Walls talk: Microbial biogeography of homes spanning urbanization.

Westernization has propelled changes in urbanization and architecture, altering our exposure to the outdoor environment from that experienced during most of human evolution. These changes might affect the developmental exposure of infants to bacteria, immune development, and human microbiome diversity. Contemporary urban humans spend most of their time indoors, and little is known about the microbes associated with different designs of the built environment and their interaction with the human immune system. This study addresses the associations between architectural design and the microbial biogeography of households across a gradient of urbanization in South America. Urbanization was associated with households' increased isolation from outdoor environments, with additional indoor space isolation by walls. Microbes from house walls and floors segregate by location, and urban indoor walls contain human bacterial markers of space use. Urbanized spaces uniquely increase the content of human-associated microbes-which could increase transmission of potential pathogens-and decrease exposure to the environmental microbes with which humans have coevolved

Influência das gemas laterais sobre a brotação da gema apical em ramos de macieira

A influência da dominância apical é amplamente estudada em frutíferas, porém trabalhos que evidenciem o efeito contrário são desconhecidos. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência das gemas laterais (GL) sobre a gema apical (GA) em ramos de macieira. Amostraram-se brindilas, de 20-25 cm da cv. Castel Gala, em maio/2010 e junho/2011, em Papanduva-SC. Os tratamentos foram: i) 2010 -  I: estaca intacta;  A: remoção alternada de 50% das GL ao longo do ramo; SI: remoção das GL inferiores do ramo (50%); SS: remoção das GL superiores do ramo (50%); SL: remoção de todas as GL do ramo e SA: remoção da GA do ramo; ii) 2011 - I: estaca intacta; SS: remoção das GL superiores do ramo (50%); FSLS: estaca intacta com ferimento abaixo das GL superiores. As estacas foram submetidas à 3ºC por 168, 336 e 504 horas de frio (HF), em 2010, e 456 HF, em 2011, sendo posteriormente transferidas para 25°C, para avaliação da brotação. Avaliaram-se os dados quanto aos parâmetros brotação máxima, precocidade e uniformidade. O aumento de HF elevou a quantidade de GA brotadas, devido à superação da dormência. As GL foram fortemente afetadas pela dominância apical, independentemente do período de frio. Os tratamentos com presença de GL superiores proporcionaram menor percentual de brotação máxima e menor precocidade e uniformidade de brotação das GA se comparados aos demais tratamentos. As GA sofrem influência das GL, especialmente das situadas próximas à extremidade superior dos ramos, sendo uma informação relevante do ponto de vista fisiológico e fitotécnico, considerando que a produção se concentra neste grupo de gemas.La influencia del dominio apical se estudia ampliamente en los árboles frutales, pero se desconocen los estudios que muestran el efecto contrario. El objetivo fue evaluar la influencia de las yemas laterales (GL) en la yema apical (AG) en las ramas de manzana. Tostadas, 20-25 cm de cv. Castel Gala, en mayo / 2010 y junio /2011, en Papanduva-SC. Los tratamientos fueron: i) 2010 - I: estaca intacta; A: eliminación alternativa del 50% de GL a lo largo de la rama; SI: eliminación de GL inferior de la rama (50%); SS: eliminación de GL superior de la rama (50%); SL: eliminación de todos los GL de la sucursal y SA: eliminación de GA de la sucursal; ii) 2011 - I: participación intacta; SS: eliminación de GL superior de la rama (50%); FSLS: estaca intacta con la herida debajo del GL superior. Los esquejes se sometieron a 3ºC durante 168, 336 y 504 horas de frío (HF), en 2010, y 456 HF, en 2011, y luego se transfirieron a 25 ° C, para la evaluación de los brotes. Los datos fueron evaluados para la brotación máxima, precocidad y parámetros de uniformidad. El aumento de HF aumentó la cantidad de GA germinada, debido a la superación de la latencia. GL fueron fuertemente afectados por el dominio apical, independientemente del período de frío. Los tratamientos con la presencia de GL superior proporcionaron un menor porcentaje de brotación máxima y menor brotación temprana y uniformidad de brotación GA en comparación con otros tratamientos. Los GA están influenciados por GL, especialmente aquellos ubicados cerca de la extremidad superior de las ramas, que es información relevante desde un punto de vista fisiológico y fitotécnico, considerando que la producción se concentra en este grupo de brotes.The influence of apical dominance is widely studied in fruit trees, but works that show the opposite effect are unknown. The objective was to evaluate the influence of lateral buds (LB) on the apical bud (AB) on apple twigs. Were sampled twigs, 20-25 cm of cv. Castel Gala in May/2010 and June/2011, in Papanduva-SC. The treatments were: i) 2010 - I: intact twig; A: removal alternating of 50% LB along the twig; SI: LB lower removal of twig (50%); SS: LB upper removal of twig (50%); SL: removal all LB of twig and SA: removal AB of twig; ii) 2011 - I: intact twig; SS: LB upper removal of twig (50%); FSLS: intact twig with injury below the LB upper. The twigs were submitted to 3ºC per 168, 336 and 504 chilling hours (CH), in 2010, and 456 CH, in 2011 and later transferred to 25ºC, for budburst evaluation. Budburst data were evaluated through maximum budburst, precocity and uniformity. The increase of HF increased the amount of AB sprouted due to overcome dormancy. The LB were strongly affected by apical dominance, regardless of the cold period. The treatments with LB upper presence provided lower percentage of maximum budburst and lower precocity and uniformity of budburst of AB compared to the other treatments. The AB is influenced by LB, especially those located near the extremity upper of twigs, one relevant information in physiological and phytotechnical aspects, considering that production is concentrated in this group of buds

