Biotecnologia : proposta de sequência didática de ensino investigativa como material de apoio para professores do e Ensino Médio

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Programa de Pós-graduação stricto sensu em Ensino de Biologia em Rede Nacional, Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de Biologia, 2019.A sequência didática investigativa é uma importante ferramenta a ser aplicada em sala de aula, uma vez que por meio dela o estudante passa a ser agente do seu aprendizado, utilizando conhecimentos prévios e construindo novos. Sequências didáticas investigativas procuram desenvolver situações nas quais os estudantes expressem seus argumentos, seja de forma escrita ou falada. O estímulo ao raciocínio lógico e às discussões fomentadas pelo professor visam explicar um fenômeno ou tirar uma dúvida a respeito de uma questão. Pensando nisso, buscou-se desenvolver um material de apoio para os professores (as) que atuam no Ensino Médio - Regular ou Ensino de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), abordando temas relacionados à Biotecnologia. Foram desenvolvidas quatro sequências didáticas, as quais foram aplicadas aos estudantes do Centro Educacional 02 do Cruzeiro SEE-DF. Tais sequências e seus respectivos recursos foram: Reconhecer o uso da biotecnologia no seu cotidiano – Filme “Planeta dos Macacos: A Origem”; Elaboração de um protocolo experimental para extração de DNA – Texto de apoio e discussão; Biotecnologia e o desenvolvimento de vacinas – Buscas em sites da internet e discussão em grupo; e Relação entre mutação, síntese proteica e material genético – Uso de Texto de apoio e Jogos. Após a aplicação das sequências didáticas, colheram-se dados a partir da observação do professor (a) e dos relatos dos estudantes a respeito das atividades. Esses relatos e observações permitiram verificar alguns pontos positivos e negativos das estratégias desenvolvidas. Os estudantes avaliaram positivamente a metodologia de ensino por investigação, com o uso de diversas estratégias. Estes também se mostraram animados e participativos nas aulas. Após tais resultados concluímos que as sequências didáticas elaboradas são aplicáveis, úteis e de qualidade, constituindo-se em interessante material de apoio para o professor (a).Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).The investigative didactic sequence is an important tool to be used in the classroom, since this approach turns the student the active agent of his/her learning, by using previous concepts and expanding his/her knowledge about new ones. Investigative didactic sequences aim to develop situations in which students express their arguments, written or spoken. The stimulation of logical thinking, besides the improvement of discussions guided by the teachers intend to explain a phenomenon or clarify doubts about an issue. With this in mind, we developed support materials for teachers who work in the High School - Regular or Teaching of Youth and Adults (EJA), addressing topics related to Biotechnology. Four didactic sequences were developed, which were applied to the students of the Educational Center 02 of Cruzeiro SEE-DF. These sequences and their respective resources were: Recongnition of the biotechnological use in the daily life – Discussion of the movie “Rise of the Planet of the Apes”; Elaboration of an experimental protocol for DNA extraction – Support Text and Discussion; Biotechnology and vaccine development - Web site searches and group discussion; and Relationships among mutation, protein synthesis and genetic material - Use of supporting text and games. After the application of the didactic sequences, data were collected from the teacher's observation and the students' reports about the activities. These reports and observations allowed us to verify the positive and negative aspects of the developed strategies. The students evaluated positively the investigative teaching methodology, employing several strategies. They were also participative, and fully engaged in the different classes. Based on these results, we concluded that the support material developed in this work was applicable, useful and of quality, constituting an interesting additional material for the teachers

