A new infrared band in the Interstellar and Circumstellar Clouds: C_4 or C_4H?

We report on the detection with the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) of a molecular band at 57.5 microns (174 cm^{-1}) in carbon-rich evolved stars and in Sgr B2. Taking into account the chemistry of these objects the most likelihood carrier is a carbon chain. We tentatively assign the band to the nu_5 bending mode of C_4 for which a wavenumber of 170-172.4 cm^{-1} has been derived in matrix experiments (Withey et al. 1991). An alternate carrier might be C_4H, although the frequency of its lowest energy vibrational bending mode, nu_7, is poorly known (130-226 cm^{-1}). If the carrier is C_4, the derived maximum abundance is nearly similar to that found for C_3 in the interstellar and circumstellar media by Cernicharo, Goicoechea & Caux (2000). Hence, tetra-atomic carbon could be one of the most abundant carbon chain molecules in these media.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, accepted in ApJ Letter

A kinetic formulation for multidimensional scalar conservation laws with boundary conditions and applications

International audienceWe state a kinetic formulation of weak entropy solutions of a general multidimensional scalar conservation law with initial and boundary conditions. We first associate with any weak entropy solution a entropy defect measure; the analysis of this measure at the boundary of the domain relies on the study of weak entropy sub and supersolutions and implies the introduction of the notion of sided boundary defect measures. As a first application, we prove that any weak entropy subsolution of the initial-boundary value problem is bounded above by any weak entropy supersolution (Comparison Theorem). We next study a BGK-like kinetic model that approximates the scalar conservation law. We prove that such a model converges by adapting the proof of the Comparison Theorem

Existence of weak solutions for the generalized Navier-Stokes equations with damping

In this work we consider the generalized Navier-Stokes equations with the presence of a damping term in the momentum equation. The problem studied here derives from the set of equations which govern isothermal flows of incompressible and homogeneous non-Newtonian fluids. For the generalized Navier-Stokes problem with damping, we prove the existence of weak solutions by using regularization techniques, the theory of monotone operators and compactness arguments together with the local decomposition of the pressure and the Lipschitz-truncation method. The existence result proved here holds for any and any sigma > 1, where q is the exponent of the diffusion term and sigma is the exponent which characterizes the damping term.MCTES, Portugal [SFRH/BSAB/1058/2010]; FCT, Portugal [PTDC/MAT/110613/2010]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The 2009 edition of the GEISA spectroscopic database

The updated 2009 edition of the spectroscopic database GEISA (Gestionet Etudedes Informations Spectroscopiques Atmospheriques ; Management and Study of Atmospheric Spectroscopic Information) is described in this paper. GEISA is a computer-accessible system comprising three independent sub-databases devoted, respectively, to: line parameters, infrared and ultraviolet/visible absorption cross-sections, microphysical and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols. In this edition, 50 molecules are involved in the line parameters sub-database, including 111 isotopologues, for a total of 3,807,997 entries, in the spectral range from 10-6 to 35,877.031cm-1. GEISA, continuously developed and maintained at LMD (Laboratoirede Meteorologie Dynamique, France) since 1976, is implemented on the IPSL/CNRS(France) ‘‘Ether’’ Products and Services Centre WEB site (http://ether.ipsl.jussieu.fr), where all archived spectroscopic data can be handled through general and user friendly associated managements of software facilities. More than 350 researchers are registered for online use of GEISA

The Need for Laboratory Measurements and Ab Initio Studies to Aid Understanding of Exoplanetary Atmospheres

Laboratory astrophysics and astrochemistr

Frequency and intensity analyses of the far infrared nu(5) band system of Cyanogen (C(2)N(2)) and applications to Titan.

The far infrared spectrum of cyanogen has been studied at high resolution to improve the rotational analysis of the ν5 band system around 234 cm−1. Present in the sample in natural abundances, both isotopologues N13CCN and 15NCCN have also been studied. The weak ν4–ν5 difference band centered at 270 cm−1 has been studied for the first time. On the basis of a global rovibrational analysis limited to the ν2, ν4, and ν5 modes, energy levels up to 2300 cm−1 have been considered to contribute to the overall spectrum intensity at room temperature leading to a new line list of 196,994 lines. The line intensity prediction has been used to correct previous line intensity measurements by taking into account line mixing. A new vibrational transition moment has been deduced and compared to new band intensity measurements obtained by low resolution studies which are also presented in this paper. The agreement between both approaches is very good and rules out the apparent disagreement between line intensity and band intensity measurements observed in the past. An intensity study of 15NCCN is also proposed here thanks to the availability of a pure sample. Those results open the way to the search for isotopologues of cyanogen in Titan's atmosphere

Measured integrated band intensities and simulated line-by-line spectra for (C2HD)-C-12 between 25 and 2.5 mu m, and new global vibration-rotation parameters for the bending vibrations

The global analysis of published high-resolution vibration-rotation spectra of (C2HD)-C-12 in the bending spectral range is presented, resulting in an extension of the known vibration-rotation assignments, including a new band 2v(4)+v(5)<- 2v(4) ((1)Pi <-Delta). Experimental integrated band intensities are reported in the range from 25 to 2.5 mu m, and both v(4) and v(5) bending fundamentals are simulated line by line. An extensive line list is produced in the bending energy range, to supply previously missing information in databases. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

A phase-field model of grain boundary motion

summary:We consider a phase-field model of grain structure evolution, which appears in materials sciences. In this paper we study the grain boundary motion model of Kobayashi-Warren-Carter type, which contains a singular diffusivity. The main objective of this paper is to show the existence of solutions in a generalized sense. Moreover, we show the uniqueness of solutions for the model in one-dimensional space