Genetic selection modulates feeding behavior of group-housed pigs exposed to daily cyclic high ambient temperatures

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of genetic selection (Lines A and B; Line A pigs have a greater proportion of Pietrain genes than those from Line B and therefore, selected for improved lean tissue accretion) on the feeding behavior of group-housed pigs exposed to daily cyclic high ambient temperatures. Feeding behavior of 78 barrows housed together in a single room was recorded in real time by five automatic feeders. The feeders registered each visit of each pig (day, hour, min, and second) and the amount of feed requested. Daily cyclic high ambient temperature was induced exposing pigs at 22˚C from 18.00 to 10.00 h and 30˚C from 10.01 to 17.59 h. From this temperature variation, dayperiod was divided into: 22˚C(06-10h), from 6.00 to 10.00 h; 30˚C(10-18h), from 10.01 to 17.59 h; and 22˚C(18-06h), from 18.00 to 5.59 h. Meal criteria was estimated based on the probability of animals starting a new feeding event within the next minute since the last visit (Pstart). After defining the meal criteria, the number of meals (n), feed intake rate (g/min), feed intake (g/meal), feeder occupancy (min/meal), and interval between meals (min) of each animal were calculated. Greatest probability of starting to feed was observed at 22˚C(06-10h), followed by 30˚C(10-18h) and then 22˚C(18-06h). Regardless of time period, pigs from line A had greater feed intake rate and lower feed intake, feed occupancy per meal and probability of starting a meal when compared with line B pigs. Only line A pigs had greater feed intake and feeder occupancy per meal at 22˚C(18-06h) than remainder of the day. This indicates that pig feeding pattern is strongly related to the circadian rhythm. However, the genetic selection for improved lean tissue accretion may modulate pigs feeding behavior under daily cyclic high ambient temperatures

Micromorphological Evaluation of Dentin Treated with Different Desensitizing Agents

Introduction: The purpose of a desensitizing agent is a permanent coating or filling of dentin surface. Morphological analysis in vitro of this treated surface is essential to understand the interaction between desensitizing agent and hypersensitive dentin. The aim was to evaluate the morphology of four dentin surface treated with desensitizing agents.Methods: This was an in vitro laboratory study, where fifteen specimens from extracted human premolars were obtained. The enamel was removed to expose the dentin surface, polished with silicon carbide abrasive papers and etched with 6% citric acid for 2 min. The specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups: G1 - without treatment (control) (C), G2 - fluoride varnish (FV), G3 - potassium oxalate (PO), G4 - 2-step self-etching adhesive system (AS), G5 - diode laser (DL). The specimens were cleaved in the lingualbuccal direction, prepared for analysis by Scanning Electron Microscope and the surface and interior of the dentinal tubules were observed at 1500× magnification.Results: In the control group, the dentin etching promoted smear layer removal and exposure of dentinal tubules. In the group of fluoride varnish, a film was observed on the surface, with plugs of varnish into tubules. In the group of oxalate, partial obliteration of the tubular entrances was observed. In the group of the adhesive system, the tubules were obstructed through the formation of hybrid layer and a physical barrier on the surface. In the group of the diode laser, dentin melting and solidification with partial occlusion of dentinal tubules were observed.Conclusions: All desensitizing agents evaluated demonstrated ability to modify the surface of dentin, with partial or total occlusion of dentinal tubules. Thus, it is suggested to do more clinical studies to verify the effectiveness of the findings

