Avaliação dos benefícios da psicomotricidade na educação infantil

Introdução: O presente estudo trata-se de um artigo de revisão literária que discorre sobre a psicomotricidade na Educação Infantil. São apontados os benefícios e as contribuições da psicomotricidade em crianças. Objetivo: Avaliar os benefícios da psicomotricidade nas aulas de Educação Física na Educação Infantil. Materiais e Métodos: Este trabalho foi realizado por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica feita em artigos, revistas e livros, qualificando-o como um trabalho do tipo exploratório. Revisão da Literatura: Atualmente, a psicomotricidade é reconhecida como a integração dos aspectos motores, mentais e emocionais. Como resultado da relação entre a criança e o meio é uma estratégia e recurso na concretização da consciência corporal (FONSECA, 1998). Jean Le Boulch (1987), foi um dos pioneiros na aplicação da educação psicomotora nas aulas de educação física e afirma que a psicomotricidade educativa nasceu na França, em 1966. No Brasil, considera-se que a psicomotricidade foi verdadeiramente difundida no ano de 1968. Segundo Le Boulch (1987), no processo escolar a educação pelo movimento é essencial, visto que seu objetivo principal é auxiliar no desenvolvimento motor da criança. Considerações Finais: Este estudo concluiu que a psicomotricidade é essencial para o desenvolvimento global da criança, porém é pouco utilizada pelos professores de Educação Física

Ocean acidification reduces transfer of essential biomolecules in a natural plankton community

Ocean acidification (OA), a process of increasing seawater acidity caused by the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2) by the ocean, is expected to change surface ocean pH to levels unprecedented for millions of years, affecting marine food web structures and trophic interactions. Using an in situ mesocosm approach we investigated effects of OA on community composition and trophic transfer of essential fatty acids (FA) in a natural plankton assemblage. Elevated pCO 2 favored the smallest phytoplankton size class in terms of biomass, primarily picoeukaryotes, at the expense of chlorophyta and haptophyta in the nano-plankton size range. This shift in community composition and size structure was accompanied by a decline in the proportion of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) to total FA content in the nano- and picophytoplankton size fractions. This decline was mirrored in a continuing reduction in the relative PUFA content of the dominant copepod, Calanus finmarchicus, which primarily fed on the nano-size class. Our results demonstrate that a shift in phytoplankton community composition and biochemical composition in response to rising CO 2 can affect the transfer of essential compounds to higher trophic levels, which rely on their prey as a source for essential macromolecules

Primary producers and future ocean scenarios : effect of environmental change on biomolecular composition of phytoplankton and transference to higher trophic levels

