Estimating Space-Dependent Coefficients for 1D Transport Using Gaussian Processes as State Estimator in the Frequency Domain

This letter presents a method to estimate the space-dependent transport coefficients (diffusion, convection, reaction, and source/sink) for a generic scalar transport model, e.g., heat or mass. As the problem is solved in the frequency domain, the complex valued state as a function of the spatial variable is estimated using Gaussian process regression. The resulting probability density function of the state, together with a semi-discretization of the model, and a linear parameterization of the coefficients are used to determine the maximum likelihood solution for these space-dependent coefficients. The proposed method is illustrated by simulations

Toiminimen kirjanpito

Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli selvittää mitä osaamista tarvitaan toiminimen kirjanpidon toteuttamiseen. Työn toimeksiantajana toimi tamperelainen hyvinvointialan yrittäjä, joka ei ole toiminnastaan alv-velvollinen. Työn tarkoituksena oli kouluttaa tekijä peruskirjanpidon hoitamiseen. Tarkoituksena oli, että toimeksiantajan kirjanpito sekä veroilmoituksen täyttäminen ovat vuodesta 2017 eteenpäin opinnäytetyön tekijän vastuulla. Työn teoriaosuudessa keskityttiin kirjanpidollisiin peruskäsitteisiin toimeksiantajan elinkeinotoiminnan luonne huomioiden. Verotuksen osuudessa keskityttiin yritystulon verottamiseen yleensä ja esiteltiin ammatinharjoittajan veroilmoitus siltä osin, kun se toimeksiantajan yritystoiminta huomioiden oli tarpeellista. Sen lisäksi, että tekijä perehdytti itsensä alusta alkaen kirjanpidon maailmaan, teki työstä työlään erityisesti edellisvuosien kirjanpitomateriaaliin tutustuminen, sopivan kirjanpito-ohjelman etsiminen ja juoksevan kirjanpidon suorittaminen. Opinnäyteyön tavoite toteutui, sillä työn tekijällä on nyt tarvittava osaaminen kirjanpito-ohjelman käyttämiseen sekä juoksevan kirjanpidon hoitamiseen. Kirjanpidollisiin perusasioihin keskittyminen oli työn tavoitteen toteutumisen kannalta tärkeää, sillä perustietoja kirjanpidosta tekijällä ei juurikaan ennestään ollut. Toimeksiantajan kirjanpito on tällä hetkellä toteutettuna Tappio kirjanpito-ohjelmaa käyttäen elokuun 2017 loppuun asti. Opinnäytetyön liitteenä on Tappio-ohjelmasta poimitut tuloslaskelma ja tase. Kirjaukset perustavat tapahtumiin, jotka ovat muodostuneet 31.8.2017 mennessä. Opinnäytetyötä varten lukuja on muunnettu. Työ ei suinkaan lopu raportin palauttamiseen. Juoksevaa kirjanpitoa jatketaan loppuvuoden osalta ja tilinpäätös tulee toteuttaa vuoden 2018 alussa todellisia tilikauden lukuja käyttäen. Toimeksiantaja on myös ulkoistanut veroilmoituksen täyttämisen tämän työn tekijälle. Prosessin myötä tekijän osaaminen toiminimen kirjanpidon hoitamiseen on kohonnut ammattimaiselle tasolle, joten kirjanpitopalvelua voi jatkossa tarjota myös muille toiminimiyrittäjille. Tekijä jatkaa osaamisen kartoitusta tutustumalla alv-kirjauksiin.The purpose of this thesis was to find out what skills are required to perform the accounting for a sole trader. The commissioner was a welfare entrepreneur who practices business in Tampere. The business is not liable to pay value added tax. The aim of the thesis was to give the author the capability to perform the commissioner´s accounting independently in the future. The theoretical part of the thesis focused on the basic bookkeeping concepts considering the nature of the commissioner´s business. The taxation section focused on the business income, and the tax return was presented, as it is necessary for the commissioner´s business. An essential part of the work process was to familiarize with the accounting material of the previous years, to find a suitable accounting program, and to perform the current bookkeeping. The author is now capable of using the accounting program and keeping the accounts until preparing the income statement and balance sheet. Thus the goal of the thesis was reached. The routine bookkeeping continues and the financial statements will be prepared at the end of the year. The author will also complete the tax return for the financial year of 2017. Because of the professional development, the author can provide bookkeeping services to other welfare entrepreneurs, too

Low-power operation using self-timed circuits and adaptive scaling of the supply voltage

Recent research has demonstrated that for certain types of applications like sampled audio systems, self-timed circuits can achieve very low power consumption, because unused circuit parts automatically turn into a stand-by mode. Additional savings may be obtained by combining the self-timed circuits with a mechanism that adaptively adjusts the supply voltage to the smallest possible, while maintaining the performance requirements. This paper describes such a mechanism, analyzes the possible power savings, and presents a demonstrator chip that has been fabricated and tested. The idea of voltage scaling has been used previously in synchronous circuits, and the contributions of the present paper are: 1) the combination of supply scaling and self-timed circuitry which has some unique advantages, and 2) the thorough analysis of the power savings that are possible using this technique