Dormência de gemas em macieira após flutuações térmicas

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of heat waves on the evolution of bud dormancy, in apple trees with contrasting chilling requirements. Twigs of 'Castel Gala' and 'Royal Gala' were collected in orchards in Papanduva, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, and were exposed to constant (3°C) or alternating (3 and 15°C for 12/12 hours) temperature, combined with zero, one or two days a week at 25°C. Two additional treatments were evaluated: constant temperature (3°C), with a heat wave of seven days at 25°C, in the beginning or in the middle of the experimental period. Periodically, part of the twigs was transferred to 25°C for daily budburst evaluation of apical and lateral buds. Endodormancy (dormancy induced by cold) was overcome with less than 330 chilling hours (CH) of constant cold in 'Castel Gala' and less than 618 CH in 'Royal Gala'. A daily 15°C‑temperature cycle did not affect the endodormancy process. Heat waves during endodormancy resulted in an increased CH to achieve bud requirements. The negative effect of high temperature depended on the lasting of this condition. Chilling was partly cancelled during dormancy when the heat wave lasted 36 continuous hours or more. Therefore, budburst prediction models need adjustments, mainly for regions with mild and irregular winters, such as those of Southern Brazil.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de ondas de calor sobre a evolução da dormência de gemas de macieiras com necessidades contrastantes de frio hibernal. Brindilas de macieiras 'Castel Gala' e 'Royal Gala' foram coletadas de pomares em Papanduva, SC, e expostas à temperatura constante (3°C) ou alternada (3 e 15°C, por 12/12 horas), combinadas com zero, um ou dois dias por semana a 25°C. Dois outros tratamentos foram avaliados: temperatura constante (3°C), com onda de calor de sete dias a 25°C, no início ou no meio do período experimental. Periodicamente, parte das brindilas era transferida para 25°C, para avaliação da brotação das gemas apicais e laterais. A endodormência (dormência induzida pelo frio) foi superada com menos de 330 horas de resfriamento (HF) constante em 'Castel Gala' e menos de 618 HF em 'Royal Gala'. Um ciclo diário de temperatura a 15°C não afetou o processo de endodormência. Ondas de calor de 25°C durante a endodormência resultaram em aumento de HF para atender à necessidade das gemas. O efeito negativo da alta temperatura dependeu da duração desta condição. O resfriamento foi parcialmente anulado durante a dormência, quando a onda de calor durou 36 horas contínuas ou mais. Portanto, os modelos de predição da brotação necessitam de ajustes, principalmente para regiões com invernos amenos e irregulares, como os do Sul do Brasil

Dermatologists' attitude towards psoriasis treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic

Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2021 Torres T, Pereira M, Paiva Lopes MJ, Rebelo C, Pedro Andrade P, Henrique M, Oliveira H, Ferreira P, Marques Pinto G, Menezes Brandão F, Rozeira J, Filipe P, Tavares Bello R. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: The COVID-19 pandemic introduced new challenges in several dimensions in healthcare services. Herein, we describe the real-life strategies and therapeutic options adopted by dermatologists regarding their patients with psoriasis being treated with or with an indication for systemic therapy during the first COVID-19 lockdown period in Portugal. Methods: The study involves a web-based survey on the clinical management of systemic therapy for psoriasis during the COVID-19 pandemic administered to Portuguese dermatologists. The survey consisted of 55 questions (4 openended questions; 51 closed-ended questions), grouped into 6 sections. Results: A total of 60 dermatologists voluntarily participated in this survey. Nearly 63% of the participants opted for suspending biologics during the COVID-19 lockdown period and 23.3% increased the time between drug administrations. Eighty percent of the participants agreed that biologics did not change the probability of acquiring COVID-19 and 58.4% believed that these drugs decreased or did not change the severity of the disease. Approximately one-third of the participants opted not to prescribe a biological agent in patients despite clinical indication over the duration of the pandemic. Nearly 25% of the participants opted for suspending traditional immunosuppressant administration. Virtual appointments were an option for 93.3% of the participants. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the management of patients with psoriasis being treated with or with an indication for systemic therapy. Some of the decisions made during the first lockdown period were contrary to what we know today. These decisions might have had a significant impact on patients' quality of life and on future therapeutic success. An adequate interpretation and analysis of the available data will be extremely important to an insightful adaptation of the clinical practice in future confinement or restrictive scenarios.publishersversionpublishe