Urbanismo mesoamericano pré-colombiano : Teotihuacán

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo, 2008.Partimos do princípio que o traçado urbanístico de uma cidade pode ser lido como um texto que indica a cultura, a concretização do sistema econômico, político e social de um povo, onde relações de poder expressam o controle social do espaço. Esta dissertação de Mestrado verifica a inserção de Teotihuacán no Sistema Mundo Mesoamericano, baseada na "Teoria do Sistema Mundo" de Immanuel Wallerstein, sob o foco do urbanismo e da arquitetura, principal objetivo da presente dissertação. A análise da Super-área Cultural Mesoamérica, serviu como pano de fundo para o estudo das configurações espaciais urbanas da região, priorizando-se a cidade de Teotihuacán, mas também fazendo referências comparativas às cidades de Tula e Chichén-ltzá, observando-se a arquitetura e o urbanismo como fatores de interação cultural. A dissertação também analisa a vida cotidiana, tentando compreender o uso dos espaços público e privado nas cidades mesoamericanas e indagando a respeito de como esse uso interferiu na forma urbana e arquitetônica. _____________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe point at which we started this study establishes that the urban drawing of a city can be understood as something that indicates the culture and also the social, political, and economic structure of a specific population, where human relationships expressed in terms of power are able to point out the social control of a specific city. This master dissertation verifies the insertion of Teotihuacán in the World Mesoamerican System, based on the World-system model of Immanuel Wallerstein, by putting the focus on urbanism and architecture, as its main objective. The analysis of the Cultural Superarea Mesoamerica was used as a backdrop for the study of the urban spatial configurations of specific regions, not only by taking as a priority the analysis of the city of Teotihuacán, but also by making comparative references to Tula and Chichén-ltzá, aiming,at observing.their architecture and urbanism as factors of cultural interaction. This dissertation also analyses the ordinary life in these selected cities, trying to verify how the use of private and public spaces in Mesoamerican cities influenced the final shape of their architectural and urban forms

Historical-Archaeological considerations as elements for a reassessment of Max Weber

De acordo com Max Weber, a ética judaica foi diretamente influenciada pelo desenvolvimento da Torá sacerdotal, na qual os costumes tradicionais de ritual produziram elementos que deram ao judaísmo seu status de pária no mundo. Embora a posição de Weber encontre respaldo na documentação histórica e arqueológica da pesquisa mais moderna, a afirmação do sociólogo de que a posição de povo forasteiro teve por fundamento a impenetrabilidade ritual, ainda na época deuteronômica, é refutada por recentes pesquisas segundo as quais, somente no exílio e pós-exílio, as leis de caráter ritualista e segregacionista foram melhor observadas.According to Max Weber, the Jewish ethics was directly influenced by the development of the Torah, in which traditional customs of ritual produced elements that gave his pariah status of Judaism in the world. Although the position of Weber find support on archaeological and historical documentation of modern research, the sociologist's assertion that the position of people from out of town had based the impenetrability ritual, even at the time of Deuteronomy, is refuted by recent research that only in exile and after exile, the segregationist and ritualistic laws were better observed

O Ecofeminismo e a Teologia Ecofeminista

The term ecofeminism is from the late 1970s, it was coined within social and political movements in France, in order to associate two distinct movements: the ecological movement and the feminist movement. Ecofeminism defends that the oppression of women and the destruction of the planet are interconnected phenomena in which both suffer from violence for domination, for the control of what is different and what resources come from. Among the different strands of ecofeminism, symbolic-constructionist ecofeminism believes that healing the world and ending male/female dualism are the answers to current problems. From a religious perspective on ecofeminism, there are authors who argue that the Old Testament covenant ethic brings a vision of the entire universe as being sacred and, therefore, an object of care. In this sense, there is no man/spirit x woman/physical division, that is, ecofeminism invites us to rethink the symbols of the sacred and think about the world from a new perspective. In Brazil, feminist theologies have developed within social and ecclesiastical movements under the bias of building another mentality in relation to the whole, through the belief in an anthropological unity, which points to a logic of equality between men and women and combating any form of of sexism; moreover, it believes in the deepening of relations between human beings and the other beings of Creation as interdependent beings.El término ecofeminismo es de finales de la década de 1970, fue acuñado dentro de los movimientos sociales y políticos en Francia, con el fin de asociar dos movimientos distintos: el movimiento ecológico y el movimiento feminista. El ecofeminismo defiende que la opresión de la mujer y la destrucción del planeta son fenómenos interconectados en los que ambos sufren violencia por la dominación, por el control de lo diferente y de lo que provienen los recursos. Entre las diferentes corrientes del ecofeminismo, el ecofeminismo simbólico-construccionista cree que sanar el mundo y acabar con el dualismo masculino/femenino son las respuestas a los problemas actuales. Desde una perspectiva religiosa del ecofeminismo, hay autoras que sostienen que la ética de la alianza del Antiguo Testamento trae una visión de todo el universo como algo sagrado y, por lo tanto, objeto de cuidado. En este sentido, no existe la división hombre/espíritu x mujer/físico, es decir, el ecofeminismo invita a repensar los símbolos de lo sagrado y pensar el mundo desde una nueva perspectiva. En Brasil, las teologías feministas se han desarrollado dentro de los movimientos sociales y eclesiásticos bajo el sesgo de construir otra mentalidad en relación con el todo, a través de la creencia en una unidad antropológica, que apunta a una lógica de igualdad entre hombres y mujeres y al combate de cualquier forma de sexismo; además, cree en la profundización de las relaciones entre los seres humanos y los demás seres de la Creación como seres interdependientes.O termo ecofeminismo é do final de 1970, foi cunhado no interior de movimentos sociais e políticos na França, a fim de associar dois movimentos distintos: o movimento ecológico e o feminista. O ecofeminismo defende que a opressão da mulher e a destruição do planeta são fenômenos interligados em que ambos sofrem de violência para a dominação, para o controle do que é diferente e daquilo de onde se provem os recursos. Entre as diferentes vertentes do ecofeminismo, o ecofeminismo simbólico-construcionista acredita que a cura do mundo e o fim do dualismo homem/mulher são as respostas para os problemas atuais. Sob uma perspectiva religiosa acerca do ecofeminismo, há autores que defendem que a ética da aliança do Antigo Testamento traz uma visão do universo inteiro como sendo sagrado e, portanto, objeto de cuidado. Neste sentido, não há a divisão homem/espirito x mulher/físico, ou seja, o ecofeminismo nos convida a repensar os símbolos do sagrado e pensar o mundo sobre uma nova perspectiva. No Brasil, as teologias feministas se desenvolveram dentro dos movimentos sociais e eclesiais sob o viés de construir outra mentalidade em relação ao todo, por meio da crença em uma unidade antropológica, que aponta para uma lógica da igualdade entre homens e mulheres e combatendo qualquer forma de sexismo; além disso, crê no aprofundamento das relações entre os seres humanos e os demais seres da Criação como seres interdependentes

