Quantifying Surface Water and Groundwater Interactions in a High-Gradient Mountain Stream for Solute Transport

A study reach in a mountain stream highly influenced by groundwater was selected to test common data collection strategies used to characterize and quantify groundwater exchange processes necessary to predict solute transport. The data types collected include: high frequency discharge estimates with the use of rating curves, dilution gauging techniques with instantaneous tracer experiments, groundwater table and stream water surface elevations, vertical head gradients, and hydraulic conductivity estimates. The first two data types were categorized as stream gauging and the remaining three data types as site characterization. The stream gauging data were used to quantify net changes in stream discharge at a reach scale with rating curve predictions and dilution gauging. Each method resulted in opposite net changes at this scale. An error analysis regarding rating curve predictions and dilution gauging suggested that neither method detected groundwater exchange at this scale due to discharge estimates being statistically the same. The error in rating curve predictions was estimated using a 95% joint confidence region of model parameters and the error in dilution gauging was estimated using a first order error analysis. Dilution gauging was also performed at a sub-reach scale to quantify net changes and indicated the groundwater exchange was highly spatially variable, which was not concluded at the reach scale. To quantify a water balance more representative of the exchanges occurring, gross gains and gross losses were quantified by measuring tracer mass recoveries and were found to occur in every sub-reach. However, the error analysis concluded that nearly half of the changes were not significant, which emphasized the importance of quantifying error in stream gauging techniques used to understand surface water-groundwater interactions. The site characterization data were used to test and verify the water balance results by providing information regarding general trends and spatial variability of surface water-groundwater interactions. This study proved that one data type is not adequate to clearly characterize and quantify surface water-groundwater interactions and researchers must exercise caution when interpreting results from different data types at varying spatial scales

GODDESS IN THE GREENWOOD: THe GIRLS OF CAMP KOCH

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Indiana University, Folklore and Ethnomusicology, 2014Worldview, myth, and the 1960's come together in a song, ritual, and legend corpus preserved in oral transmission, central to an Indiana Girl Scout camp's cultural production. As Levi-Strauss disciple Lee Drummond would term it, Camp Henry F. Koch formed the identities of a dozen or more successful women still in supportive contact fifty years later. Primitive camping as wilderness therapy moved the camp community into communion with the Goddess Natura. Arriving solo, for unit-based camping, each camper assumed the role of Vladimir Propp's mission-centered folktale heroine. The role of supernatural gift-giver, such as Baba Yaga, was the counselors' to play. A traditional camp song, "Magalena Hagalena," typifies the residual force -- archetype in the Jungian sense -- that elevated and ennobled the social and emotional lives of adolescent girls. One of them reported liberation from something resembling Asperger's syndrome

Being and Seeming in Books I and II of Plato’s Republic and in the “Tale of Abu Kir and Abu Sir” of the Thousand Nights and a Night

Being and seeming have to do with the way perception affects justice in both the works compared. One approaches the matter from a theoretical basis, and the other is in itself a demonstration of how justice interacts with being and seeming, the issues of reputation and reality. With both works there is an understanding that there is a “real” reality underlying the everyday reality. Both show the power of perception in shaping destiny, and the unhappy fate of the just man who seems to be unjust,compared with the unjust man who seems to be just. Both use supernatural intervention to vindicate the just man, although in the “Tale of Abu Kir and Abu Sir” the witness factor of the folk also belatedly comes to his defense. The works compared have come to identical conclusions independently of each other