An increasing body of research emphasizes that various biological processes in marine organisms are affected due to the uptake of anthropogenic atmospheric CO2 by the ocean in a process termed as ocean acidification (OA). The magnitude and direction of OA effects varies greatly among species and genotypes, highlighting different capabilities to adapt to increasing CO2. Direct OA impacts can be expected in the biochemical and elemental composition of primary producers (PP), which may be transferred to higher trophic levels, while indirect impacts can derive from altered trophic interactions as OA can modify plankton community composition. Fatty acids (FA) are the main component of lipids and cell membranes, with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) having additional important physiological and metabolic roles. Phytoplankton is the main source of essential biomolecules for heterotrophs as they cannot synthesize them de novo. Transference of organic essential macromolecules, in particular PUFA from phytoplankton-to-zooplankton-to-fish is a key factor influencing the life cycle of many organisms including humans. In the present work was investigated how OA influences the food quality of primary producers in terms of their fatty acid makeup at specie and community level, and how these OA-driven changes in the algae affect the fatty acid profile and life cycle of consumers. A combination of short- and long-term experiments on individual algal species, interaction between a single primary producer and one consumer, and natural plankton communities encompassing several producers and consumers were conducted in laboratory and natural conditions. In the short-term experiments at species level, the first and second laboratory study showed that CO2 can affect the biochemical composition of the diatoms Thalassiosira pseudonana and Cylindrotheca fusiformis, reducing their PUFA content; additionally the second diatom showed a reduced amount of amino acids. The interaction between a single primary producer and one consumer showed that when T. pseudonana cultured under high CO2 was used to feed the copepod Acartia tonsa, it affected their FA composition, severely impaired development and egg production rates. This demonstrated that a direct OA-driven shift in algal food quality can influence the reproduction success of upper trophic levels. At the community level, the third study conducted in a North Sea natural plankton assemblage subjected to a CO2 gradient showed that OA can modify phytoplankton community structures by favoring small phytoplankton cells with a comparatively low PUFA content. This community shift reduced PUFA content in primary producers was linked to a gradual PUFA decline in the dominant copepod species Calanus finmarchicus. In contrary, the fourth study revealed that the natural plankton community of the Baltic Sea experienced small differences in the algal community composition between CO2 treatments. The PUFA profile of the PP was influenced by phosphorus availability in the mesocosms, which was reflected by the PUFA composition of the copepod Acartia tonsa and Eurytemora affinis, but showed no significant CO2-related changes. This indicates that OA can affect the plankton community composition and its associated PUFA content, however this effect is lower in environments where communities are exposed to natural occurring high CO2 fluctuations like in the Baltic Sea, and that other essential nutrients have a stronger influence in the algal FA profile when present in limited amounts. In the long term experiments at species level, the fourth study determined that the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium sp. cultured over a thousand generations at high CO2 conditions showed a change in their FA content and composition. The FA profile of both algae presented a differentiate adaptation to high CO2 and particularly PUFA, which have metabolic functions in the cells, displayed evidence of adaptive evolution in both algae. These results highlight the diversity of OA responses among single plankton species and communities and that changes in biomolecular composition at the base of the marine food web are transferred to primary consumers. The thesis also highlights that the magnitude and direction of CO2-effects likely depends on the CO2 conditions and fluctuations the organisms are adapted to

Ética e liderança nas organizações

Para que as organizações possam competir em escala global é necessário que atendam a um maior número de stakeholders, adotando condutas empresariais éticas exigidas nos padrões mundiais, como cumprimento das leis, transparência nas operações e preocupação com a qualidade de suas relações sócioorganizacionais. O presente trabalho tem como intuito mostrar os benefícios da adoção de práticas empresariais éticas para as empresas. O objetivo geral é relacionar as práticas empresariais éticas com o exercício da liderança nas organizações. No trabalho se encontram descritos conceitos de ética, os estilos de liderança e indicadores de práticas éticas profissionais. A maior dificuldade para a realização deste trabalho foi contornar a subjetividade dos conceitos apresentados, de forma a poder utilizá-los nas organizações através de ações práticas. No trabalho, os estudos de casos foram realizados com empresas brasileiras e estrangeiras de modo a abranger diferentes realidades organizacionais. Apoiando-se no referencial teórico o estudo de caso apontou as similaridades e diferenças referentes aos estilos de liderança, e os resultados obtidos pelas empresas com a adoção das práticas empresariais éticas

Effect of ocean acidification on the structure and fatty acid composition of a natural plankton community in the Baltic Sea

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is changing seawater chemistry towards reduced pH, which consequently affects various properties of marine organisms. Coastal and brackish water communities are expected to be less affected by ocean acidification (OA) as these communities are typically adapted to high fluctuations in CO2 and pH. Here we investigate the response of a coastal brackish water plankton community to increasing CO2 levels as projected for the coming decades and the end of this century in terms of community and biochemical fatty acid (FA) composition. A Baltic Sea plankton community was enclosed in a set of off-shore mesocosms and subjected to a CO2 gradient ranging from natural concentrations (~347 μatm pCO2) up to values projected for the year 2100 (~1333 μatm pCO2). We show that the phytoplankton community composition was resilient to CO2 and did not diverge between the treatments. Seston FA composition was influenced by community composition, which in turn was driven by silicate and phosphate limitation in the mesocosms, and showed no difference between the CO2 treatments. These results suggest that CO2 effects are dampened in coastal communities that already experience high natural fluctuations in pCO2. Although this coastal plankton community was tolerant to high pCO2 levels, hypoxia and CO2 uptake by the sea can aggravate acidification and may lead to pH changes outside the currently experienced range for coastal organisms

hCOA3 stabilizes COX1 and promotes cytochrome c oxidase assembly in human mitochondria