Evaluation by Means of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of the Transport of Phosphate Ions through a Heterogeneous Anion-Exchange Membrane at Different pH and Electrolyte Concentration

[EN] Electrodialysis is an innovative technique to reclaim phosphates from municipal wastewater. However, chemical reactions accompany the transport of these ions through ion-exchange membranes. The present study investigates the dependence of these phenomena on the initial pH and concentration of the phosphate-containing solution using a heterogeneous anion-exchange membrane. Linear sweep voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and chronopotentiometry experiments were conducted for different phosphate-containing systems. For the most diluted solution, two limiting current densities (i(lim)) have been observed for pH 5 and 7.2, while only one i(lim) for pH 10, and correlated with the appearance of Gerischer arcs in EIS spectra. For pH 7.2, sub-arcs of Gerischer impedance were separated by a loop, indicating the involvement of the membrane functional groups. Increasing the phosphate concentration changed the system's characteristics, reporting a single i(lim). In the EIS spectra, the absence of Gerischer elements determined the attenuation of chemical reactions, followed by the development of a diffusion boundary layer, as indicated by the finite-length Warburg arcs. Chronopotentiometry clarified the mass transport mechanism responsible for distorting the diffusion boundary layer thickness at lower concentrations. The obtained results are expected to contribute to the phosphates recovery using electrodialysis in the most varied conditions of pH and concentration available in the environment.This research was funded by the Brazilian research funding agencies Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior¿CAPES (88882.345780/2010-01), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico¿CNPq (203277/2019-8 and CNPq/BRICS-STI-2-442229/2017-8), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul FAPERGS (21/2551-0002145-4) and Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos -FINEP. International financial support from the Ibero-American Program on Science and Technology for Development (CYTED), RFBR (No. 18-58-80031), DST (DST/IMRCD/BRICS/PC2/From waste to resources/2018 (G)), NSFC (51861145313) and NRF (No: 116020) are also received.Rotta, EH.; Martí Calatayud, MC.; Pérez-Herranz, V.; Moura Bernardes, A. (2023). Evaluation by Means of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of the Transport of Phosphate Ions through a Heterogeneous Anion-Exchange Membrane at Different pH and Electrolyte Concentration. Water. 15(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/w1501000915