Data mining to evaluate operational risk in technological processes

RESUMEN: Un riesgo operativo es un riesgo de negocio principalmente en empresas que actúan en el sector financiero. Este tipo de riesgo puede ser tratado con diferentes marcos regulatorios, los específicos de riesgo, los de seguridad y los de evaluación de procesos tecnológicos como COBIT del Instituto de Gobernanza de TI. Identificar y tratar el riesgo no siempre es tarea fácil aun con muchos estudios. En esta investigación se utiliza la metodología Data Mining con la técnica de Machine Learning basada en árboles de decisión, para analizar el proceso de Evaluación y Gestión de Riesgos (PO9) del dominio Organización y Planificación de COBIT. La base de datos se fundamenta en el grado de madurez respondido por 548 empresas en 34 procesos diferentes. Los resultados encontrados se corresponden con la jerarquía de relaciones representadas en el árbol de decisión y con la representación de otros algoritmos utilizados en un previo clasificador de transparencia de esta misma base de datos.ABSTRACT: An operational risk is a business risk mainly in companies that operate in the financial sector. This type of risk can be dealt with different regulatory frameworks, as risk specific, security and technological process evaluation such as COBIT from the IT Governance Institute. To Identify and treat risk is not always easy, even with many studies. In this research Data Mining methodology is used with Machine Learning technique based on decision trees, to analyze the Risk Assessment and Management (PO9) process of the Planning and Organization domain of COBIT. The database is based on the maturity level of 548 companies in 34 different processes. The results found correspond to the hierarchy of relations represented in the decision tree and with the representation of other algorithms used in a previous transparency classifier of this same database

Interspecific Genetic Differences and Historical Demography in South American Arowanas (Osteoglossiformes, Osteoglossidae, Osteoglossum)

The South American arowanas (Osteoglossiformes, Osteoglossidae, Osteoglossum) are emblematic species widely distributed in the Amazon and surrounding basins. Arowana species are under strong anthropogenic pressure as they are extensively exploited for ornamental and food purposes. Until now, limited genetic and cytogenetic information has been available, with only a few studies reporting to their genetic diversity and population structure. In the present study, cytogenetic and DArTseq-derived single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data were used to investigate the genetic diversity of the two Osteoglossum species, the silver arowana O. bicirrhosum, and the black arowana O. ferreirai. Both species differ in their 2n (with 2n = 54 and 56 for O. ferreirai and O. bicirrhosum, respectively) and in the composition and distribution of their repetitive DNA content, consistent with their taxonomic status as different species. Our genetic dataset was coupled with contemporary and paleogeographic niche modeling, to develop concurrent demographic models that were tested against each other with a deep learning approach in O. bicirrhosum. Our genetic results reveal that O. bicirrhosum colonized the Tocantins-Araguaia basin from the Amazon basin about one million years ago. In addition, we highlighted a higher genetic diversity of O. bicirrhosum in the Amazon populations in comparison to those from the Tocantins-Araguaia basin. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Comportamento alimentar, satisfação corporal e percepção da qualidade de vida na população transgênera brasileira

Pessoas trans apresentam níveis elevados de insatisfação corporal devido à disforia de gênero e fatores sociais, podendo gerar pior percepção da qualidade de vida e risco para desenvolvimento de Transtornos Alimentares (TA). Esta pesquisa objetiva elucidar os fatores associados à qualidade de vida da população trans, entre eles a disforia de gênero, percepção da imagem corporal, nível de satisfação corporal e comportamento alimentar

Influência da terapia com lasers na apicectomia: revisão integrativa da literatura

Com os avanços tecnológicos, o uso de lasers na odontologia tornou-se uma opção para terapêutica cirúrgica perirradicular. As vantagens de utilizar essa ferramenta para ressecção radicular são a ausência de desconforto, diminuição do trauma ao tecido adjacente e menor risco de contaminação. Comparar, através de uma revisão de literatura, os efeitos da terapia com laser na apicectomia. Foram realizadas buscas distintas, sendo incluídos artigos que abordassem os efeitos da terapia com laser na apicectomia, nos últimos 10 anos. As buscas eletrônicas foram realizadas nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), Web Of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE e Cochrane Library, além da utilização complementar do Google Acadêmico. Foram considerados elegíveis sete artigos para constituir essa revisão, sendo seis estudo in vitro e um estudo in vivo. Dos artigos selecionados, cinco artigos utilizaram apenas laser Er: YAG e dois artigos fizeram o uso de laser Er:YAG e laser Er, Cr:YSGG.Os lasers se apresentam como alternativas eficazes e fisiologicamente aceitáveis para apicectomia. Os lasers Er: YAG e Er, Cr: YSGG são apontados como eficientes e seguros para o uso em procedimentos cirúrgicos endodônticos, como a apicectomia