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) or complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain plays a fundamental role in energy production of aerobic cells. In humans, COX deficiency is the most frequent cause of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Human COX is composed of 13 subunits of dual genetic origin, whose assembly requires an increasing number of nuclear-encoded accessory proteins known as assembly factors. Here, we have identified and characterized human CCDC56, an 11.7-kDa mitochondrial transmembrane protein, as a new factor essential for COX biogenesis. CCDC56 shares sequence similarity with the yeast COX assembly factor Coa3 and was termed hCOA3. hCOA3-silenced cells display a severe COX functional alteration owing to a decreased stability of newly synthesized COX1 and an impairment in the holoenzyme assembly process. We show that hCOA3 physically interacts with both the mitochondrial translation machinery and COX structural subunits. We conclude that hCOA3 stabilizes COX1 co-translationally and promotes its assembly with COX partner subunits. Finally, our results identify hCOA3 as a new candidate when screening for genes responsible for mitochondrial diseases associated with COX deficiency

Optimization of video monitoring of fish for reef assessment and management

Underwater video recordings provide a panoramic window into aquatic ecosystems. Camera technologies are rapidly advancing and become increasingly popular in ecological studies. However, to allow optimal use of these techniques, scientifically underbuilt methodologies are key. To this end, during a sampling campaign in 2017, reef fish were monitored via different setups of GoPro cameras at 10 sites in Santa Cruz and Floreana islands of the Galapagos Archipelago. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of scale, tides, camera setups, duration, repetitions as well as (number of) persons involved in snorkeling. Based on numerical analysis, an optimal approach was developed in order to maximize the reliability, repeatability and efficiency of fish monitoring

Impactos, efectos y visiones de las autoridades fronterizas, frente a la pospandemia Covid-19

The objective of this study is the analysis of public policies after the Covid-19 pandemic on the Colombian / Venezuelan border: Maicao, Colombia - Paraguachón, Guajira Municipality, Venezuela, carrying out a brief examination of the need for specific state measures, after the Current pandemic transition resulting from a virus or infectious disease that appeared since December 2019, which causes various symptoms and pathologies, even lethal, causing the death of countless people in the world. The research is defined from a postpositivist, qualitative, documentary, bibliographic type methodology, based on a prospective view of the subject matter. It is concluded, on the one hand, in the enormous attention that is required from the Statesinvolved, through a stable, consolidated health system and a novel employment regime, and on the other, in the need for citizen awarenessthat leads to self-care and care of others. starting from precise biosecurity measures, without neglecting the need for an efficient vaccine that prevents the continuity of the coronavirus in time and space; all of which must be oriented from the vision of comprehensive public policies in health.El objetivo de este estudio es el análisis de las políticas públicas pospandemia Covid-19 en la frontera colombo/venezolana: Maicao, Colombia – Paraguachón, Municipio Guajira, Venezuela, realizando un sucinto examen acerca de la necesidad de medidas estatales concretas, después de la transición pandémica actual devenida de un virus o ‎enfermedad infecciosa aparecida desde diciembre del 2019, que ocasiona síntomas y patologías diversas, incluso letales, derivando en muerte de innumerables personas en el mundo. La investigación se define desde una metodología pospositivista, cualitativa, de tipodocumental, bibliográfica, a partir de una visión prospectiva del asunto tratado. Se concluye, por un lado, en la ingente atención que se requiere de los Estados involucrados, a través de un sistema de salud estable, consolidado, y un novedoso régimen de empleo, y por otro en la necesidad de la concienciación ciudadana que lleve al cuidado propio y de los demás a partir de medidas de bioseguridad precisas, sin desdeñar la necesidad de una vacuna eficiente que impida la continuidad del coronavirus en el tiempo y espacio; todo lo cual ha de ser orientado desde la visión de políticas públicas integrales en materia de salud