candidates to counterbalance the radioprotective action of monocyte-derived cells and Tregs, paving the way for potent combined radioimmunotherapies

Evaluation avancée des hybrides Euraméricains et inter-américains créés par le GIS et suivi des 4 variétés P. deltoïdes homologuées en 2013. Rapport final

Les objectifs de la convention ont été en grande majorité atteints. La première commercialisation des plançons des quatre nouveaux cultivars P. deltoïdes créés par le GIS par 23 pépiniéristes français a eu lieu au printemps 2014 et la promotion de ce matériel végétal auprès des utilisateurs s’est poursuivie. Concernant le matériel végétal encore en cours de sélection par le GIS Peuplier, les dispositifs et les observations/notations prévus ont tous été réalisés dans le cadre de cette convention. Les hybrides euraméricains poursuivent leur processus d’évaluation pour Melampsora larici-populina, Melampsora alliipopulina, Marssonina brunnea et Xanthomonas populi et le GIS poursuit ses implantations de dispositifs agronomiques sur le terrain en populetum à pluri-arbres. Les hybrides interaméricains issus de rétrocroisements vers P. deltoïdes sont en cours d’évaluation pour la tolérance et la sensibilité à Melampsora larici-populina, leur comportement est prometteur en comparaison des hybrides interaméricains de première génération trop sensibles à la rouille foliaire. Les efforts de renouvellement de géniteurs P. Deltoïdes et P.nigra par recombinaison intra-spécifique se poursuivent par l’installation de nouveaux tests de pépinière à Guémené-Penfao. Les premières sélections ont permis la plantation d’une quarantaine de nouveaux géniteurs en collections florifères. Les croisements contrôlés 2014 se sont orientés vers le renouvellement de géniteurs P.trichocarpa