Compiling the language Balsa to delay insensitive hardware

A silicon compiler, Balsa-c, has been developed for the automatic synthesis of asynchronous, delay-insensitive circuits from the language Balsa. Balsa is derived from CSP with similar language constructs and a single-bit granularity type system. Balsa compiles to intermediate handshake circuits by an extended form of the com-pilation function used in the Tangram system.The handshake circuitsare subsequently mapped to CMOS implementations of 4-phase bundled-data asynchronous circuits by a suite of parameterised component-generating scripts within the Cadence design framework

LPMLE3 : a novel 1-D approach to study water flow in streambeds using heat as a tracer

We introduce LPMLE3, a new 1-D approach to quantify vertical water flow components at streambeds using temperature data collected in different depths. LPMLE3 solves the partial differential equation for coupled water flow and heat transport in the frequency domain. Unlike other 1-D approaches it does not assume a semi-infinite halfspace with the location of the lower boundary condition approaching infinity. Instead, it uses local upper and lower boundary conditions. As such, the streambed can be divided into finite subdomains bound at the top and bottom by a temperature-time series. Information from a third temperature sensor within each subdomain is then used for parameter estimation. LPMLE3 applies a low order local polynomial to separate periodic and transient parts (including the noise contributions) of a temperature-time series and calculates the frequency response of each subdomain to a known temperature input at the streambed top. A maximum-likelihood estimator is used to estimate the vertical component of water flow, thermal diffusivity, and their uncertainties for each streambed subdomain and provides information regarding model quality. We tested the method on synthetic temperature data generated with the numerical model STRIVE and demonstrate how the vertical flow component can be quantified for field data collected in a Belgian stream. We show that by using the results in additional analyses, nonvertical flow components could be identified and by making certain assumptions they could be quantified for each subdomain. LPMLE3 performed well on both simulated and field data and can be considered a valuable addition to the existing 1-D methods

Phenolic compounds and related enzymes as determinants of sorghum for food use

Phenolic compounds and related enzymes such as phenol biosynthesizing enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase) and phenol catabolizing enzymes (polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase) are determinants for sorghum utilization as human food because they influence product properties during and after sorghum processing. Phenolic compounds are quality-grade markers for the preparation of several foods because of enzyme inhibitory activities, color, or antioxidant activities. Large inter-varietal differences in contents of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activities among sorghum varieties exist. Moreover, some red sorghum varieties have higher antioxidant activities than the most important sources of natural antioxidants. Oxidation products of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase (benzoquinones and polymeric compounds) affect food quality. This paper reviews the current advances in phenolic compounds and phenolic enzymes in sorghum as human food, with emphasis on nutritional and health aspects. The suitability of sorghum varieties for food and beverages is discussed

Automating Agential Reasoning: Proof-Calculi and Syntactic Decidability for STIT Logics

This work provides proof-search algorithms and automated counter-model extraction for a class of STIT logics. With this, we answer an open problem concerning syntactic decision procedures and cut-free calculi for STIT logics. A new class of cut-free complete labelled sequent calculi G3LdmL^m_n, for multi-agent STIT with at most n-many choices, is introduced. We refine the calculi G3LdmL^m_n through the use of propagation rules and demonstrate the admissibility of their structural rules, resulting in auxiliary calculi Ldm^m_nL. In the single-agent case, we show that the refined calculi Ldm^m_nL derive theorems within a restricted class of (forestlike) sequents, allowing us to provide proof-search algorithms that decide single-agent STIT logics. We prove that the proof-search algorithms are correct and terminate

Substrate binding tunes the reactivity of hispidin 3-hydroxylase, a flavoprotein monooxygenase involved in fungal bioluminescence

Fungal bioluminescence was recently shown to depend on a unique oxygen-dependent system of several enzymes. However, the identities of the enzymes did not reveal the full biochemical details of this process, as the enzymes do not bear resemblance to those of other luminescence systems, and thus the properties of the enzymes involved in this fascinating process are still unknown. Here, we describe the characterization of the penultimate enzyme in the pathway, hispidin 3-hydroxylase, from the luminescent fungus Mycena chlorophos (McH3H), which catalyzes the conversion of hispidin to 3-hydroxyhispidin. 3-Hydroxyhispidin acts as a luciferin substrate in luminescent fungi. McH3H was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography with a yield of 100 mg/liter. McH3H was found to be a single component monomeric NAD(P)H-dependent FAD-containing monooxygenase having a preference for NADPH. Through site-directed mutagenesis, based on a modeled structure, mutant enzymes were created that are more efficient with NADH. Except for identifying the residues that tune cofactor specificity, these engineered variants may also help in developing new hispidin-based bioluminescence applications. We confirmed that addition of hispidin to McH3H led to the formation of 3-hydroxyhispidin as sole aromatic product. Rapid kinetic analysis revealed that reduction of the flavin cofactor by NADPH is boosted by hispidin binding by nearly 100-fold. Similar to other class A flavoprotein hydroxylases, McH3H did not form a stable hydroperoxyflavin intermediate. These data suggest a mechanism by which the hydroxylase is tuned for converting hispidin into the fungal luciferin.</p