Os diversos grupos matrizes formadores do povo de Israel

O artigo apresenta a discussão sobre as teorias e modelos para a formação do povo de Israel. Começa pelas hipóteses sobre o modo e o lugar onde se formou Israel. Passa para as opiniões sobre o tempo quando se formou Israel. E se concentra na apresentação da teoria sobre os quatro principais grupamentos que contribuíram para a formação de Israel, a saber, patriarcal (nômade pastoril), êxodo do Egito (seminômade pastoril), monte Sinai (nômade pastoril) e protoisraelitas de Canaã (sedentários e seminômades), pela perspectiva mais aceita de estudos atuais. A hipótese dominante para toda essa discussão é a variedade de suposições. Multifacetada é a palavra que qualifica a formação do povo de Israel. As diversas hipóteses buscam explicar o texto bíblico, com apoio dos documentos do Antigo Oriente Médio e das descobertas arqueológicas da região. O artigo segue a metodologia da revisão bibliográfica em diálogo com os diversos autores, para uma apresentação didática do conjunto de suposições. Como resultado, visa apresentar uma visão de conjunto sobre os inícios da história do povo de Israel

Electrochemical treatment of a graphitic forging lubricant effluent: The effect of chloride concentration and current density

The graphite removal and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction by the electrochemical treatment of an effluent containing a lubricant (oil in water emulsion with graphite) was investigated. The electrochemical cell used a pair of aluminum plates. Since the effluent conductivity was very low, NaCl was used as supporting electrolyte and different current densities as well as different distance between the electrodes were applied. In lower current densities, higher chloride concentrations implied in smaller COD values. The same behavior was observed when electrode distance was decreased. All the tested conditions presented significant graphite removal and COD reductions larger than 94%GKN Driveline Brazil is gratefully acknowledged for all the financial support and material given to the execution of this paper. Also, Capes, FAPERGS, CNPq, and Cyted are thanked for their financial support.Borsa, MB.; Jungblut, R.; Pérez-Herranz, V.; Müller, L.; Moura Bernardes, A.; Bergmann, C. (2016). Electrochemical treatment of a graphitic forging lubricant effluent: The effect of chloride concentration and current density. Separation Science and Technology. 51(1):126-134. doi:10.1080/01496395.2015.1086799S12613451

Evaluation of mass transfer behaviour of sulfamethoxazole species at ion–exchange membranes by chronopotentiometry for electrodialytic processes

Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support given by Ministerio de Universidades de España (European Union – Next Generation EU) and CNPq (grant numbers 408282/2018-5 and 117290/2021-1). This study was also financed by Grant RTI2018-101341-B-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)In recent years, electrodialysis has been often considered as an appropriate method to treat industrial and/or municipal wastewater containing pharmaceutically active compounds. However, the scarcity of information on the ion transport mechanisms through the membranes, especially concerning occurrence of possible sorption phenomena, has limited the process implementation in practice. The present work aims to evaluate, by chronopotentiometry, the transport of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) through a cation- (CEM) and anion-exchange membrane (AEM) using synthetic solutions at different concentrations (0.001–0.1 g/L) and pH conditions (1.6 for CEM and 9 for AEM). The dominant mechanism of mass transfer under overlimiting current conditions at each membrane/solution system was determined. The potential drop profile measured during and after application of current pulses, as well as the transition times obtained from the curves, showed that sorption occurs at/in both membranes, especially for the AEM. Besides, this phenomenon was reversible for the CEM and irreversible for the AEM under the conditions evaluated herein. The chronopotentiograms of the AEM showed that the intense occurrence of water dissociation with the most diluted solution caused chemical equilibrium shifts in the membrane/electrolyte system, leading to formation of neutral SMX species that can impair the electrodialysis performance. The results obtained are useful for optimizing the electrodialytic treatment of SMX-containing solutions as well as of other compounds with similar physicochemical properties.publishersversionpublishe

Misogyny in brazilian federal government agencies for science and high-education

The transformation of women’s role in society has been systematically studied. Numerous authors point out that among the factors of extreme relevance to this fact, the main is the increased presence of women in the formal job market. Researches also reveal that the increase in quantity is not reflected equally in all productive sectors nor the egalitarian occupation of high hierarchical positions. The present study aimed to analyze how the presence of women, especially in leadership positions, has evolved at the Brazilian Federal Agency for the Support and Evaluation of Postgraduate Education (CAPES) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) over the last 20 years. For these analyzes, surveys were conducted in the people management systems of the Brazilian Federal Public Administration. The initial hypothesis was that female attendance had increased in both the total number of female servants and in management and auxiliary positions, known as DAS in Brazil; however, evidence shows that women reduced overall agency presence, especially in the number of female Analysts occupying DAS positions. These results indicate that the misogyny observed in the academic sphere of the Brazilian National Postgraduate and Science, Technology, and Innovation systems are replicated in the politic-bureaucratic sphere that manages and sponsors these systems